高考英语写作专题指导.ppt

高考英语写作专题指导,兵团二中江涛2010.2,要做好书面表达，除加强语言基本功训练，提高交际能力、表达能力之外，还应注意以下应试策略；1.考试时间有限，必须合理安排，认真审清题目，围绕情景展开，2.写作务必切题，慎勿遗漏要点，切忌无限发挥，以免言多必失，3.传达信息准确，避免母语干扰，全篇统筹安排，力求通顺连贯，4.语言地道规范，复杂结构增色，高级词汇添彩，志在获得高分,一，选词原则,1词义要确切。应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。2选词要贴切。写作时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，使每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。3用词要通俗易懂。用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响表达效果。4用词要简洁有力。简洁是为了清晰，文章中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。因此写作时要避免用词重复嗦。5选词要多样化。用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力；而选词多样化可以增强语言的表现力，使文章的表达更丰富。,(1)HedidntcometothemeetingyesterdaybecausehewasillHisillnessaccountedforhisabsencefromthemeetingyestreday.(2)Whenhewasachild，hewantedtolearneverything(一般)Whenhewasachild，hehadastrongappetiteforknowledge.(3)Illthankyouifyouthinkaboutmyapplication(一般)Illappreciateitifyoucantakemyapplicationintoconsideration.(4)ManypeopleareworriedabouttheproblemofairpollutionTheproblemofairpollutionhascausedwidepublicconcern.5)Weallthinkthatairpollutionisaveryseriousproblem(一般)Thereisnodenyingthatairpollutionisanextremelyseriousproblem(高级),练一练：,1这件事情挺难的Thatisadifficult(demandingchallenging)job2听完讲座后，你们得用英语写一篇日记。Afterthelecture，youshould(aresupposedto)writeadiaryinEnglish3感谢你不辞劳苦地帮助我Ishouldthank(amawfullygratefulto)youfortakingsomuchtroubletohelpme.4.在老师的帮助下我的英语有了很大的进步Withthehelpofmyteacher,Ihavemadegreat(major)progressinEnglish.,二、造句原则,高考英语写作要求考生尽可能采用比较高级的表达方式以增加文章的表达效果，提高文章的表达档次。要实现这一目标，在句式运用上，考生就不能一味地使用简单句、陈述句，而应根据实际情况充分运用所学的各种句式，提升文章的品位。当然，考生不需要挖空心思，一味追求新、奇、难的语法，而只需掌握一些表达效果好、使用场合广、简便易行的较高级语法即可。我们可以采用以下几种方式：,一、合并单句，使语言由松散变凝练,例1:IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeast.Atthattime,anelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.修改：IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.例2：Icanfollowmyowninterests.Icanreadbooks,visitmuseumsandtakecomputerlessons.修改：Icanfollowmyowninterests,suchasreadingbooks,visitingmuseumsandtakingcomputerlessons.分析：运用并列连词，将意义相关的几个句子连接起来，或通过紧缩，去掉一些多余的成分，可以避免句子冗长累赘松散无力。上面两例通过一定的连接方式，使得句子结构紧凑、浑然一体。,二用复合句替换简单句，增强语言的逻辑感,例1:IheardthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.Iwasveryexcited.修改：IwasveryexcitedwhenIheardthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.例2：TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.修改：TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.分析：英语句子注重“形合”，所以句子的各个部分往往由各种关系词、连词连接在一起，使得句与句之间衔接自然，层次分明，逻辑感强。上面两例通过使用主从复合句代替向单句，也使行文更富文采。,三，改变句子的开头方式，增强书面表达的表现力,例1：Wemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogetherearlyinthemorning.修改：Earlyinthemorningwemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogether.例2：Whenyouarecrossingthestreet,youcannotbetoocareful.修改：Whencrossingthestreet,youcannotbetoocareful.例3：Thevolleyballplayerspracticedveryhardtowinthematch.修改：Towinthematch,thevolleyballplayerspracticedveryhard.例4：Thegirlwashardworkingandcareful,andshepassedthetest.修改：Hardworkingandcareful,thegirlpassedthetest.分析：句子的语序不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。适当地把一些成分提前置于句首，使句子有所变化，增强了文章的表现力。上述各例通过变换句子的开头，同样也增加了句子的节奏感和音律美。,四。运用固定句式，增强语言表达的思想性,例1:OurbraveAhFuhadsavedmylittlesister.修改ItwasourbraveAhFuwhohadsavedmylittlesister.例2：Weweregladtoseethecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell.修改：Howgladweweretoseethecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell!分析：一些特殊语句，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句、结果状语从句等带有强烈的情感色彩。例1使用了强调句型，突出表达了主人公对爱犬英勇救人的欣赏和赞扬。例2为感叹句，生动而形象地表达了看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人后的喜悦之情。,五。运用短语结构，使句子表达精练地道,例1:Itsasmallfiat.Its25squaremeters.Ithasabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.修改：Itsasmallfiatof25squaremeters,withabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.例2：MybrotherwasridingthebikeandIsatontheseatbehindhim.修改：Mybrotherwastidingthebikewithmesittingontheseatbehind.分析：适当地使用介词短语、名词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、同位语等结构，可以使句子显得更精练更地道、更有文采。上述两例分别使用了介词短语替代分句和“with+代词+复合宾语”结构，不仅句子言同意赅、简洁流畅，而且地道得多，,1.Itisnicetohearfromyouagain.Hownicetohearfromyouagain!2.Thesungivesoffheatandlight.Thismakesitpossiblefortheplantsontheearthtogrow.Thesungivesoffheatandlight,whichmakesitpossiblefortheplantsontheearthtogrow.3.Wehadtostandtheretocatchtheoffender.Whatwehadtodowastostandtheretocatchtheoffender.4.Youentertheparkbythemaingate.Youwalkstraighton.Youcometoastream.Youenterthepark,walkstraightonandthencometoastream5.Hewasdeepinthought.Heforgothislunch.Deepinthought,heforgothislunch.6.Hedidntknowmeatall.Iwasverysurprised.Tomygreatsurprise,hedidntknowmeatall.,三、行文策略,高分作文有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使得全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是非常重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言单位如果只是被随意地整合，则无法达到有效表达的目的。层次清楚、文理通顺是作文的基本要求，学会使用关联词，是提升书面表达质量的重要策略之一。下面表格中是写作经常用到的一些连接词：,(1)Wecantgo.Tobeginwith,itstoocold.Besides,welackmoney.(顺序)(2)Inconclusion,weshouldtakeintoaccounttheproblem.(结论)(3)Hewasabsentfromthemeetingowningtohispoorhealth.(原因)(4)Duetohightuitionfee,manypoorchildrenlosttheirchancesofeducation.(原因)(5)Incontrasttothecitylife,timeseemstopassslowlyinthecountryside.(对比)(6)Inadditiontothebeautifulscenery,touristscanenjoyavarietyofactivities.（递进）(7)Despitethehardships,heneverlostheart.（转折）(8)Inspiteofthefamehehadgained,heneverstoppedhiseffortsinhisresearch.(转折)(9)Wealthyasheis,helivesasimplelife.（转折）(10)Imagainstsmokingforthefollowingreasons.First,itsharmfultooneshealth.Second,itsawasteofmoneytobuycigarettes.Lastbutnotleast,itcausesairpollution.（顺序）,1）first,second,third,last（俗）2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（俗）3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast（俗）4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly(俗)5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally（强烈推荐）6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally（强烈推荐）7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast（强烈推荐）8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally（强烈推荐）9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（适用于两点的情况）10）foronething,foranotherthing（适用于两点的情况）总之，要提升文章的档次，就要使用较高级词汇、复杂句子结构以及恰当的连接词这样才能给人一种美的享受，才能在考试的评分中得到较高的档次。,NMET模拟写作示范：在日常生活中，因特网起着越来越重要作用。请根据下面表格中所给提示为某英文报社写一篇题为ontheinternet的征文稿件。,1、认真审题列出要点（句型、短语）1)playanimportantpartin2)readnewsathomeandabroad,getotherimformation3)sende-mails,maketelephonecalls4)studyonthenet,readbooks,teachoneselfforeignlanguages5)enjoymusic,watchballgames,playcomputergames,doshoppingwithoutleavinghomes2、选择适当的连词串句成文Aswellas,whatsmore,asas,andeven,or,also,范文展示,Asisknowntoall,theinternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.Ontheinternet,wecanreadnewsbothathomeandbroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailormaketelephonecallstoourfriendsaswellastoourfamilies.Whatsmore,wecanstudyonit,readingalotofbooksandeventeachingourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.,英语写作的基本套句,1.用于文章主题句（1）不用说Itgoeswithoutsayingthat（从句）=Itisneedlesstosay(that)（从句）=Itisobviousthat（从句）例如：不用说，早睡早起是值得的。Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitpaystokeepearlyhours.,(2)是不可能的，无法ThereisnoV.-ing.=ThereisnowayofV.-ing.=ThereisnopossibilityofV.-ing.=ItisimpossibletoV.=ItisoutofthequestiontoV.=NoonecanV.=WecannotV.例如：不可否认，成功的关键在于健康的身心。Thereisnodenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind.,(3)我深信Iamgreatlyconvinced(that)（从句）=Iamgreatlyassured(that)(从句)例如：我深信预防胜于治疗。Iamgreatlyconvincedthatpreventionisbetterthancure.(4)在各种之中,Amongvariouskinds=Ofallthe例如：在各种运动中，我尤其喜欢慢跑。Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular.(5)是很容易证明的。Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)（从句）例如：时间最宝贵是很容易证明的。Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime.(6)无论怎样强调都不为过。cannotbeoveremphasized例如：交通安全的重要性无论怎样强调都不为过。Theimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized.,(7)就我的看法；我认为Inmyopinion=AsfarasIamconcerned,例如：就我的看法，打电游既花费也有害健康。Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesupmuchtimebutalsoisharmfultoourhealth.（8）（A）每个人都知道Everyoneknows(that)（从句）(B)就我所知，Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned例如：就我所知，下列方法对我帮助很大。Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,thefollowingwaysareofgreathelptome.（9）根据我个人经验，Accordingtomypersonalexperience,=Basedonmypersonalexperience,例如：根据我个人经验，Accordingtomypersonalexperience,smilehasdonemealotofgood.,(10)在我认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比更值得我尊敬。OfallthepeopleIknow,Perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethan例如：在我认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比我的英语张老师更值得我尊敬。OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethanMissZhang,myEnglishteacher.(11)在我的求学过程中，我忘不了Inthecourseofmyschooling,Iwillneverforget例如：在我求学的过程中，我忘不了学习英语的巨大困难。Inthecourseofmyschooling,IwillneverforgetthegreatdifficultyIencounteredinlearningEnglish.(12)(A)随着人口的增加，Withtheincrease/growthofthepopulation,(B)随着科技的进步，Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology,例如：随着我国经济的快速发展，许多社会问题产生了。Withtherapiddevelopmentofoureconomy,alotofsocialproblemshavesurfaced.,2.用于文章承转句。,（13）那就是说;亦即Thatistosay,=Thatis,=Namely,例如：我们生活需要有规律。也就是说，早睡早起，戒除烟酒。Weneedtolivearegularlife.Thatis(tosay),wecankeepgoodhoursandrefrainfromsmokinginthedailyactivities.（14）我们有理由相信Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)例如：我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)corporalpunishmentshouldbestrictlyprohibited.,（15）事实上，Asamatteroffact,=infact例如；事实上，健康才是最重要的。Asamatteroffact，itishealththatcount.（16）（A）例如，Forexample,=Forinstance(B)以为例Takeforexample例如：例如，我们盲目地提高生活水准，却降低生活质量。Forexample,elevatethelivingstandardblindly,butlowerthequalityoflife.（17）此外，我们不应忽视Besides(inaddition),weshouldnotneglect例如：此外，我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。Inaddition,weshouldnotneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.,(18)相反的，Onthecontrary,=Bycontrast,例如：相反的，少数学生似乎还在虚度光阴。Onthecontrary,afewstudents,itseems,arestillfoolingaround.(19)另一方面，Ontheotherhand,例如：政府应严格执法，另一方面，大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。Thegovernmentshouldenforcelawsstrictly.Ontheotherhand,thepublicshouldalsodevelopthegoodhabitofreducingpollution.(20)换言之，Inotherwords,=Toputitdifferently例如：换言之，我会尽最大的努力达到我的目标。Inotherwords,Iwilltrymybesttoattain(gain;liveupto)mygoal.,3.用于文章结论句,（21）如果能实践这三点，Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice),例如：如果能实践这三点，他肯定能过上幸福的生活。Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice),hewillsurelybeabletoliveahappylife.(22)如此，我相信Inthisway,Ibelieve(that)(从句)例如：如此，我相信大家或许能