高中英语定语从句讲解详版(复习版)

修饰名词和代词的成分,定语:,abeautifulflower,atallboy,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,定语从句,thebestfilm,先行词,that,关系词,1定语从句：2先行词：3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有when,where,why等。,A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。,ThisisthefilmwhichIsawyesterday.,ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.,ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.,Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.,JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.,ThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight.,ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.,ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.,Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.,JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.,theAttributiveClause,who指hero和heroine，作主语,whom指man和woman，作宾语,whose指电影的，作定语,that指图片，作主语,which指电影，作宾语,Relativepron:（引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语）,主:who/that宾:whom/who/that定:whose,B:指物,主:which/that宾:which/that定:whose,A:指人:,关系代词:,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.,和我谈话的那个人，是我的老师。,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,我对他点头的那个男人是李先生。,3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,这些是去年种植的树。,这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的。,4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.,5.whose在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替his，her，their，its.whose指人也指物，指物时=ofwhich指人时=ofwhom,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue,.DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq.,如何选择关系代词?who,whom,whose,which,that口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语,用适当的关系代词填空：Thisisthehouse_wasbuiltlastyearTheboy_wesawyesterdaywasJohnsbrother.Thecar_myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.4.Thatistheman_wewerelookingfor.,which/that,(whom/that/who),(which/that),(whom/that),选择关系代词时要注意的地方：,“5+3”P101只用that不用which的8种规则,Weshoulddoeverything_isgoodforourstudies.Youcantakeanyseat_isfree.Thisistheonlything_wecando.Theisthefirstplace_Iwanttovisit.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_Ihaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_wewereinterestedin.7.Thereislittle_Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace_itusedtobe.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,Thisisthetrainby_wewenttoBeijing.Football,_isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.,which,which,只用which不用that的情况指物，1.介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中,1.who指_,作_（成分）,2.whom指_,作_（成分）,3.which指_，作_（成分）,4.that指_，作_（成分）,5.whose作_（成分），表_关系，翻译为_，用来代替_.whose指人也指物，指物时=_指人时=_,人,主、宾,人,宾,主、宾,主、宾,物,人、物,定语,所属,“他的/她的/它的”，,his，her，their，its,ofwhich,ofwhom,GrammarPreposition+whichPreposition+whom,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.,介词+关系代词,3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系ThatsthenewspaperforwhichIwritearticles.,2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImnotsure.,注意：介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替.,但遇固定词组时，介词一般不作前置,Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?,Fillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:1.Areyouinterestedinanysongs_youvelistened.2.Tomorrowisaparticularday_hisdaughterwillgetmarried.3.Thisistheknife_Iusuallycutbread.4.Wecantlivewithoutthesun_wegetheatandlight.5.Thesubject_Ericisinterestedisphysics.,towhich,onwhich,withwhich,fromwhich,inwhich,6.Doyouknowthegirl_ourheadteacherisshakinghands?7.Icantfindmydictionary_Ipaidover$100.8.Thisisthegoodcar_Ispentallmymoney.9.Sheistheteacher_allhisstudentsshowrespect.10.Theteacher_youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.,withwhom,forwhich,onwhich,to/forwhom,forwhom,RelativeadverbsWhen,where,why,Theusageoftherelativeadverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,状语,状语,状语,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.,onwhich(=ontheday),=,先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：Doyoustillrememberthedays_therewasnoelectricity?Doyoustillrememberthedays_wespenttogether?,when,(which/that),从句中缺少时间状语,从句中缺少宾语,vt.,“when”or“which”?1.Istillrememberthedays_westayedtogetherinBeijing.2.Istillrememberthedays_wespenttogetherinBeijing.3.Istillrememberthedays_weenjoyedourselvesinBeijing.4.Istillrememberthedays_weenjoyedinBeijing.,when,which,when,which,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich(=inthehouse),=,先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导从句来修饰，试比较：Theplace_Lucyonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.Theplace_IvisitedlastweekisinShangHai.,where,(which/that),从句中缺少地点状语,从句中缺少宾语,vt.,“where”or“which”?1.Thatbluehouseistheplace_Ilivedyesterday.2.Thatbluehouseistheplace_Ivisitedyesterday.3.Thatbluehouseistheplace_Ipaidavisityesterday.4.Thatbluehouseistheplace_Ipaidavisittoyesterday.,where,which,where,which,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,forwhich(=forthereason),=,先行词是thereason时并非都用whyThatsthereason_hewaslate.Thatsthereason_hegaveme.,why,(which/that),从句中缺少原因状语,从句中缺少宾语,vt.,“why”or“which”?1.Doyouknowthereason_hetoldmethenewslastweek?2.Doyouknowthereason_hetoldmelastweek?3.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslatethismorning?4.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslateforthismorning?,why,which,why,which,where,Theroom_heoncelivedisstillthere.2)Theroom_Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.,ComparisonRelativepronsorrelativeadvs,that/which,why,Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.2)Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.,when,that/which,Thereason_Idontknowisknowntohim.2)Thereason_IdontknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.,that/which,1.Herbag,_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.XiaoWang,_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.Myglasses,_Icantseeclearly,arenowheretobeseen,Thespeed_wildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.,inwhich,withwhom,withoutwhich,atwhich,Fillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:,Thebook_hepaid10yuaniswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.Heistheman_Ithinkyoucandepend.Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks_Iamnotveryfamiliar.,forwhich,onwhom,withwhich,需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句,Inordertogetstartedinthiscareer,Imwillingtoacceptanyposition(职位)_Icanshowmyabilities.,定语从句,状语从句,where,case(情况),situation(情形),point(程度),occasion(时机)，stage(阶段),1.Ioftencomeacrosssomecases_childrenareabusedbyadoptedparents.2.Ioftencomeacrosssomecases_arelookedintobythepolice.,Thefamilies_membersgetalongwellarealwaysharmonious.2.Thefamilies_consistofmanymembersarebigfamilies.,where,which/that,which/that,where,Wehavegottothepoint_wehavenothingtosaytoeachother.2.Icantunderstandthepoint_theteacherisexplaining.,Bungeejumpingisakindofactivity_couragemattersmorethanstrength.Bungeejumpingisakindofactivity_attractsmanyyoungpeople.,where,where,that/which,that/which,高考英语语法专题复习-定语从句as,3）as与which的区别as一般代替整个句子,作主语或宾语从句则可以放句首,句中或句尾,表示“正如”，“或像一样”只放在肯定句中,assbknow/see/expect/supposeasisknown/seen/expected/supposedasismentionedasisoftenthecase,thesame/such/so/as-as,ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.,thesame-asthesamethat,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.,as,that,as作主语或宾语(定语从句),that不作任何成分(结果状语从句),such/so-assuch/sothat,众所周知，地球是圆的。_isknowntoall,theearthisround.=_weallknow,theearthisround.=theearthisround,_isknowntoall.=_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.=_isknowntoallisthattheearth-,As,As,as/which,It,what,which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；表示“这一点，这件事”which从句不能放句首;,1_isknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.2Tomhasmadegreatprogress,_madeushappy.,对比练习,As,which,Hecamehereverylate,_wasunexpected(notexpected).Hecamehereverylate,_weexpected.,which,as,As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。,Heissuchagoodteacher_everystudentrespectshim.,Heissuchagoodteacher_everystudentrespects.,Ivefoundthesamepen_Ilostlastweek.,Ivefoundthesamepen_youboughtlastweek.,that,as,as,that,1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2).Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses,them,whom,which,him,易混句型,1.定语从句与并列句,解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。,Hehas3sons,noneof_liveshere.Hehas3sons,butnoneof_liveshere.,them,whom,Ilikethehouse,becausethedoorof_isbeautiful.Ilikethehouse,thedoorof_isbeautiful.,it,which,Ihavemanybooks,andmostof_areinEnglish.Ihavemanybooks,mostof_areinEnglish.,them,which,定语从句的“隔离”现象,1)Thewrongyouvedonetohimisterrible,for_Ithinkyoushouldmakeanapologytohim.A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that2)Thetimeisnotfaraway_moderncommunicationsw