莎翁十四行诗赏析

2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,1,WilliamShakespeare(2):Sonnet,Sonnet:adefinitionTypesofsonnetTextualstudy:Sonnet18Sonnet29,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,2,Sonnet:adefinition,Asonnetisafourteen-linepoeminiambicpentameter.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,3,TypesofSonnet,Therearemainlythreetypesofsonnet:TheItalian(Petrarchan)sonnetTheEnglish(Shakespearean,Elizabethan)sonnetTheSpenseriansonnet,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,4,Type1:thePetrarchansonnet,Structure:anoctave(aneight-linestanza)followedbyansestet(asix-linestanza)Rhymescheme:abbaabbacdecdeor:abbaabbacdcdcdNote:Thistypeofsonnetisconstructedwithachangeofthoughtorturnbetweentheoctaveandthesestet,sothatthecontentandtheformareallied.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,5,Type2:theShakespeareansonnet,Structurethreequatrains(afour-linestanza)followedbyacouplet(apairofrhymedlines)RhymeschemeababcdcdefefggNoteShakespearewrote154sonnets.Thefirst126sonnetsarededicatedtoayoungman;sonnets127152arededicatedtoa“darklady”,andthefinaltwoareallegorical.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,6,Type3:theSpenseriansonnet,Structurethreequatrainsandacouplet,andthecoupletintroducesnewrhymesoundstothepoemRhymeschemetherhymeschemeinterconnectsthesoundofthethreequatrains:ababbcbccdcdee,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,7,Textualstudy:sonnet18,Whatisthestructure?Whatisthemeterlike?Whatisitsrhymescheme?Whatisthethemeofthissonnet?,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,8,ShallIcomparetheetoasummersday?,“Thee”inthislinemeans“you”.Thesonnetbeginswithaquestion:howcanIcompareyoutoasummersday?Andtheanswertothequestionfollowsupinthenextline.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,9,Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate,Youaremorelovely,youaremoregentle.Theyouthsbeautyismoreperfectthanthebeautyofasummerday.Hereinthisline,“moretemperate”meansmoregentle,morerestrained.Whydidthepoetsayyouaremorelovelyandmoregentlethanthesummersday?Thefollowinglinesgivetheanswer:,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,10,RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Today,themonthof“May”maybeconsideredasamonthinlatespring,butinShakespearestime,Maywasasummermonth,becausethecalendarinuselaggedbehindthetruesiderealcalendarbyatleastafortnight.darlingbudsofMay-thebeautiful,muchlovedbudsoftheearlysummer;favoriteflowers.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,11,Andsummersleasehathalltooshortadate,Heretheword“lease”isalegalterm.Itmeansthedurationofacontractgrantinguseoroccupationofpropertyduringaspecifiedperiodinexchangeforaspecifiedrent.Wetwohaveacontract.Youcanusemypenfor10days,andyouwillhavetogiveme2yuanfortheuseofit.Andthedurationofthisoneweekiscalledalease.Theoverallmeaningofthislineis“summerstimeistooshort.”,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,12,Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Sometime=onoccasion,sometimes;Theeyeofheaven=thesunSometimesthesunofheavenissohotthatitwillscorch.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,13,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,hisgoldcomplexion=his(thesuns)goldenface,thegoldensunshine.Quiteoften,thesunshinewillbedimmed.When?-whenitiscloudyorovercast.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,14,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,“Everyfair”inthislinemeans“allthebeautifulthings”andthesecond“fair”inthephrase“fromfair”means“thepreviousstateofbeauty”.Thislinetellsusthat“allofthebeautifulthingsoccasionallybecomeinferiorincomparisonwiththeiressentialpreviousstateofbeauty.Theyalldeclinefromperfection.”,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,15,Bychance,ornatureschangingcourseuntrimmed,“Bychance”means“bychanceaccidents”“Bynatureschangingcourse”means“bythefluctuatingtidesofnature”.Thefluctuatingtimesofnaturearenotsubjecttocontrol,sothepoetsays“natureschangingcourseuntrimmed”.Theword“untrimmed”inthislineisambiguousthiscanrefertotheballast(trimming)onashipwhichkeepsitstable;ortoalackofornamentanddecoration.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,16,Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,“Thyeternalsummer”refersforwardstotheeternitypromisedbytheeverlivingpoetinthenextfewlines,throughhisverse.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,17,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowst,owst=ownest,possess.Youreternalsummerwillnotloseitsholdonthatbeautywhichyousorichlypossess.Norshallyouloseanyofyourbeauty.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,18,Norshalldeathbragthouwanderstinhisshade,“brag”means“boast”,and“hisshade”means“theshadeofdeath.”Inclassicalliteraturetheshadeofdeathflittedhelplesslyintheunderworldlikegibberingghosts.Here,Shakespearesays:deathwillnotboastsofhisconquestsoveryourlife.Deathcannotmakeyoudie.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,19,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowst,ineternallines=intheundyinglinesofmyverse.totimethougrowstyoukeeppacewithtime,yougrowastimegrows.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,20,Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Foraslongashumansliveandbreatheupontheearth,foraslongasthereareseeingeyesontheearth.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,21,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee,“This”inthislinereferstothepoembythepoet.Aslongasthispoemofminewillbethere,itwillgiveyoulife;itwillmakeyourbeautyeverlasting.Summerisshort,butmypoemisimmortal,myimmortalpoemwillmakeyouimmortal.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,22,Sonnet18paraphrased,HowcanIcompareyoutoasummersday?Youaremorelovelyandmoregentle:WildwindtakeoffthetenderbuddinginthemonthofMay,andsummerstimeistooshort:sometimesthesunistoohotinsummer,andsometimesitscloudy.Everybeautifulthingwilldeclinefromtimetotime,everybeautyisaccidentallyornaturallystrippedoffgayapparel.Butyoureternalbeautywillnotfadeaway,oryoustillpossessthebeautyyouown.EvenDeathcannotmakeyoudie,sinceyouarelivinginmyeternalpoem.Solongastherearepeoplewhocanreadofmypoemaboutyou,andsolongasthispoemofminewillbethere,itwillmakeyourbeautyeverlasting.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,23,Sonnet18:itstheme,Inthissonnet,thepoetislookingforawayofdescribinghislovesbeauty.Thethemeofthepoemistopraisethepowerofpoem,i.e.,literaturethatwillkeeptransientbeautyeverlasting.HereShakespeareisimmortalizingtheyoungmaninthispoem.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,24,Textualstudy:sonnet29,Whatisthestructure?Whatisthemeterlike?Whatisitsrhymescheme?Whatisthethemeofthissonnet?,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,25,Whenindisgracewithfortuneandmenseyes,Tobeindisgracewithfortuneispresumablytobenotfavouredbyher(takingfortunetobethegoddess)Tobeindisgrace(in)menseyes-thispossiblyreferstosomeformofpublicdisapprobation,eitherrealorimaginary.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,26,Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate,beweep=weepfor,bewail;Likebewailandbeseem,thewordhasanarchaicandbiblicalflavour.myoutcaststate=myconditionofbeingasocialoutcast.Theconditionisprobablyexaggeratedforthesakeofeffect,andtoemphasizethatthespeakerseeseverythinginagloomylight.Fortunehasturnedagainsthimandhefeelsthathedoesnotbelonganymoretosociety.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,27,Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries,deafheaven-Heaven(God)turnsadeafeartohiscomplaintsandlaments.TheparallelisdrawnwithJobintheOldTestament,whowascastoutonadungheapandbewepthismournfulstate.bootless=tonoavail,achievingnothing.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,28,Andlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate,Andlookuponmyself-astheoutcastcontemplateshisownfallenstate.cursemyfate-anotherechofromtheBookofJobintheBible:(Job.III.1-4.)AfterthisJobopenedhismouthandcursedhisday.AndJobspakeandsaid:LetthedayperishwhereinIwasborn,andthenightinwhichitwassaid,Thereisamanchildconceived.Letthatdaybedarkness,letnotGodregarditfromabove,neitherletthelightshineuponit.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,29,Wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope,Wishingmyselftobelikeonewhoismorerichlyendowedwithallmannerofblessings,includingwealth.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,30,Featuredlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed,Featuredlikehim,likehim=withfeatureslikethisperson,likethissecondpersonhavingfriends,likethisthird,desiringhisskills(line7)etc.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,31,Desiringthismansart,andthatmansscope,thismansart=theskillthatoneparticularpersonhas;thatmansscope=thecapability,range,mentalabilitythatanotherparticularpersonhas.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,32,WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast,Itisunspecifiedwhathemostenjoys,butevidently,inhisdespondency,thingswhichoughttogivehimenjoymentdonotdoso.Theimplicationisthathenolongerenjoystheloveofhisbeloved,althoughthatideaiscountermandedbythefinalcouplet.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,33,Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,inthesethoughts=whileIamengagedinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising-andalmostconsideringmyselftobedespicableforbeingsocastdown.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,34,HaplyIthinkonthee,andthenmystate,Haply=bychance,byahappystrokeofluck;mystate=mymentalstate,withasuggestionalsothathisfortune,orthestateofaffairsinwhichhefindshimself,improves.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,35,Liketothelarkatbreakofdayarising,ThereisanechoofthisinCym.II.iii.20-1Hark!harkthelarkatheavensgatesings,AndPhoebusginsarise.,2020/6/9,PreparedbyTonySun,36,Fromsullenearth,singshymnsatheavensgate,sullen=gloomy,dark,miserable;Fromsullenearth-thephrasemaybetakenbothwiththisandwiththeprecedingline.Thelarkrisesfromsul