The Route to Project Success(英文版)(ppt 52页).ppt

AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,TheRoutetoProjectSuccess,DevelopedforEffatCollege,January2003DataManagementConsultancy,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CONTENTS,Introduction:FactsandFiguresaboutISsuccessandfailureWhatisanInformationSystemstrategyUnderstandingdifferenttypesofISprojectsProjectsuccessandfailure,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SESSIONONE,Introduction:Facts&FiguresaboutISprojectfailuresDefiningInformationSystemsStrategy,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,IfbuildingconstructionhadthesameratioofcancellationsasITprojects,morethanhalfoftheofficebuildingsintheworldwhichwerelargerthan30storiestallwouldbeabandonedbeforecompletion.TheaverageheightofbuildingsinNewYorkCitywouldbeonlythreestoriesandtherewouldbenoskyscrapersatall.,AnInterestingFACT,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ProjectSuccessandFailures:Statistics,TheRobbins-GioiaSurvey,USA.232surveyrespondentsfromdifferentindustriesincludinggovernment,IT,Communications,financial,utilities,andhealthcare:51%viewedtheirERPimplementationasunsuccessfulKPMG,Canada.Thesurveycovered1,450publicandprivatesectororganizations:Over61%oftheITprojectsthatwereanalyzedweredeemedtohavefailed,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ProjectSuccessandFailures:Statistics,TheChaosreport,USA.Thesurveycovered8,380applicationsthroughITexecutivemanagersinlarge,medium,andsmallcompaniesacrossmajorindustrysegments:banking,securities,manufacturing,insuranceandgovernmentorganizations:31%oftheprojectswillbecancelledbeforetheyevergetcompleted52.7%ofprojectswillcostover189%oftheiroriginalestimatesOnly16.2%ofsoftwarewerecompletedon-timeandon-budget,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Statisticcont.,TheOASIGstudy,UK.Samplebasedon45expertsemployedbyuniversitiesandconsultancies.Thebottomlineis:7outof10ITprojects“fail”insomeaspect.Seventy-fourpercentofallITprojectsfail,comeinoverbudgetorrunpasttheoriginaldeadline.28percentofprojectsfailaltogether.Source:TheStandishGroupEveryyear,$75billionisspentonfailedITprojectsintheU.S.Source:TheStandishGroup,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SessionTwo,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,DefiningInformationSystemsStrategy,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,WhatisanInformationSystem?,MaincomponentsTechnologyPeopleOrganization/businessData,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Strategy,SimpledefinitionKnowingwherewearenowKnowingwherewewanttobeandknowingroughlyhowtogetthere,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,InformationSystemsStrategy,Businessstrategy,InformationSystemsstrategy,InformationTechnologystrategy,WhereareweGoing,andwhy?,Whatisneededtodoinordertoachievethebusinessobjectives?,HowcanwedeliverThebusinessobjectives?,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SessionTwo,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,LetusunderstanddifferentkindsofISprojects,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,WHYDOWEUSEIT?,?,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,DifferentKindsofInformationSystems,Somecontribute-simpleefficiencySomecontribute-competitiveadvantageSomecontribute-relativelylittleSomearepurely-experimental,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Thereisaframeworkthatcanhelpustoorganizeourthoughts:,BenefitsWhatismostimportanttodoResourcesWhatiscapableofbeingdoneRisksWhatislikelytosucceed,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,TheApplicationsPortfolio,Strategic,HighPotential,KeyOperational,Support,Evolutionary,Effectiveness,Exploratory,Efficiency,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ApplicationPortfolio:Strategic,DrivingForces:FuturebusinessorcompetitiveadvantageExternalfactors(market,competition)Change!Examples:Salesforecastingsystem/studentintakeAPC-basedsystemusedbysalespeopletocapturebusinessnewcustomersLinkstosupplierforJust-In-Timedelivery,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ApplicationPortfolio:KeyOperational,DrivingForces:CoreactivitiesofthebusinessIfthesystemfailsthebusinesshasimmediateandsignificantproblemsleadingtobusinessdisadvantageHighqualityandeffectivedatamanagementExamples:ticketingsysteminanair-linecompanyproductionschedulinginamanufacturingcompany,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ApplicationPortfolio:Support,DrivingForces:PerformanceofspecificbusinesstasksProductivityorefficiencyimprovementsmainlyeconomicbenefitsToenableresources(people)tobeusedmoreappropriatelyTheyareNOTcriticaltothebusinessExamples:Generalaccounting,personnelrecord-keeping,expensereportingsystem,etc.Oftenusingspreadsheetsandpackagedsoftwaretosatisfymostneeds,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ApplicationPortfolio:HighPotential,DrivingForces:AnewbusinessideaortechnologyopportunityBenefitsareunknownNeedtodemonstratevalueNottoolongortoocostlyPrototypeExamples:TheevaluationofimageprocessingtechnologyfordocumentmanagementThefeasibilityifusingexpertsystemstomodelthebehaviorofcompetitors,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,TheApplicationsPortfolio,TimeQualityCost,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,TheApplicationsPortfolio(TQM),Strategic,HighPotential,KeyOperational,Support,TimeQualityCost,R&Dprojects(whattypeofbenefits?),TimeQualityCost,TimeQualityCost,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,IsYourProject:,StrategicKeyOperationalSupportHighPotential,?,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,TheApplicationsPortfolio(TQM),Strategic,HighPotential,KeyOperational,Support,BANNER,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Sessionthree,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Success&Failure:FactorsProjectlifeCycleMeasures,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,WhyDoITProjectsFail?,?,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Categories,TechnologyHardware/software/networkManagementOrganization,projectPeopleManagement,users,ITDataAvailabilityandvalidity,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,40CriticalSuccessFactors,TechnologyFactors:EaseofuseEnhancibilityCurrenttechnologyProventechnologyOpennessofthesystem(OSI)Off-the-Shelf,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CSFS,ManagementFactors(organization):ClarityofbusinessobjectivesOrganizationalstructureInternalCommunicationOrganizationpreviousITexperienceISstrategyITstandardsISchampionSufficiencyoffinancialresourcesGovernmentgeneralregulations,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CSFS,ManagementFactors(project):RealisticprojectobjectiveAccuratestatementofrequirementsStableuserrequirementsSufficienttimeforcompletionConsideringhiddencostsUsertrainingTechnicaltrainingProjectmanager,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CSFS,ManagementFactors:ProjectmanagementmethodologyUseofindependentconsultantSupplieranalysisSuppliercompetenceClient-supplierrelationshipContracttermsPilotingtheprojectFeasibilitystudy,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CSFS,PeopleFactors:TopmanagementITawarenessITmanagersbusinessunderstandingITstafftechnicalcapabilitiesUsermaturityUseracceptanceUserinvolvementTopmanagementsupport,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CSFS,DataFactors:DataavailabilityDatavalidity,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,CriticalSuccessFactorsTechnologyVs.Non-Technology,Non-Technology85%Technology15%,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SessionFour,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ProjectLifeCycle,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ProjectLifeCycleInitiationImplementationService,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,ProjectLifeCycle,Phase1:Initiation-Recognitionofaneed-Specificationofrequirements-Invitationtosupply-Evaluationofoffers-Adoptiondecision-Selection,Phase2:Implementation-Systemdesign-Systemdevelopment-Training-Installation-Testing-Acceptance,Phase1:Service-Delivery-Impactontheorganizationorindividuals,Signingthecontractwiththesupplier,Acceptancetest,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,Success&Failure,SuccessMeasures,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,WhatisSuccess?,?,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SuccessMeasures,ElementstobeconsideredPeopleperceptionNatureoftheprojectPhaseoftheproject,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,8SuccessMeasures,BusinessfeasibilityTechnicalfeasibilityOn-timeWithinBudgetSystemperformanceUsersatisfactionImpact(organization&individuals)Actualuse,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SuccessMeasures&ProjectLifeCycle,AliJawad,DataManagementConsultancy,2003,SuccessMeasures,ServiceUsersatisfactionImpactontheorganizationandindividualsActualuse,InitiationBusinessfeasibilityTechnicalfeasibility,Implemen