英语：定语从句复习课件上课用

GrammarRevisionoftheAttributive,Stepone定语从句的构成,两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.,=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.,先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词,先行词一般是名词或代词,关系词：引导定语从句的词,Step2.关系词的种类,关系代词关系副词,起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语,起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语,Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.,关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句,Step3.关系代词,Ihaveasister.+SheworksinShanghai.,=Ihaveasister_worksinShanghai.,Translate:他想要见的人在上海。,Hewantstoseetheman.+ThemanisinShanghai.,=Theman_hewantstoseeisinShanghai.,Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.,=Haveyoufoundthepen_youlostyesterday?,who/that,who/whom/that,(that/which),Doyouknowthegirl?+Hermotherworkshere.,=Doyouknowthegirl_motherworkshere?,Iliveinaroom.+itswindowfacessouth.,=Iliveinaroom_windowfacessouth.,whose,whose,=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.,ofwhichthewindow,ExercisesLookatthelady_nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.thatThosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichThegirl_couldsingwellwenttoEurope.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whom,Step4.关系副词,Thisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）,=Iwasbornthere（副词).,=Thisisthehouse_Iwasborn.,=_which,注意区别：Thisisthehouse_Iwasbornin.,(which/that),where,in,Wewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.,=Wewillneverforgettheday_wewillholdtheOlympicGames.,_which,注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyoulastyear.,(which/that),Idontknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.,=forwhich,when,on,判断先行词的步骤：,步骤一,辨别出先行词,步骤二,确定先行词在从句中所充当的成分,步骤三,查看有无特殊情况,注意：,1.Thankyouforthebookyougaveittomeyesterday.,在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。,what不能用于定语从句中,2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.,Tellmewhatyouknow.,that,tellsb.sth,3.在介词whom/which结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday_whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_whichthetrainleaves.,Thisisthehero_whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,根据先行词来判断,根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断,on,at,of,turntosb.forhelp,4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级）ofwhom/which结构中，表所属关系，”当中的”,Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.,which,There54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.,whom,5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：,that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句,why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidntattendthemeeting.,在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,_youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,as,Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.itB.thatC.whichD.he_isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,区别：a.which只能放在句末，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。,b.从意义上讲，which意为“这一点,而as却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已成了固定句型,如：,Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,Asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard,一、在下列情况下只用that，不用which先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不定代词时Thereisnothing(that)Icando.Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday.先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.,先行词被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是),thesame,thelast修饰时Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthehospital.ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that引导(that既可指人也可指物)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.,关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时,或先行词在主句中作表语Whatgreatchanges!Itisnotthecity(that)itwastenyearsago.,Who/Which/What.之后引导词用that,不用who或which,Whoistheladythatistalkingtoourteacher?,Whichisthebookthatyouwanttoread?,All_helearnedfromtheteachersisvaluable.Youcanfindalltheinformation_youneedontheInternet.Hetoldmeeverything_heheardatthemeeting.Sydneyisthefirstplace_IvisitedinAustralia.Thisisthemostamusing(惊讶的)story_Ihaveread.Theonlyinformation_Igotishisaddress.Thisistheverymoment_candecideyourfuture.Illneverforgetthebeautifulvillageandthekindvillagers_Ivisitedthesummerholiday.Whoistheman_isstandingbythewindow?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,1.非限制性定语从句Hecamelateagain,whichmademeangry.2.关系词前有介词ThisistheroominwhichChairmanoncelived.3.一个句子中含有两个定从，一个关系代词用that,另一个用whichLetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.,二、只用which,不用that,1.先行词one,ones,anyone,指代人ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshard.2.TherebeThereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou3.先行词在被分割的定语从句中ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdaywhocanspeakChinesewell4.一个句子中两个定从，一个用that,另一个whoThemanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodest.,三、修饰人只用who,不用that,四、引导词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数与所修饰的先行词保持一致。Thisisthegirlwho_(practice)thepianoeveryday.Hehasadaughterwho_(be)verypretty.Hehadtwodaughterswho_(be)beautiful.,practices,is,were,1.oneof结构中：Tomisoneoftheboyswhowerelate.Tomisthe(only/theonly)oftheboyswhowaslate.2.I,who_fondofmusic,decidetomajorinmusicatcollege.,am,五、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以把介词提前，介词+which/whomTheman_youtalkedtoisafamousactor.Themanto_youtalkedisafamousactor.Thebook_Iheardaboutwaswrittentenyearsago.Thebookabout_Iheardwaswrittentenyearsago.,whom/who/that/-,whom,which/that/-,which,1.Doyouknowthestudent_?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk2.Canyoutellmethebook_theotherday?A.youtalkedaboutB.aboutthatyoutalkedaboutC.thatyoutalkedD.whichyoutalked,C,A,但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后面，不提前。1.Thisisthewatchwhichhewaslookingfor.Thisisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking.2.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterarehealthy.Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingarehealthy.3.Thevillagethatshelivesinistwomiles.Thevillageinthatshelivesistwomiles.Thevillageinwhichshelivesistwomiles.,注意1.含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词whom,which前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，其在从句中作宾语的引导词who,whom,that,which可省。,但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等。例：Thebabies(who/whom)thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhappy.,2.where=at/in/to+whichwhen=at/in/on/during+whichwhy=forwhich例：Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.Theystoodatthewindow,fromwheretheycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.,六、当先行词为时间、地点名词，且从句中缺少时间、地点状语，用关系副词when,where引导从句。当先行词为reason,且从句中缺少原因状语，用关系副词why引导从句,Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoJixi.,when,Illneverforgetthetime_weworkedonthefarm.,when,Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.,where,Thefactory_hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.,where,Thiswasthereason_Iwaslate.,why,Tellthedifferencebetweenthem.1）Thisisthefactory(_makesshoes.)Thisisthefactory(_hisfatherworks.)Thisisthefactory(_wevisitedyesterday.)2）Theday(_Iwillneverforget)isJanuary30th.Icannotforgettheday(_Ijoinedtheparty).3)Pleasetellmethereason(_youarelate.)Hehastoldmethereason(_canexplainhisabsence(缺席)fromthemeeting.)Thereason(_hetoldus)wasnottrue.,which/that,where,which/that/-,which/that/-,when,why,which/that,which/that/-,七、,1.关系副词when和where引导的定语从句中，when和where可以用介词+which来代替，介词要根据与先行词的关系来确定。,Hewillremembertheyears_hestudiedatcollege.,when,/inwhich,Thisisthefarm_myfatherusedtowork.,where,/onwhich,2.关系副词why引导的定语从句中,why可以用for+which来代替,Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate?,1.Isthisthehospital_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inwhere2.Hisuncleworksinafactory_bicyclesaremade.AthatB.whichC.whereD.inthat3.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.AduringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich,C,C,A,九、表示整体中的一部分或中最的，介词一般也用of。both/all/some/分数/名词+of+whom/whichTheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.Chinahasmanyrivers,thelongestofwhichistheYangtzeRiver.,1.TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothof_arecollegestudents.2.TheGreenshavetwodaughters,andbothof_arecollegestudents.3.TheGreenshavetwodaughters.Bothof_arecollege%.,them,them,whom,八、whose引导的定语从句,形式为:whose+名词,表示所属关系,即某人的.或某物的.,如Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisascientist?Therearemanytreeswhoseleaveshavefallenbecauseofdisease.Thegirlwhosedressisredismysister.,表示所属关系时,介词用of,关系代词为which/whom,即the+名词+of+which/whom,可转换为whose+名词.Helivesinaroom,thewindowofwhichfaceswest.Helivesinaroom,ofwhichthewindowfaceswest.,whosewindowfaceswest.Thechildwassavedbyaman,thenameofwhomwasnotknown.Thechildwassavedbyaman,ofwhomthenamewasnotknown.,whosenamewasnotknown.,2.mostof+which/whom引导的定语从句属非限定性定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，除most外，还有many,some,any,all,none,several,few,both,half,themajority,anumber,theyoungest,three(数词)infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof,atthebottomof,onthetopof,atthefootof+which等。例：Heworksinamiddleschool,infrontofwhichthereisariver.,1.无关系代词that,只有whichwhowhom,十、在非限制性定语从句中,.在非限制性定语从句中的as,which,1).thesameas,suchas,soas,asas等结构中,只用asThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfatherspupils.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostyesterday.,3).as替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。,Themandiedlastnight,whichisalie.,2).as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样asiswellknown众所周知aswasexpected正如预料的那样ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样asisoftenthecaseasismentioned,Asisoftenthecase,hewinsthefirstintheexamination.,定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代I,谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。,易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分)Wedontbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定语从句，that作told的宾语),2.定语从句与状语从句。试比较：Heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace)Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句)Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句,suchthat“如此以致”),3定语从句与主语从句。试比较：Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句)4定语从句与强调结构。试比较：ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语)ItwasinthehousethatImettheyoungman.(本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.),1.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich,2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichCtheoneDatwhich,3.Thebook,thecover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich,4.ThisisMrSmith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x,5.Who_hasseentheTVfilmdoesntadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas,7.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich8.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas,9._haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend.A.ThosewhoB.HewhoC.ThatwhoD.Youwho,10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where,6.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated,定语从句可缩略为短语：1、缩略为分词短语有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（who,which）,例如：Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.2)Theboyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.3)Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：,5)ThemanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparkingThemanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.6)Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.Bill,havingtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.7)Now,however,thefurniturewhichtheyarecarryingdowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.Now,however,thefurniturebeingcarrieddowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.,2、缩略为形容词短语若定词从句为主体表结构，且表语由形容短词充当，可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词，从而使定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。例如：Themen(whowere)respo