英美概况_美国概况

SurveyoftheU.S.,2,TheU.S.A,3,contents,Partone:GeographyParttwo:History,4,Geography,ChapterI:ageneralintroductionChapterII:populationChapterIII:thefiftyStatesChapterIV:thedevelopmentofAmericanEconomyChapterV:themaincities,5,History,ChapterI:colonizationofNorthAmericaChapterII:theAmericanWarofIndependenceChapterIII:thegrowthoftheNationChapterIV:theAmericanCivilWarChapterV:theU.SImperialism2.TheGrandCanyon,Arizona;3.YosemiteNationalPark,California;4.Redwoodsforestsalongthecoastline;5.TheDeathValley,California;,15,2.theThreeMajorRiverSystem2.Northwesternpacificcoast:90%3.TheNorth:4.TheSouth:,26,Waterresources,ColumbiaRiver4)theGulfofMexico3.Thecharacteristicsofthepopulation:1)diversity-culturalpluralism2)uniformity(assimilation)languagehabits2)Majorindustries:p284.Mainfeaturesofitseconomy1)Highlymonopolizedfeaturingbigcorporationsp272)Smallenterprisesareveryimportantandessentialp28,48,ChapterIVtheMainCities,1.WashingtonD.C.7.Houston2.NewYorkCity8.SanFrancisco3.Chicago9.Boston4.LosAngeles10.Pittsburgh5.Philadelphia11.St.Louis6.Detroit,49,WashingtonD.C.1.ThepositionthecapitaltheheadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem2.location.3.thename:4.theCapitalHill,theCapitol.theeasternshoresofthepresentU.S.,89,C.FrenchexplorationSt.Lawrenceriver,thegreatlakes,thewholeMississippivalleythefirstpermanentcolony:Quebec:D.Dutchexplorations:HudsonRiverManhattan,90,FrenchexplorationPurifythecorruptionsinRomanCatholicChurchaswellasoneslifeandname;SimplifyCatholicceremoniesLookuponfunthattheyareAbsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalconnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreatBritain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichIndependentStatesmayofright,108,独立宣言我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。-摘自独立宣言,109,Later,JohnHancockreferstosomeonessignature,so“yourJohnHancock”meansyoursignature.,“yourJohnHancock”,110,4.progressoftheWar:1775-17831)theWarinthenorth:thebattleofTrentonThebattleofMonmouth2)TheturningpointoftheWarthevictoryofSaratoga:3)HelpfromFranceagreatdiplomaticandmilitaryvictory.,111,SaratogaBattle,Time:1777GeneralBurgoynev.sGeneralHoratioGates,112,4)TheWarintheWest5)TheWarintheSouth:-Yorktownbattle:6)TreatyofParisSep,3rd,1783.,Canada,Florida,Mississippi,113,YorktownBattle,Time:1781Cornwallisv.sWashingtonAmerican-FrenchAlliance,114,5.Thesignificance:p696.TheConfederationandtheConstitution:1)Confederationperiod,1783-17892)themakingoftheConstitution,1787A.thebackground:B.thestructureofthegovernment:theexecutivethejudicialthelegislativeHouseofRepresentativeSenate,115,C.TheBillofRights:FederalistsAnti-federalistsJohnHamilton.ThomasJeffersonTheFirstTenAmendments-theBillofRights.3)Thefirsttwopoliticparties:theFederalistsv.stheRepublicans.,116,twoaspectsofAmericanpolitics:-theneedforastrong,efficientcentralauthority-theneedtoensureindividualliberties.,117,ChapterIIIthegrowthofthenation,1.WashingtonsAdministration&theFederalistsgovernment2.JohnAdams&theoverthrowofFederalists3.ThomasJeffersonsAdministration4.TheWarwithEngland1812-145.theAdministrationofJamesMonroe&JohnAdams6.AndrewJacksonsAdministration&theU.S.MexicanWar,118,1.WashingtonsAdministration&theFederalistsgovernment:1)theinauguration2)theestablishmentofCabinet&theSupremeCourt3)measuresstrengtheningcentralgovernment&theconflictsbetweenFederalistsandRepublicans2.JohnAdams&theoverthrowofFederalists,119,3.JeffersonsAdministration1)thefirstpresidentinauguratedinWashington2)tookmeasurestodeveloptheyoungnationboughtLouisianafromFrance,120,4.TheWarwithEngland1812-14-theSecondWarofIndependence1)Thebackground2)Results:TreatyofGhent3)Significance:,121,5.theAdministrationofJamesMonroe&JohnAdams-threeimportantissues:1)slavery:2)MonroeDoctrine3)thePoliticalQuarrelbetweenE&W,122,6.AndrewJacksonsAdministration&theU.S.MexicanWar1)AndrewJacksonsAdministration:A.backgroundB.theroleJacksonplaye