十七《庄子》一则.pptx

,作者简介,庄子，名周，战国时宋国人，著名的思想家，文学家。道家学派的重要代表，与老子并称为“老庄”。道家的主要精神是崇尚自然，庄子对待生活的态度是：一切顺其自然，“安时而处顺”、“知其无可奈何而安之若命”、“清静无为”。政治上主张“无为而治”。庄子生活在一个社会矛盾极其尖锐的时代，做过漆园吏。他不满现实，不与统治阶级合作，据传楚王曾以千金相邀为相，被其拒绝。庄子对后人的影响主要是庄子一书。,庄子具有很高的文学价值。其文汪洋恣肆，想象丰富，气势壮阔。庄子共33篇，分内篇、外篇、杂篇。内篇7篇为庄子所作外篇15篇和杂篇11篇一般认为是其门人和后学者的伪作。庄子的文章，想像奇幻，构思巧妙，善用寓言和比喻，文笔汪洋恣肆，具有浪漫主义的艺术风格。它不仅有很高的哲学成就，对后世文学的发展也有着深远的影响。人们评价这本书为“文学的哲学、哲学的文学”。,逍遥游是庄子的首篇，在思想上和艺术上都可作为庄子一书的代表。“逍遥”也写作“消摇”，意思是优游自得的样子；“逍遥游”就是没有任何束缚地、自由自在地活动。逍遥游的主题是追求一种绝对自由的人生观，作者认为，只有忘却物我的界限，达到无己、无功、无名的境界，无所依凭而游于无穷，才是真正的“逍遥游”。,课文选的两则故事第一则选自内篇中的逍遥游第二则选自外篇中的秋水。标题是编者加的。,北冥有鱼,听读朗读,北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者，天池也。齐谐者，志怪者也。谐之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。,北冥有鱼,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,鲲（）徙（）抟（）南冥（）,kn,x,tun,mn,字词积累,北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。,北冥有鱼,北海有一条鱼，它的名字叫做鲲。鲲的体积巨大，不知道它有几千里。鲲变化成为鸟，它的名字叫做鹏。,同“溟”，海。,大鱼名,的,它的,鲲,用力鼓动翅膀,鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。,悬挂,的,鹏的脊背，不知道它有几千里长；奋起而飞时，它的翅膀像悬挂在天空的云。,是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者，天池也。齐谐者，志怪者也。,这只鸟啊，当海水运动时将要飞到南海去。南海，是个天然形成的水池。齐谐是一部记载怪异之事的书。,天然形成的水池,记载,到,迁徙,海水运动,这,怪异的事情,助词，不译，用于主谓间取消句子的独立性,旋风,拍打水面,离开,凭借,谐之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。,齐谐的记载说：“大鹏迁徙到南海时，翅膀击水而行，激起的波涛浪花有三千里它乘着旋风盘旋飞至九万里的高空，它离开北海是凭借着六月的大风。山野中的雾气，空气中的尘埃，都是生物用气息吹拂的结果。,助词，不译，用于主谓间取消句子的独立性,盘旋飞翔,风,山野中的雾气，奔腾如野马,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。,天空湛蓝，是它真正的颜色吗？还是因为天空高远而看不到尽头呢？大鹏从天空往下看的时候，也不过像人在地面上看天一样罢了。,想象高空俯视情景,真正的,同“耶”，疑问语气词，吗,代指大鹏,向下,这样,尽,湛蓝,表示选择,合作探究,1、说说文中讲了哪几层意思，作者笔下的“鹏”是个什么样的形象。2、在庄子的作品中，往往借用寓言故事说理，使文章生动活泼，寓意隽永，感染力强。文章借鲲鹏的寓言说明什么道理？,1、说说文中讲了哪几层意思，作者笔下的“鹏”是个什么样的形象。,第一层：鲲鹏形体之大，气象之宏。第二层：大鹏迁徙南冥的气势。第三层：作者仰观苍天，想象大鹏俯瞰大地，出发了一种天地浑茫的感慨。,硕大无比力大无穷志存高远善借长风,大鹏的形象如何呢？,2.在庄子的作品中，往往借用寓言故事说理，使文章生动活泼，寓意隽永，感染力强。文章借鲲鹏的寓言说明什么道理？,说明任何事物的存在都是依附于一定的条件，它们的活动都是有所凭借。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,这则故事以大鹏南飞作比喻，说明世上的万物无论大小，都受到不同的限制，处在不同的束缚之中，因此，大鹏状似逍遥，其实还没有达到真正的逍遥。,主旨归纳,一、重点词语积累1.重点实词(1)其翼若垂天之云垂:。(2)海运则将徙于南冥徙:。(3)水击三千里击:。(4)抟扶摇而上者九万里抟:。(5)去以六月息者也去:。(6)亦若是则已矣已:停止。,知识梳理,悬挂,迁移,拍打,盘旋飞翔,离开,矣：罢了,2.通假字(1)北冥有鱼通,意思。(2)其正色邪通,意思。,冥,溟,海,邪,语气词，呢，吗,耶,3.古今异义(1)怒而飞古义:，义:。