初中-定语从句考点最全讲解练习及答案.ppt

定语从句,定语从句-,啥叫定语:修饰方式也啥叫从句啥叫定语从句,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Maryisabeautifulgirl.ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.,拆分法,拆分法拆、找、合,一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。找：找同一字翻译句子thegirlishavingclass;thegirlwearsglasses根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词thegirlwearsglasseswho合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去Thegirlwhowearsglassesishavingclass,拆分法学定语从句,这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜Thestudentishavingdinner,thestudentwearsglasses找:thestudentwearsglasses-who合:Thestudentwhowearsglassesishavingdinner我们用我05年买的电脑拆：Weusethecomputer,Iboughtthecomputerin2005.找：Iboughtthecomputerin2005.which合；Weusethecomputerwhich/that/不填Iboughtin2005.,我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友1我在街上遇到了这个朋友，2我以前在上海交朋友Imetthefriendonthestreet.ImadethefriendinShanghai.Who/WhomImadeinShanghai.ImetthefriendwhoImadeinShanghaionthestreet,Jointwosentencesintoone:Theboyismybrother.Hehelpedme.,1.Theboywhohelpedmeismybrother.,Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight.,2.Thefilmtheysawlastnightisinteresting.,Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontworkhard.,3.Thestudentswhodontworkhardwillnotpasstheexam.,定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.Thestudents(whodontstudyhard)willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam.主句:,Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.,2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:,ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,3.Ashoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句：,Ashoeshopisashop.,从句的主语:,which,4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：,Thebookisonthedesk.,you,that,引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.,主语,Ilostthebook(that/which)yougaveme).,宾语,归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1)Aplaneisamachine_canfly.2)Thecar_myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.,which/that,which/that/,who/that,whom/that/,that,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.,指代、所作成分、是否可省略,1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.,2.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?,theone,Thisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek?,3.Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.,for,4.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.,ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,第三部分：that问题,关系代词which和that的区别：,A.关系代词必须用that的情形：,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.,有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which,定语从句中需注意事项（一）,从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.,2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.,先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.,先行词是oneof,theone,或用much,little,few,no,any作修饰，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaventgotmuchthatyoucanofferus.,当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?,Summarize:只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况,1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。,2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.,4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。,5）先行词既有人又有物时。,B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which,Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwevehadsomuchdiscussion.,Fillinthegaps:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_itusedtobetwentyyearsago.,that,that,that/,that/,that,that,that,Correctthefollowingsentences:,1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.2.Thatsallwhichwanttosay.,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,ThatsallthatIwanttosay.,3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.,Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?,Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.,Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.,Corrections:1.Themanjustsaidhellotomeismychemistryteacher.,who,2.Whoisthecomradeyoujustshookhandswithhim.,3.Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.,(wherewhich),4.ThisisthebestdictionarywhichIhaveeverused.,(whichthat),5.Thehousewhereweliveinisnotverylarge.,(wherewhich/that),6.Thehousethatitwasbuiltin1970stayedupintheearthquake.,第四部分：介词问题,“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.,onwhich,duringwhich,inwhich,bywhich,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,2.“介词whom/which”与“whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1）Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood.Thechair(which/that)sheissittingonismadeofwood.2)Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor?介词for不能与look分开。3.way作先行词1)Theway(inwhich/that)helooksattheproblemsiswrong.,Whose的用法,例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方拆：Iliketovisitaplace.Theplaceshistoryislong.概念颠覆：Hisbookwhosebook.TomsbookwhosebookTheplaceshistorywhosehistory找：Theplaceshistoryislong.whose合:Iliketovisitaplacewhosehistoryislong.例：DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.例：Passmethedictionaryofwhichcoverisblack.总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.对物可用whose,ofwhich两种,4.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)Thereare100teachersinourschool,_60arewomenteachers.2)Hehasthreechildren,two_workasteachers.3)Thattablehasfourlegs,all_areveryshort.4)Impaintingahouse,theroof_isround.,Impaintingahousewhoseroofis.,5)Theyliveinahouse,_windowsfacesouth.,Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_facesouth.,ofwhom,ofwhom,ofwhich,ofwhich,whose,ofwhich,用介词关系代词填空1Theboywasstayingintheroom_windowhecouldclimbdown.2.Hestheman_Ilearntthenews.3.Whosthecomrade_youjustshookhands.4.Thereare52studentsinourclass,_nearly40areLeaguemembers.5.Iknowaladythehusband_isaNobelPrizewinner.6.Doyouknowthedriverwhocausedthetrafficaccident_amanwaskilled.7.Thisistheway_shestudiesEnglish.,throughwhose,fromwhom,withwhom,ofwhom,ofwhom,inwhich,inwhich,8.The5yuan_heboughtthebookwasgivenbyhisfriend.9.ThestoryaboutShakespeare,_thisisoneexample,iswellwritten.10.Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses_hecantseeanything.11.Thekey_shewasopeningthedoorbroke.12.Thelibrary_weoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool.13.Nooneknowthereason_sheisleavingsoearly.14.Atlasttheycametoariver_anewbridgeisbeingbuilt.,forwhich,ofwhich,without,which,withwhich,towhich,forwhich,overwhich,关系代词引导的定语从句：Completethefollowingsentences:1.Isthistheschool_youvisitedlastyear?Isthisschool_youvisitedlastyear?2.Heisoneofthestudentswho_goodatmaths.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_goodatmaths.3.Thegirl_Ithinkwashonestliedtome.Thegirl_Ithinktobehonestliedtome.4.Chinaisnolonger_shewas10yearsago.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_shewas10yearsago.,(that/which),theone,are,is,who,whom,what,that,5.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom_youboughtlastmonth.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom_youboughtlastmonth.6.Doyoustillrememberthehotel_welivedlastsummerholiday?Doyoustillrememberthepark_wevisitedlastsummerholiday?7.Thisistheroom_mygrandmotherusedtolivedin.Thisistheroom_mygrandmotherusedtolived.,theone,what,inwhich,(that/which),(which/that),inwhich,8.Hehastwosons,andbothof_workasactors.Hehastwosons,bothof_workasactors.9.Chinahashundredsofislands,_Taiwanisthelargest.Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargest_isTaiwan.10.Thisisthehouse_thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.Thisisthehouse_windowwasbrokenyesterday.11.Heistheteacher_helpwehavemadegreatprogress.,them,whom,ofwhich,of,which,ofwhich,whose,withwhose,第五部分：关系副词,附加部分关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有多重作用。在从句中代替先行词。在从句中作状语。连接作用,关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。,关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）Thehotelwasntclean.+Westayed,atthehotel.,Westayed,where.,先行词,关系词,从句,=Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.,时间状语when,例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。Ialwaysremembertheday.Wemetontheday.找：onthedaywhen合:Ialwaysrememberthedaywhenwemet.,原因状语why固定句型thereasonwhy,例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。Thisisthereasonwhyyouarelate.例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。ThisisthereasonwhyIinviteyoutotakepartintheparty.,关系副词when,where,why的用法,1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?,Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?,2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.,Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.,3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.,Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.,Summarize:,在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语,When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+which,Fillintheblanks.1.Istillremembertheday_wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory_hisfatherworksislarge.5.Illneverforgetthetime_weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.,that/which,when/onwhich,that/which,where,when/atwhich,where/inwhich,归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,Practice:,1.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatthereason_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where2.Imgoingtovisittheschool_mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where,A,A,C,第六部分：中考真题,1Friendsarethosemakeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who2ItsquitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriversforpeoplegetoffthebus.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where3-Barbara,wheredoyouwork?-Iworkforacompanysellscars.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4-DoyouknowHongZhanhui?-Yes.HesthecollegestudenthasmovedChinesepeople.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom,5Jamieisayoungcookwantstoimproveschooldinners.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which6-Doyouknowthegirlinredis?-Imnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what7Paulsuncleisthemantaughtusmathlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when8ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adiseasehascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what,9Isthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquake.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.who10-ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isntit?-Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what11ThepandaisakindofanimalcanbefoundonlyinChina.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.where12_havefinishedtheworkcanleave.A.ThosewhoB.AnyoneC.TheonewhoD.which,13IlikethemusicIcandanceto.A.thatB.whoseC.whenD.how14-Isthegirlisinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?-Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose15Iliketovisitaplacehistoryislong.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who16ThenumberofpeoplelosttheirlivesinIndonesianearthquakereachedasmanyas6200.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose,17arobotisamachinecandosomedifficultworkinsteadofman.A.whoB./C.thatD.what18-Excuseme,canIhaveatalkwithyourmanager?-Yes?Iamjustthemanyouarelookingfor.A.whoseB.whatC.whoD.which19Rosalikesmusicisquietandgentle.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.who20Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whe