Cohesion-and-Coherence----衔接与连贯PPT课件

CohesionandCoherence衔接与连贯,CohesionandCoherence衔接与连贯,Whatiscohesion?TypesofthecohesionWhatisthecoherence?Relationshipsbetweencohesionandcoherence天净沙秋思分析,语篇的衔接手段,语篇就好比是一棵大树一个条理清晰，上下连贯（语篇特征）的整体，那么语篇是靠什么形成的呢？靠衔接手段。,WhatisCohesion?,Cohesionisasemanticconcept,itreferstorelationsofmeaningthatexistwithinthetext.(Hallidaytheydbeenchecked.Yetthetotalcameoutwrong.(adversative)Wemaynotbeabletosetuppermanentdecisions.Therefore,itseemstomethatwemusttake,sofaraswecan,sofaraswecan,apictureoftheworldintoourminds.（casual）Thefirstmanlandedonthemoon.Atthesamemoment,ayoungboydiedinAlabama.(temporal),英语逻辑关系表示法,1.先后或列举：first,second;foronethingforanother;inaddition/besides等。2.因果：asaresult/thus/sobecause/等。3.特例或举例：inparticular;forexample;thatis等。4.转折：But/however/yet/nevertheless;ontheotherhand等。5.引出结论：inconclusion/finally等。6.表示频率：frequently/often;occasionally等。7.表示阶段：during;briefly;foralongtime;formanyyears等。8.表某一时刻：lastSunday;in2005;atsixoclock;twomonthsago等。9.表示开端：inthebeginning;beforethen等。10.表示其间：inthemeantime/atthesametime等。11.表示结束：eventually/finally/atlast/intheend等。,四、lexicalcohesion词汇衔接,由词汇的重复，及其之间的语义关系所建立起来的衔接关系，包括重现、同义、反义、上下义、整体部分义，以同一语义场的词汇搭配所建立起来的衔接关系。1、Theyoungmandoesnotlikebears,soyesterdayintheparkhegavethebearsomepoisonousfoodtoeat.2、Toerrishuman;toforgivedivine3、Andsingsasolitarysong,Thatwhistlesinthewind.Bearbears:重现Errforgive:反义Singwhistle:搭配,表1：衔接在英语描述中的地位(Halliday&Hasan,1976),Coherence,Whatiscoherence?Coherenceinlinguisticsiswhatmakesatextsemanticallymeaningful.Itisespeciallydealtwithintextlinguistics.,ConceptsofCoherence：,Textvs.DiscourseTextureThenotionofCoherence,Thetermtextisusedinlinguisticstorefertoanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatdoesfromaunifiedwhole.Itmaybeanythingfromasingleproverbtoawholeplay,fromamomentarycryforhelptoanall-daydiscussiononacommittee.(HallidayandHasan,1976)Some(Coulthart)thinkthattextonlyreferstowrittenlanguage,notincludingspoken.Leechemploysthetermdiscoursetorefertocommunicativelanguage.,Textvs.Discourse,Texture,Asemanticallycoherenttextmusthavetexture.Texturedistinguishestextandnon-text.A:Howoldisyourson?B:Heisseven.A:Howoldisyourson?B:Sheisplayinginthegarden.(2)issemanticallyincoherent,shehasnoreferent.,ThenotionofCoherence,Weshouldfirstrealizewhatcoherenceintuitivelymeansforlanguageusers.(normal,understandable)Coherencemayalsobetakenaspredictednotofasentence,butofpairs,triplesofsentencesoroffragmentsorthewholeofadiscourse.Coherencemayalsobepredictedofasentencerelativetothewhole.,e.g.,ClaireandKentclimbedMt.McKinleylastsummer.Shephotographedthepeak,andhesurveyedit.,-,30,CohesionandCoherence,-,31,天净沙秋思马致远,枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。,天净沙秋思,-,32,天净沙秋思马致远,划分节奏,枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。,-,33,天净沙秋思赏