高考英语语法复习――主谓一致

主谓一致,来安县半塔中学梅崇兵,高考英语语法复习,主谓一致【考点概述】主谓一致是历年高考的必考考点之一。谓语动词的形式与主语在数上保持一致，大体上可以遵循三个原则，即：语法一致的原则、语义一致的原则和就近原则。主谓一致主要考查的内容有：集体名词做主语、总称名词做主语、单复数同形的名词做主语时谓语动词数的表达形式以及复合句中的谓语动词数的形式。【真题体验】1.（06，江苏卷）Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were,2.（05，上海卷）Oneandahalf_,whenwillheputthelengthyspeakingtoanend?A.hourhaspassedB.hourshavepassedC.hourhavepassedD.hourshaspassed3.（09，湖南卷，33）Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be4.（09，陕西卷，7）Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,_visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto,5.（06，陕西卷）Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted6.（07，海南卷）Haveyouheardthelatestnews?No,what_?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose7.（07，湖南卷）Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks_sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen8.（06，安徽卷）MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe,9.（07，陕西卷）Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea_.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair10.（05，山东卷）Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedawayKey:1.A2.D3.B4.A5.D6.A7.A8.B9.A10.D,【考点扫描】,考点一：并列主语的主谓一致1.两个单数名词由and或both.and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。例如：TomandIaregoodfriends.Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.2.and所连接的两个名词作主语如指同一个主体时，谓语用单数形式。例如：真题1，答案为A。又如：Trialanderroristhesourceofourknowledge.3.被every,each,no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数。其中，后一个限定词可以省略。例如：Nosoundand（no）voicehasbeenheardforalongtime.,4.由“oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：真题2，答案为D。但有些水果的名词例外，谓语用复数。5.一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语时，要根据语义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。例如：EnglishandAmericanliteratureareappealingtoher.英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。Simpleandplainlivingisafinequality.生活俭朴是一种美德。6.Morethanone/manya+单数名词虽有复数意义，但是谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如：Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasgonetotheplayground.7.由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据语义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数。例如：Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.,8.由or,nor,either.or,neither.nor,notonly.but(also)连接的并列主语通常遵循就近原则，谓语动词的单复数与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。如真题3谓语应与oneofyourstudents保持一致。答案为B。又如：NeitherInorheisinfavouroffatherssmoking.EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.9.当therebe后面接几个名词时，依据就近原则。例如：Thereisadesk，twochairsandabedintheroom.Therearetwochairs,adeskandabedintheroom.10.单数名词带有with短语作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数，如真题4，答案为A。考点二：几种特殊句式的主谓一致1.短语或从句作主语时，谓语用单数形式。例如：真题5，答案为D。又如：Collectingstampsismyfavoritehobby.Tostudyhardisyourdutynow.,Whenwewillstartisnotdecided.2.what或which引导的主语从句其主句的谓语动词与表语的数一致。例如：WhatIneedisacomputer.WhatIneedbadlyarereferencebooks.Whichareyourpicturebooks?3.强调句itis/was.that中，谓语总是用单数。例如：Itishewhotoldusthenews.4.在oneof+复数名词+who/which/that引导的定语从句中，one前面如果有theonly修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词与one保持一致，用单数形式。反之，one前面如果没有theonly，定语从句的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致，用复数。例如：Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball.,考点三：集体名词和物体名词作主语的主谓一致1.集体名词family,class,crew,team,group,public,audience,crowd,government,committee等作主语时，动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Theclassconsistsoftwenty-twoboysandtwentygirls.Theclassaredoingexperiments.Thewholefamilyaretravelingabroad.2.由两部分构成的物体名词如：trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,shorts,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但如果这类名词前用了apairof来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebagjustnow.Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.,3.有些名词形式为复数，意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。1）学科名词：maths,physics,economics等；2）专有名词：theUnitedStatesofAmerica等；3）以s结尾的不可数名词：news,goods,works等。如真题6，答案为A。考点四：数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致1.表示时间、重量、距离、价格和体积等名词的复数作主语时通常作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。例如：真题7，答案为A。又如：Twentyyearsisalongtimetous.Onethousandpoundsisalargesumofmoney.2.分数和百分数修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓,语形式用单数还是复数取决于他们表示的意义。例如：真题8，答案为B；真题9，答案为A。又如：Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aboutonethirdofthebookisfinishedbyme.3.由kind,form,type,species,portion,series等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是他们后面所跟的名词。例如：Thisnewtypeofmachineisnowonshow.Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.4.anumberof(许多),agroupof(一群，一组),avarietyof(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但是thenumberof（数目）和thevarietyof（种类）修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Thenumberofthestudentsofthisschoolisover3000.,AnumberofstudentsrealizetheimportanceofmasteringEnglish.5.aquantityof后既可接复数名词，也可接单数名词，如果aquantityof接不可数名词则谓语动词用单数形式，接复数名词则谓语动词用复数形式。quantitiesof接复数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。例如：真题10，答案为D。又如：Thereisalargequantityofmilk.Therearealargequantityofbooksinthelibrary.Greatquantitiesofmeatwerecarriedtothemarket.,【考点训练】,一、单项填空1.（09江苏卷，21）ThepopulationofJiangsu_tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing2.（09四川卷，17）Theteachertogetherwiththestudentsdiscussingthat_newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was3.（09江西卷，28）Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport_thatitwillbringalotjobstothearea.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were4.Hesaid,“Such_hisgreatthoughts.”A.isB.areC.hasD.being,5.Toknowandenjoythestars_nospecializedknowledge.A.requireB.requiresC.hasrequiredD.isrequiring6.Ontheplayground_ateacherandagroupofstudents.A.wereB.wasC.isD.stands7.AllbutLiuWei_ontime_class.A.was;forB.were;forC.was;toD.were;to8.Theconstructionofthetwobuildings_bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted9.Eachboyandgirl_tohaveagoodchanceinthefuture.A.wishesB.wishC.islikeD.like,10.Everybodyinourcountryside,menandwomen,youngandold,_thisgame.A.enjoysB.goinforC.joinsD.arefondof11.Thepublic_thebestjudgebecausethepublicalwaystheirthoughtscorrectly.A.are;expressB.are;expressesC.is;expressD.is;expresses12.There_littlechangeinmyhometown.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen13.Toplayfootballandtogoswimming_usefulforcharactertraining.A.hasB.isC.wereD.are14.Theteacherwithsomeofherstudents_toseetheheadmasterinhospitalthisweekend.,A.isgoingB.aregoingC.wasgoingD.weregoing15.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat_.A.hasmarkedB.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarkedD.hadbeenmarked二、根据所给提示完成下列句子16.Thispairoftrousers_（对我来说太长了，long）.17._（消息传来，come）thatwewilltraveltothewestnextmonth.18._（五十年过去了，pass）sincetheygotmarried.19.Mathematics_（有点难掌握，master）bythestudents.20.Those_（没交作业的，hand）,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.,【考点训练答案】一、单项填空1.A.本题考查时态和主谓一致。根据后一句时态的提示，可知前句应用现在完成时，且population在此为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数。2.D.考查主谓一致。主句主语名词带有介词短语，谓语应与该名词保持数的一致。第二空为定语从句的谓语应和被修饰的先行名词ReadingSkills（书名）保持一致。3.A.考查主谓一致及时态。oneof.是单数，排除B、D，陈述的是现时的情况，排除C。4.B