英语语法讲解独立主格结构

,独立主格结构,独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）,1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.,2.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.,3.Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.,主格名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词）,主格名词/代词+形容词,1.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.,2.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.,主格名词/代词+副词,Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.,Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.,主格名词/代词+不定式,主格名词/代词+介词短语,OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.,with复合结构与独立主格结构,它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。,with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语,一、作时间状语,1、Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.,=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.,2、Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.,=Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.,二、作原因状语,1、Withtheweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.,=Theweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.,2、Withthekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.,=Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.,三、作条件状语,1、Withtimepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.,=Timepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.,2、Withthecargoingwrong,wellhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.,=Thecargoingwrong,wellhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.,四、作伴随状语,1、Themotherwascleaningthehousewithherbabyplayingonthebed.,=Themotherwascleaningthehouse,herbabyplayingonthebed.,2、LastnightIfollowedhim,withaswordinmyhand.,=LastnightIfollowedhim,swordinhand.,无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：,Hesatatthedeskreadingwithapenwasinhisrighthand.,with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.,Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.,=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.,高三英语总复习语法系列训练,独立主格结构,独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。,1表示时间：Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.Ourworkhavingbeenfinished,wewenthome.Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.,2表示原因：ItbeingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.Theweatherbeingfine,wewentforawalk.Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.,3表示条件：Timepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.Weatherpermitting,theywillstartatsixtomorrowmorning.,4表示伴随情况或补充说明：LastnightIfollowedhimhere,andclimbedin,swordinhand.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwiththecold.Ihaveboughtanewcoat,theoldonebeingwornout.,注：这种表示伴随情况的独立结构，有时也可用“with+宾语+分词（或形容词、介词短语）”构成的短语来代替。,with+复合宾语,一、形式：,1with+名词（或代词）+现在分词Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.Youcantleaveherewiththemachinerunning.Withhimtakingchargeofthetask,Ihavenodoubtofitssuccess.Withwintercomingon,itstimetobuywarmclothes.2with+名词（或代词）+过去分词Theoldmanwaslisteningtotheradio,withhiseyeshalfclosed.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Withthetreesgrowntall,wecangetmoreshade.Withtheworkfinished,allofuswentoutforawalk.Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.,3with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式Icantgooutwithallthesedishestowash.Withsomanybookstoread,Icouldntgooutwithyou.Withonlytwominutestogo,theyhurriedtothestation.Withallthisworktodo,IdontknowifIllhavetimetogoout.4with+名词（或代词）+介词短语Hewalkedalongwithhishatonthebackofhishead.Hesimplystaredatherwiththatpeculiarexpressiononhisface.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Shesawabrookwithredflowersandgreengrassonbothsides.,5with+名词（或代词）+形容词Themanwassleepingwiththewindowopen.Themotherdoesntallowherchildtotalkwithhismouthfull.6with+名词（或代词）+副词WithJohnaway,wevegotmoreroom.TheEmperorwalkedinthemiddleoftheprocessionwithnothingon.Thestudentlistenedtohisteacherwithhisheaddown.Withtheteacherthere,hecantwrite.,二、功能：,1作状语表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：Thedayisbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.Withthreepeopleawayill,wellhavetoclosetheofficethisafternoon.Whatalonelyworlditwouldbewithyouaway.2作定语（