独立主格结构和with复合结构复习

.,独立主格结构和with/without复合结构,.,一独立主格结构,1.概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。2.结构:名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。,.,()名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词),当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1.Thisproblemsettled,theyleftthemeetingroom.2.Timepermitting,wellgothereonfoot.3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.,.,()名词/代词+(being)形容词,Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Heenteredthehouse,hisnoseredwithcold.()名词代词（being)副词Heputonhissocks，wrongsideout.,.,()名词代词不定式,1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeout.,.,（）名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.2.Flagonshoulder,thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.,.,()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being或havingbeen，这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“therebeing过去分词”结构中，being不可省。,1.Breakfast(being)over,hewenttoschool.2.Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.3.Theroombeingpaintednow,wecantgothere.,.,二With和without复合结构,with和without复合结构是:with/without名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。,.,（）with/without名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。,Icouldntfinishmyworkwiththosechildren_.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround()with/without名词代词+过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention_onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix,.,()with/without名词代词不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。,Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled()with/without名词代词形容词。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.,.,()with/without+名词代词副词。,_productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through()with/without+名词代词介词短语。1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.,.,三with和without复合结构与独立主格结构的转化,（）with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。（）作时间状语Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.,.,（）作原因状语,Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.,.,(3)作条件状语,Withtimepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.=Timepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.=Iftimepermits,wellvisittheSummerPalace.,.,(4)作伴随状语,Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.,.,()with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。,Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.,.,1._tenminutes_beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3._thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because,巩固练习,.,4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied_hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather_sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6._,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes_andhishands_.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled,.,8._,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather_,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10._arainyday,hedidntgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen,Welldone!,.,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,.,一、分析句子结构1._manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.ToldC.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold3._totheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou_totheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.5._totheleft,andyoullfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned,A,C,B,C,C,.,二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1._nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2._SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing,A,D,.,三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1._fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2._fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See3.Thedirtyclothes_,thegirlhungthemupoutside.4._thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed,A,B,B,D,.,四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1.Thebuilding_nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding_nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding_lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built,C,A,B,.,看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合,Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who,【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A,.,(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_carriedoutintheirwork.(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_werecarriedoutintheirwork.(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that,B,B,A,.,OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that,