（HIC耐磨材料知识）

SourServiceProcessMaterialProperprocurement,Testing&Control,YasserAlSubhi,Outline,HIC&SSC,EffectsofSourServiceonSteel,StandardRequirements,SourServiceDefinition,QCRequirements&InspectionForms,WhatisSourService?,“SourService”justmeansafluidservicecontainingenoughhydrogen-sulphide(H2S)tocausematerialdamageReferredtoas“WetH2SService”,GeneralDefinition,Wet-sourgasWet-sourcrudeorcondensateSourwaterDry-sourgas,whereaprocessupsetcouldresultinwaterenteringintoorforminginthepipe,Examples,WhatistheConcernwithSourFluids?,CorrosionandCrackingSuddenandunpredictablefailuresSeriousConsequencesH2SSafetyConcernsToxicGasLethaleveninsmallconcentrations,FactsAboutSourServiceFluids,Corrosion&CrackingFactors,HydrogenInducedCracking,SulphideStressCracking,WhatisHICandSSC?,Planarcrackingthatoccursincarbonandlowalloysteelswhenatomichydrogendiffusesintothesteelandthencombinestoformmolecularhydrogenattrapsites(inclusionsorvoids),HICDefinition,Crackingofmetal,involvingcorrosionandtensilestress(residualand/orapplied)inthepresenceofwaterandH2S,SSCDefinition,HydrogenInducedCracking(HIC),ID,OD,Fe2+,HO,HO,HO,HO,CorrosionCell,Mechanism,Steel,Steel,HydrogenInducedCracking(HIC),ID,OD,HO,HO,S-2,WetH2S+HICSusceptibleSteel,Steel,HydrogenInducedCracking(HIC),ID,OD,WetH2S+HICSusceptibleSteel,HO,HO,S-2,ElongatedInclusions,Steel,HydrogenInducedCracking(HIC),ID,OD,WetH2S+HICSusceptibleSteel,S-2,StepwiseCracking,Blister,HydrogenInducedCracking(HIC),SurfaceBlistering,CenterlineSegregation,StepwiseCracking,StepwiseCracking,StepwiseCracking,HICinPipe,HICinPipe,SSCinPipe,SSCinPipe,CorrosiveEnvironment,AcidicornearneutralpHwaterphasewithanoxygenconcentrationinexcessof20microgramsperliter(20ppb)WaterphasewithapHbelow5.5calculatedfromavailabledataormeasuredeitherinsituoratatmosphericpressureimmediatelyafterthesampleiscollectedinthefieldWatercontainingmultiphasefluidwithacarbondioxidepartialpressure206kPa(30psi)Aserviceconditionthatwouldcauseametalpenetrationrateof76m/yr(3.0mpy)ormore.Thepenetrationratemaybefromuniformcorrosion,localizedcorrosion,orpitting.DeterminethisserviceconditionjointlybyconsultingcorrosionengineersfromtheresponsibleoperatingorganizationsandCSD/ME&CCD.AllsoilsandwatersinwhichpipingsystemsareburiedorimmersedWater-containingfluidstreamwithflowingsolidssuchasscaleorsand,whichmaysettleandinitiatecorrosiondamage.Water-containingfluidstreamcarryingbacteriathatcancauseMICInsulatedandfireproofedsystems,Crack-InducingEnvironments,PipingSystem&ProcessEquipmentexposedtoanenvironmentmeetinganyoneofthefollowingconditionsrequiressulfidestresscracking(SSC)controlmeasuresPipingSystems&ProcessEquipmentexposedtoanenvironmentwith50ppmwtotalsulfidecontentintheaqueousphaserequiretheuseofHICresistantsteelthatmeets01-SAMSS-035and01-SAMSS-043forpipesand01-SAMSS-016fortanks,heatexchangers,andpressurevessels.HighTemperatureandRefiningEnvironmentsHighTemperaturerefineryenvironmentsidentifiedbySaudiAramcoBestPractices,APIRP571,andcompatibledocumentsincluding,butnotlimitedtoAPIPUBL932-A,APIRP932-B,APIRP939-C,APIRP941,andAPIRP945.,API5LLinePipe(01-SAMSS-035),Steel/RawMaterialHICresistantPlates/CoilsintendedforthemanufacturingofpipesshallbeprocuredfromanapprovedSaudiAramcosteelmill.SpecificInspectionThefrequencyofinspectionforHICtestshallbeonepipefromeachofthefirstthreeheats/mill/PO,thenonepipeoutofeveryfivesubsequentheats.Thepipesfortestingcanbeselectedbythepurchasersrepresentativefromtheheatscontainingthehighersulfurcontent.OnesetofthreespecimensisrequiredforHICtesting.IncaseoffailuresinHICtest,thefrequencyoftestingmaybeincreasedtocover100%oftheheats.HICtestingonpipesshallbecarriedoutonallheatsifthewallthicknessisgreaterthan1-inch(25.4mm)InspectionandTestinginaccordancewithInspectionForm175-010210HICorMillTestCertificateshallinclude:TheCrackLengthRation(CLR)resultsofthecontrolsampleLocationanddimensionsofcoupons,andwhethertakenfrompipeorplate.pHofH2Ssaturatedsolutionatthestartandendofthetest.Chemicalcompositionofmaterialtested,API5LLinePipe(01-SAMSS-035),Pseudo-HICResistantsteelshallnotbeusedtofabricateequipmentintendedforsourserviceapplication.SteelthatpassestheHICtest,buthasnotbeenintentionallymanufacturedtobeHICresistantsteelshallNOTbeusedHardnessTestMaximumacceptablehardness,includingweldcapis250HVusing5or10KgLoadHardnessexceeding250HV,evenontheexternalsurfaceshallbeconsideredunacceptableHIC/SWCAcceptanceCriteriaCrackLengthRation(CLR)10%CrackThicknessRation(CTR)3%,API5LLinePipe(01-SAMSS-035),PipeendsshallbeMagneticParticleInspectedforthedetectionoflaminarimperfectionsNDTInspectionforSeamlessPipeSeamlesspipesshallbeultrasonically(UT)inspectedforthedetectionoftransverseimperfectionsinaccordancewithISO10893-8,acceptanceLevelL2/CorASTME213NDTInspectionforSAWPipe:PipesLaminarimperfectionsinthepipebodyandonthestrip/plateedgesCoverageforultrasonic(UT)inspectionshallbeatleast25%UTinspectionshallbeoverawidthof25mm.Alternatively,itisacceptabletocarryoutinspectionforlaminarimperfectionsonpipeadjacenttotheweldseaminaccordancewithISO13663,CSPipesforOn-Plot(01-SAMSS-043),SeamlessPipesshallbesuppliedeitherinnormalized,normalizedandtemperedorquenchedandtemperedcondition.Pipesinasrolledconditionisnotacceptable.PipescanbeconsideredasnormalizedifthefinishingtemperatureisaboveAc3WeldedPipesmustbesubjectedtoaheattreatmentprocess,i.e.,stressrelieved,normalized,normalizedandtemperedorquenchedandtempered.PipesorderedforsourservicemustmeetbeHICtestedHICresistantplates/coilsintendedforthemanufacturingofpipesshallbeprocuredfromanapprovedSaudiAramcosteelmill.TestingshallbeperformedbytheManufacturer/Vendoror3rdpartylaboratoryacceptabletoSaudiAramcoThefrequencyofinspectionforHICtestshallbeonepipefromeachheat.OnesetofthreespecimensisrequiredforHICtesting.HICtestverificat