新视野大学英语4unit3_section_A

-1-,UnitThreeSectionALongingforaNewWelfareSystem,-2-,Pre-readingActivities,NewWordsandExpressions,TextAnalysis,1,2,3,UnitThree,Summary,4,5,Writing,-3-,1.Whenyouaresick,youmaygototheschoolclinic.Howmuchdoyouneedtopayforyourmedicalexpenses?,Tips:Youjustneedtopay10%ofyourmedicinebills.,Pre-readingActivities,I.SocialWelfare,-4-,2.Whyjust10%?Whopaystherestforyou?,Itsapartofthesocialwelfaresystem.Thegovernmentpaystherestforyou.,Tips:,Pre-readingActivities,-5-,Publicassistanceprograms,commonlycalled“welfare”,providecashorbenefitsforparticularcategoriesofthefinanciallyneedy.,Pre-readingActivities,SocialWelfare,-6-,TheU.S.welfaresystemoperatesonboththefederalandstatelevels.ThefederalwelfareprogramisknownasSocialSecurity政府的公共福利计划thatprovidesbenefitsorassistanceforchildcare,disability,foodandmedicalassistance.Thestatewelfareprograms,ontheotherhand,provideassistancetobothindividualsandlocalcommunitieswithstateschoolingandsocialinsurance.,Pre-readingActivities,TheU.S.SocialWelfare,-7-,Whichpersonismorelikelytogetwelfareassistance?Why?,Pre-readingActivities,arubbishpicker,78yearsold,nolivingpartner,nochildren,ateenageworker,15yearsold,parentsdied,workinginasmallcoalmine,-8-,achildbeggar,7yearsold,nochancetogotoschool,athree-year-oldchild,severelyill,nomoneyformedicaltreatment,Pre-readingActivities,amiddle-agedman,disabledwithbotharmsandlegs,stillearninghislifebyrepairingbicycles,asix-year-oldchild,disabledinwalking,beggingformoneyontheroad,Pre-readingActivities,Howcanwehelpthedisabled?,Usethemoderntechnologies-assistivetechnologiestomakethelifeofthedisabledmucheasier.ChineseNationalHelp-the-disabledDay-thethirdSundayofMay.Offermorejobvacancies.Buildbarrier-freefacilitiesnationwide.Improvetheserviceindustriestowardsthehandicapped.Reformonthemedicalandreliefpoliciesandmakethemmorefavorableandpractical.,-11-,Pre-readingActivities,NewWordsandExpressions,TextAnalysis,1,2,3,UnitThree,Summary,4,5,Writing,-12-,LanguagePoints,raw(Para.1L2),rawmaterial/cotton/sugar/silk原材料/籽棉/粗糖/生丝,Example,a.(offood)notcookedb.(ofmaterials)initsnaturalstatec.(ofinformation)notyetprocessed,rawmeat生肉,Thisinformationisonlyrawdataandwillneedfurtheranalysis.原始数据,pension:Asumofmoneypaidregularlyasaretirementbenefit,Helivesonhispension.,aretirementpension退休金,2.Theytellthegovernmentthattheyaregettingtowhundreddollarslessthantheirrealpension(Para.1line4),pension,3.optvi.,tomakeachoice,Whenheleftschool,heoptedtogotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangettingajobstraightaway.,Manystudentsopttofurthertheirstudy.,Mostpeopleoptforbuyingtheirownhomesratherthanrentingthem.,opttodosth./optforsth.,Ihaveoptedtolivealifeofcompletehonesty.(para.2),4.Veryhigh-profile.(Para.2),e.g.Shehasagoodstrongprofile.她侧面看上去美丽而坚毅。,n.1)asideviewofapersonsface侧面,e.g.Theactorisphotographedinprofile,smokingacigarette.,这个演员从侧面拍了一张抽烟的照片。,profile,2)ashortdescriptionthatgivesimportantdetailsaboutaperson,agroupofpeople,oraplace.人物简介，概况,3)ahigh/lowprofile引人注目/低调,writeaprofileforhim,给他写小传,keepalowprofile,保持低调,DNAprofiling,DNA鉴定（forcrimeinspection）,profile,e.g.Compensationofinjuredworkershascostthecompanyalot.对受伤工人的补偿花费了公司不少钱。,e.g.Shereceived$50,000incompensationforalosteye.她得到了5万美金作为失去一只眼睛的补偿费。,5.bowtothemascompensation.(Para.3),n.sth.giventocompensateforaloss补偿,compensation,compensation,e.g.Nothingcancompensateforthelossoftime.虚度光阴是无法补偿的（光阴一去不复还）。,扩展,compensatev.补偿,compensation,6.liberaln.,Csomeonewhoacceptsdifferentopinionsorwaysofbehaving,Heregardedhimselfasaliberalandafriendofthepoorandblackpeople.,他自认为是一个开明的人，是穷人和黑人的朋友。,6.Mostcaseworkersbeginascollege-educatedliberalswithhighideals.(Para.3),6.liberala.,willingtoacceptdifferentopinionsorwaysofbehaving:开明的,Wewerefortunateenoughtohaveaveryliberalteacher.,她的父母思想开明，让她拥有许多自由。,Herparentsareveryliberalandallowheralotoffreedom.,open-minded,enlightened,unprejudiced,7.alertvt.,1)tomakesomeonenoticesomethingimportantordangerous：提醒；引起重视,Ananonymous(匿名的)letteralertedpolicetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.,Healteredteacherstotheimportanceofobservingchildrenatplay.,alertsb.tosth.,7.Thenthemedicalworkeralertedthemainwelfare.(Para.12),7.alerta.,2)payingattentiontowhatishappeningandreadytoreactifnecessary,Passengersshouldtrytostayalertatalltimesandreportanysuspiciouspackagestothepoliceimmediately.,乘客应该尽量一直保持警觉，发现任何可疑的包裹都要立即向警方报告。,bealerttodo,Theauthoritiesshouldhavebeenalerttothepossibilityofinvasion.,8.Somedaypeoplelikemewillthriveunderanewsystem(Para.17),v.growordevelopwell兴旺发达,thrive,e.g.Hethatwillthrive,mustriseatfive.谚五更起床,百事兴旺。,e.g.Flowerswillnotthrivewithoutsunshine.花没有阳光不会茂盛。,8.thrive,e.g.Shewasconvictedoftheft.她被判盗窃罪。,9.notseektoconvictthemofcheating.(Para.17),veordeclaresb.guilty证明有罪,convict,e.g.Therewasntenoughevidencetoconvicthim.没有足够证据证明他有罪。,9.convict,-25-,Pre-readingActivities,TextAnalysis,NewWordsandExpressions,1,3,2,UnitThree,Summary,4,5,Writing,Mainideaofthetext?Thereadingpassageexplorestheproblemsofthepresentwelfaresystemandexpressesthedesiretohaveanewsystem.Thepassagescanbebroadlydividedintothreeparts:howpeoplebehaveunderthepresentwelfaresystemandwhataretheproblemswithitandwhatshouldberequiredofthenewsystem.,Mainideaofthetext,-27-,Howisthetextorganized?,Thepassageiscomposedofthreeparts:1.howpeoplebehaveunderthepresentwelfaresystem2.whattheproblemsarewithit3.whatsolutionsshouldbeappliedtotheproblems.Theorganizationofthewholepassagegoesaftertheproblem-solutionpatternwithexamplesfromtheauthorsownexperiences.,Textanalysis,PartI(Paras.1-3),PartII(Paras.4-14),generalsituationhowthepeopleconcernedbehaveunderthepresentwelfaresystem,problemstheproblemsofthepresentwelfaresystem,PartIII(Paras.15-17),suggestionswhatshouldbedonewiththepresentwelfaresystem,TextAnalysis,-29-,LanguagePoints,tolongfor(Title),经过多年战争后，人们都盼望和平。,Peoplelongedforpeaceaftermanyyearsofwar.,Example,haveadesirefor;wantverymuch,Welfareclientsarebelievedtocheatmoremoneyoutofthepresentwelfaresystem.(Para.1),Generalimagesofwelfareclientsandwelfarecaseworkersunderthepresentsystem,Therearewelfareclientswhochoosetolivealifeofcompletehonesty.(Para.2),Therelationshipbetweenwelfareclientsandcaseworkersistense.(Para.3),PartI,1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat.Everybodyexpectsit”?(Para.1),Hemeansthatawelfareclientisbelievedtolietogetalittleextrawelfaremoneyandthosecaseworkersknowitwell.,TextUnderstanding,Theyknowclearlythattheyarebeingmadefoolsofbysomeoftheirclients,andtheyfeeltheyareentitledtohaveclientsbowtothemascompensation.,Hehaschosentoliveanhonestlifebydrummingupsomebusinessoutsideanddrawingcartoonsformagazines.,2.Howhastheauthorchosentoliveasawelfareclient?(Para.2),3.Whatdocaseworkersreallyexpectwelfareclientstodo?(Para.3),-33-,LanguagePoints,besupposed/expectedto(Para.1L.1),2.Youresupposedtoasktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheroom.,Example,a.bebelievedtobeb.berequiredtodosth.accordingtoarule,1.shessupposedtohavehadfivehundredpairsofshoes.,普遍认为,应该,-34-,LanguagePoints,bleed(Para.2L.3),2.Hedbeenwoundedinthearmandwasbleedingheavily.,Example,a.forcesb.topayalotofmoneyb.loseblood,1.Thewestisbleedingpoorercountriesdrythroughinterestpaymentsontheirdebts.,西方正通过债务利息榨干贫穷国家的财富。,向榨取,-35-,LanguagePoints,todrumup(Para2.L.2),DuringtheseasonofChristmaseachyear,tradersusetheirownuniquetrickstodrumuptheirbusiness.,每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。,Example,tryhardtogetsupport,customers,business,etc.竭力争取(支持);兜揽(生意),e.g.Jessegavemoneyunderthetabletogettheapartment.杰西悄悄花钱弄到一套房间。,Oh,Imtemptedtogetpaidunderthetable.(Para.2L.3),inasecretway背地里，私下,e.g.Theywerechargedwithtakingmoneyunderthetable.他们被指控私下拿钱。,underthetable/counter,LanguagePoints,-37-,Imtemptedtogetpaidunderthetable.ButevenifIyieldedtothattemptation,bigmagazinesarenotgoingtogetinvolvedinsomestickysituation.(para.2)Meaning:Ifeeladesiretobepaidwithoutbeingknowntoothers.ButevenifIcouldntresistthattemptationandwantedtobepaidunderthetable,bigmagazinesIamworkingforwontagreetogetthemselvesintotroublebytellingliesformysake.,LanguagePoints,-38-,LanguagePoints,sticky(Para.2L.4),2.Herhandswerestickyfromtheicecream.,1.astickyproblem/situation,Example,a.difficultorunpleasantb.coveredinasubstancethatstickstothingsthattouchit,棘手的,黏的,-39-,LanguagePoints,makeafoolofsb.(Para.3L.2),makeafoolofoneself,Yourbrotherismakingafoolofyou.,Example,obehavingfoolishly,Hewasdrinkingandmakingafoolofhimself.,他喝酒时，出尽了洋相。,愚弄，欺骗,出洋相,-40-,LanguagePoints,tobeentitledto(do)sth.(Para.3L.3),1.Everyoneisentitledto(air)hisownopinion.,Example,havetherighttohaveordosth.,2.Thisticketdoesnotentitleyoutotravelfirstclass.,对享有权利；有权做某事,Caseworkerstrytoconvictwelfareclientofcheating.Oneexampleisoffered.(Paras.4-8),Problemswiththepresentwelfaresystem,Welfareclientsfinditextremelydifficulttohavetheirwheelchairsrepaired.Oneexampleisoffered.(Paras.9-12),Ifwelfareclientsmakemoney,theyhavetogothroughtheembarrassingsituationofbeingquestionedtoaccountforeverypenny.(Para.13),Thewelfaresystemdoesnotencouragewelfareclientstoworktosupportthem-selvesandmakeagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.(Para.14),PartII,-42-,LanguagePoints,tolecturesb.aboutsth.(Para.9L.1),HesalwayslecturingmeaboutthewayIdress.,他总说我穿着不得体。,Example,就某事训斥某人,-43-,Iveheardthatyouputalotmoremilesonthatwheelchairthanaverage.(Para.9L.4)Meaning:Iveheardthatyouuseyourwheelchairmoreoftenthantheaverageclientsdo.Nowonderthatswhyyourwheelchairisalwaysbreakingdown.,LanguagePoints,e.g.Iherebycertifythattheaboveinformationistrueandaccurate.兹证明上述情况属实且准确无误。,whowouldcertifythattherewasaproblem.(Para.12L.1),v.putsth.downinwritingasanofficialstatement证明,certify,LanguagePoints,e.g.Bidsforbuildingthebridgewereinvitedfrombigfirmsthroughoutthecountry.已向全国几个大公司招标建造这座桥梁。,.togetthecheapestbid.(Para.12L.3),n.1)anoffertopay出价,bid,e.g.Imadeabidof$150forthepainting.我出价150美元买这幅画。,LanguagePoints,-46-,Thereisnoprovisioninthelawforagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.(Para.14L.1)Meaning:Thereisnotanitemoflawtoencouragewelfareclientstobegraduallyindependentofthewelfaresystem.逐渐脱离福利照顾,LanguagePoints,1.Answerthefollowingquestions:,handicapped;confinedtowheelchair;carryingaurinebageveryday;independent;self-respect;self-support;self-made,TextUnderstanding,1)Whatkindofpersonistheauthor?,-48-,TextUnderstanding,QandAaboutthetext:,RetelltheProceduretoAskforWheelchairRepairs,caseworker,medicalworker,wheelchairrepaircompany,mainwelfareoffice,thehandicappedclient,Itsverydifficultforwelfareclientstoaskforextrafinancialhelp.,3)Whatcanyouconcludefromtheprocedureofaskingforwheelchairrepairs?,TextUnderstanding,4)HowdoyoudescribeSuzanne?,arrogant;suspicious;indifferent;careless;business-like;adetective,TextUnderstanding,Thereneedstobelawyerstoprotecttherightsofwelfareclients.(Para.15),Suggestionstoimprovethepresentwelfaresystem,Welfareclientsshouldtakestepstofightformorerightsforthemselves.(Para.16),Anewsystemissuggestedtoencouragewelfareclientstodeveloptheirtalentsandsupportthemselves.(Para.17),PartIII,Hedreamsofanewsystemthatwillencouragetheclientsandhelpthemtodeveloptheirtalents,ratherthanseektoconvictthemofcheating.,Thesystemsoeasilylendsitselftoabusebythewelfaregiversaswellasbytheclients.,Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthecurrentwelfaresystem?(para.15),Whatkindofnewwelfaresystemdoestheauthordreamof?(para.17),-53-,LanguagePoints,tolendoneselfto(Para.15L.2),Example,beeasilyusedforaparticularactivityorresult,适宜于；有助于,Anysystemoftaxationlendsitselftomanipulationbycleverorunscrupulousmen.,任何税收制度都有可能被那些狡猾诡诈的人或无耻之徒钻空子。,-54-,LanguagePoints,toconvictsb.ofdoingsth.wrong(Para.17L.2),Wehavenorighttoorderhimtoleaveschoolunlessthereisenoughevidencetoconvicthimofcheatingintheexam.,我们无权勒令他退学，除非有足够的证据证明他考试作弊。,Example,declareguilty宣判有罪；使服罪,-55-,Somedaypeoplelikemewillthriveunderanewsystemthatwillencouragethemnotseektoconvictthemofcheating.(para.17)Meaning:Onedayinthefuture,disabledpeoplelikemelivingonwelfarewilldowellandgetsuccessfuliftheoldsystemistransformedintoanewonethatencouragesitsclientsinsteadofseekingtoprovethemtobecheating.,LanguagePoints,-56-,Pre-readingActivities,Summary,Newwords,1,4,2,UnitThree,Textanalysis,3,Writing,5,Fillinthechartwiththeinformationgiveninthetext.,earnpartoralloftheirownlivings;developtheirtalentwithoutguiltorfear.,encourageclientstowork/liveabetterlife/earntheirownlivings.,Peoplewillthriveunderit.,cheat;bleedthesystemfore