初三英语定语从句用法详解及练习

Attributive子句的用法和细化一、属性子句的概念在复合句中修饰特定名词或代词的子句称为定语从句。修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词之后。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系语有关系代词和关系副词，一般关系代词有that、which、who(bing whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包where、when、why等。关系代词和关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时充当定语从句的重要组成部分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句和先行词的关系，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧接着先行词，宾语从句和逗号分隔，不能存储从句，非限制性定语从句主句和从句之间用逗号分隔，起到省略等补充说明作用，意义仍然完整。四、关系代词的使用1.that既可以用于人，也可以用于事物。子句可以用主语，宾语，主语的时候不能省略，宾语的时候可以省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。玛丽喜欢柔和的音乐。(that作为主题)the coat(that)I put on the desk is blue。我放在桌子上的那件大衣是蓝色的。(用宾语that)2.弯折用于事物，在句子中主语，宾语，主语不能省略，宾语可以省略。例如：the building which stands near the train station is a super market。位于火车站附近的那座建筑物是超市。(作为主语)the film(which)we saw last night was wonderful。我们昨晚看的那部电影看起来很好。(用宾语)Who，whom是指人，who是主题，whom是目标。可以使用who代替whom，也可以省略。例如：the girl who offen helps me with my English is from England .在英语方面经常帮助我的那个女人是英国人。(作为主语)who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is taling to？正在和李明说话的老师是谁？(用宾语):(1)定语从句包含介词，介词放在句子末尾时可以省略who，that，which，但介词放在关系代词之前时只能使用“介词which/whom”结构。例如：this is the house in which welived last year。这是我们去年住的房子。please tell me from whom you borrored the English novel。请告诉我从谁那儿借的这本英语小说。(2)在含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词只能位于原来的位置，不能前置。(。例如：this is the person whom you are looking for .这就是你要找的人。(3)that是介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它前面，只能放在子句中的动词后面。例如：the city that she lives in is very faraway。她住的城市很远。(4)关系词只能用于that :A.先行词被序数或形容词的最高级修改，或本身是序数、基数、形容词的最高级时，只能使用that，不能使用which。例如：he was the first person that passed the exam。他是第一个通过考试的人。B.包含所有、any、much、many、everything、anyhing、none、the one等非确定代词时为which。示例：只能使用that，不能使用：is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？店里有什么要买的吗？C.前置任务被the only、the very、the same、the last、little、few等单词变形时，使用which .示例：只能使用that，不能使用：This is the same bike that I lost .这是我丢的自行车。D.前置任务中包含人或物时，只能使用that，不能使用which。示例：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room。我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里看到的人和一些照片。E.引向who或which的特殊疑问句是为了避免重复。示例：Who is the girl that is crying？那个在哭的女人是谁？F.主要句子是there be结构，修改主题的attributive子句是that，而不是which。示例：there is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom .桌子上的那本书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能使用which，而that不是：A.前导单词使用which代替that，those使用which代替that。示例：Whats that which is under the desk？桌子下面的那些是什么？B.关系代词之前有介词的时候，一般用which代替that。示例：This is the room in which he lives。这是他住的房间。C.使用which代替that引导非限制性属性子句(例如：)汤姆坎柏，辉ch made us happy。汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的使用(1)when指时间，前置语指时间，在句子中用作时间副词。例如：This was the time when he arrived。他到达的时间。(2)where表示地点，前置语表示地点，在句子中用作位置副词。例如：This is place where he works。这是他工作的地方。(3)why是其先行词的原因，起到其原因副词的作用。例如：nobody knows the reason why he is oftenlate for school。没人知道他为什么上学总是迟到。I .填写单个空格。1-do you know the man _ _ _ _ is taling with your father？-Yes，hes our headmaster。A.he B. who C. which D. whom2.Is this the river _I can swim？A.which B. in which C. that D. the one3.this is the best hotel in the city _ _ _ _ I know。A.where B. which C. that D. it4.can you lend me the dictionary _ _ _ _ _ _ the other day？A.that you bought B. you bought itC.that you bought it d . which you bought it5.any one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with what I said may put up you hands。A.which agrees B. who agreeC.who agrees D. which agree6.my watch is not the only thing _ _ _ _ is missing。A.that B. it C. which who7.the man _ _ _ _ _ coat is black is waiting at the gateA.whos B. whose C. that of which .8.the girl _ _ _ _ _ is reading under the tree _ _ _ my sister。A.whichIs B. whomWas C. whoIs D. whoWas9.I love places _ _ _ _ _ _ the people are really friendly。A.that B. which C. where D. who10.the world _ _ _ _ _ is made up of matter。A.in that we live B. on which we liveC.where we live in D. we live in二.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。1.the first thing _ _ _ _ _ you must do is to have a meal。2.April 1st is the day _ _ _ _ is called April fool s day in the west .3.the family _ _ _ _ had lost