MINITAB版本13介绍.ppt

,INTRODUCTIONTOMINITABVERSION13,天马行空官方博客：,WorksheetConventionsandMenuStructuresMinitabInteroperabilityGraphicCapabilitiesParetoHistogramBoxPlotScatterPlotStatisticalCapabilitiesCapabilityAnalysisHypothesisTestContingencyTablesANOVADesignofExperiments(DOE),MinitabTrainingAgenda,WorksheetFormatandStructure,SessionWindow,WorksheetDataWindow,MenuBar,ToolBar,TextColumnC1-T(Designatedby-T),NumericColumnC3(NoAdditionalDesignation),DataWindowColumnConventions,DateColumnC2-D(Designatedby-D),天马行空官方博客：,ColumnNames(Type,Date,Count&Amount,DataEntryArrow,OtherDataWindowConventions,MenuBar-MenuConventions,HotKeyAvailable(Ctrl-S),SubmenuAvailable(attheendofselection),MenuBar-FileMenu,KeyFunctionsWorksheetFileManagementSavePrintDataImport,MenuBar-EditMenu,KeyFunctionsWorksheetFileEditsSelectDeleteCopyPasteDynamicLinks,天马行空官方博客：,MenuBar-ManipMenu,KeyFunctionsDataManipulationSubset/SplitSortRankRowDataManipulationColumnDataManipulation,MenuBar-CalcMenu,KeyFunctionsCalculationCapabilitiesColumnCalculationsColumn/RowStatisticsDataStandardizationDataExtractionDataGeneration,MenuBar-StatMenu,KeyFunctionsAdvancedStatisticalToolsandGraphsHypothesisTestsRegressionDesignofExperimentsControlChartsReliabilityTesting,天马行空官方博客：,MenuBar-GraphMenu,KeyFunctionsDataPlottingCapabilitiesScatterPlotTrendPlotBoxPlotContour/3DplottingDotPlotsProbabilityPlotsStem&LeafPlots,MenuBar-DataWindowEditorMenu,KeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsDataBrushingColumnSettingsColumnInsertion/MovesCellInsertionWorksheetSettings,Note:TheEditorSelectionisContextSensitive.Menuselectionswillvaryfor:DataWindowGraphSessionWindowDependingonwhichisselected.,MenuBar-SessionWindowEditorMenu,KeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsFontConnectivitySettings,MenuBar-GraphWindowEditorMenu,KeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsBrushingGraphManipulationColorsOrientationFont,MenuBar-WindowMenu,KeyFunctionsAdvancedWindowDisplayOptionsWindowManagement/DisplayToolbarManipulation/Display,MenuBar-HelpMenu,KeyFunctionsHelpandTutorialsSubjectSearchesStatguideMultipleTutorialsMinitabontheWeb,MINITABINTEROPERABILITY,MinitabInteroperability,Excel,Minitab,PowerPoint,StartingwithExcel.,Loadfile“Sample1”inExcel.,StartingwithExcel.,ThedataisnowloadedintoExcel.,StartingwithExcel.,HighlightandCopytheData.,MovetoMinitab.,OpenMinitabandselectthecolumnyouwanttopastethedatainto.,MovetoMinitab.,SelectPastefromthemenuandthedatawillbeinsertedintotheMinitabWorksheet.,UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis.,LetssaythatwewouldliketotestcorrelationbetweenthePredictedWorkloadandtheactualworkload.SelectStatRegression.FittedLinePlot.,UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis.,Minitabisnowaskingforustoidentifythecolumnswiththeappropriatedate.Clickintheboxfor“Response(Y):Notethatouroptionsnowappearinthisbox.Select“ActualWorkload”andhittheselectbutton.,Thiswillenterthe“ActualWorkload”dataintheResponse(Y)datafield.,UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis.,NowclickinthePredictor(X):box.Thenclickon“PredictedWorkload”andhittheselectbuttonThiswillfillinthe“Predictor(X):”datafield.Bothdatafieldsshouldnowbefilled.SelectOK.,UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis.,Minitabnowdoestheanalysisandpresentstheresults.NotethatinthiscasethereisagraphandananalysissummaryintheSessionWindowLetssaywewanttousebothinourPowerPointpresentation.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,Letstakecareofthegraphfirst.GotoEdit.CopyGraph.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,OpenPowerPointandselectablankslide.GotoEdit.PasteSpecial.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,Select“Picture(EnhancedMetafile)Thiswillgiveyouthebestgraphicswiththeleastamountoftrouble.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,OurMinitabgraphisnowpastedintothepowerpointpresentation.Wecannowsizeandpositionitaccordingly.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,NowwecancopytheanalysisfromtheSessionwindow.Highlightthetextyouwanttocopy.SelectEdit.Copy.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,Nowgobacktoyourpowerpointpresentation.SelectEdit.Paste.,TransferringtheAnalysis.,Wellwegotourdata,butitisabitlarge.Reducethefontto12andweshouldbeok.,Presentingtheresults.,Nowallweneedtodoistunethepresentation.Herewepositionthegraphandsummaryandputintheappropriatetakeaway.Thenwearereadytopresent.,GraphicCapabilities,ParetoChart.,LetsgenerateaParetoChartfromasetofdata.GotoFileOpenProject.LoadthefilePareto.mpj.NowletsgeneratetheParetoChart.,ParetoChart.,Goto:StatQualityToolsParetoChart.,ParetoChart.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:OurdataisalreadysummarizedsowewillusetheChartDefectstable.Labelsin“Category”Frequenciesin“Quantity”.AddtitleandhitOK.,ParetoChart.,MinitabnowcompletesourparetoforusreadytobecopiedandpastedintoyourPowerPointpresentation.,Histogram.,LetsgenerateaHistogramfromasetofdata.GotoFileOpenProject.Loadthefile2_Correlation.mpj.NowletsgeneratetheHistogramoftheGPAresults.,Histogram.,Goto:GraphHistogram,Histogram.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:SelectGPAforourXvalueGraphVariableHitOK.,Histogram.,MinitabnowcompletesourhistogramforusreadytobecopiedandpastedintoyourPowerPointpresentation.Thisdatadoesnotlooklikeitisverynormal.LetsuseMinitabtotestthisdistributionfornormality.,Histogram.,Goto:StatBasicStatisticsDisplayDescriptiveStatistics.,Histogram.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:SelectGPAforourVariable.SelectGraphs.,Histogram.,SelectGraphicalSummary.SelectOK.SelectOKagainonthenextscreen.,Histogram.,NotethatnowwenotonlyhaveourHistogrambutanumberofotherdescriptivestatisticsaswell.Thisisagreatsummaryslide.Asforthenormalityquestion,notethatourPvalueof.038rejectsthenullhypothesis(P.05).So,weconcludewith95%confidencethatthedataisnotnormal.,Histogram.,Letslookatanother“Histogram”toolwecanusetoevaluateandpresentdata.GotoFileOpenProject.Loadthefileoverfill.mpj.,Histogram.,Goto:GraphMarginalPlot,Histogram.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:Selectfiller1fortheYVariable.SelectheadfortheXVariableSelectOK.,Histogram.,NotethatnowwenotonlyhaveourHistogrambutadotplotofeachheaddataaswell.Notethatheadnumber6seemstobethesourceofthehighreadings.ThistypeofHistogramiscalleda“MarginalPlot”.,Boxplot.,LetslookatthesamedatausingaBoxplot.,Boxplot.,Goto:StatBasicStatisticsDisplayDescriptiveStatistics.,Boxplot.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:Select“filler1”forourVariable.SelectGraphs.,Boxplot.,SelectBoxplotofdata.SelectOK.SelectOKagainonthenextscreen.,Boxplot.,WenowhaveourBoxplotofthedata.,Boxplot.,ThereisanotherwaywecanuseBoxplotstoviewthedata.Goto:GraphBoxplot.,Boxplot.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:Select“filler1”forourYVariable.Select“head”forourXVariable.SelectOK.,Boxplot.,Notethatnowwenowhaveaboxplotbrokenoutbyeachofthevariousheads.Notethatheadnumber6againseemstobethesourceofthehighreadings.,Scatterplot.,LetslookatdatausingaScatterplot.GotoFileOpenProject.Loadthefile2_Correlation.mpj.NowletsgeneratetheScatterplotoftheGPAresultsagainstourMathandVerbalscores.,Scatterplot.,Goto:GraphPlot.,ScatterPlot.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:SelectGPAforourYVariable.SelectMathandVerbalforourXVariables.SelectOKwhendone.,Scatterplot.,WenowhavetwoScatterplotsofthedatastackedontopofeachotherWecandisplaythisbetterbytilingthegraphs.,Scatterplot.,Todothis:GotoWindowTile.,Scatterplot.,NowwecanseebothScatterplotsofthedata,Scatterplot.,Thereisanotherwaywecangeneratethesescatterplots.Goto:GraphMatrixPlot.,ScatterPlot.,Filloutthescreenasfollows:Clickinthe“Graphvariables”blockHighlightallthreeavailabledatasetsClickonthe“Select”button.SelectOKwhendone.,Scatterplot.,WenowhaveaseriesofScatterplots,eachonecorrespondingtoacombinationofthedatasetsavailableNotethatthereappearstobeastrongcorrelationbetweenVerbalandbothMathandGPAdata.,MinitabStatisticalTools,PROCESSCAPABILITYANALYSIS,Letsdoaprocesscapabilitystudy.,OpenMinitabandloadthefileCapability.mpj.,SETTINGUPTHETEST.,GotoStatQualityTools.CapabilityAnalysis(Weibull).,Select“Torque”foroursingledatacolumn.,Enteralowerspecof10andanupperspecof30.Thenselect“OK”.,SETTINGUPTHETEST.,Notethatthedatadoesnotfitthenormalcurveverywell.,NotethattheLongTermcapability(Ppk)is0.43.ThisequatestoaZvalueof3*0.43=1.29standarddeviationsorsigmavalues.,ThisequatestoanexpecteddefectratePPMof147,055.,INTERPRETINGTHEDATA.,HYPOTHESISTESTING,Loadthefilenormality.mpj.,SettingupthetestinMinitab,CheckingtheDataforNormality.,Itsimportantthatwecheckfornormalityofdatasamples.Letsseehowthisworks.GotoSTAT.BasicStatistics.NormalityTest.,SetuptheTest,Wewilltestthe“Before”columnofdata.CheckAnderson-DarlingClickOK,AnalyzingtheResults,SincethePvalueisgreaterthan.05wecanassumethe“Before”dataisnormalNowrepeatthetestforthe“After”Data(thisislefttothestudentasalearningexercise.),Checkingforequalvariance.,Wenowwanttoseeifwehaveequalvariancesinoursamples.Toperformthistest,ourdatamustbe“stacked”.ToaccomplishthisgotoManipStackStackColumns.,Selectbothoftheavailablecolumns(BeforeandAfter)tostack.Typeinthelocationwhereyouwantthestackeddata.InthisexamplewewilluseC4.TypeinthelocationwhereyouwantthesubscriptsstoredInthisexamplewewilluseC3.SelectOK.,Checkingforequalvariance.,Nowthatwehaveourdatastacked,wearereadytotestforequalvariances.GotoStatANOVA.TestforequalVariances.,Checkingforequalvariance.,Settingupthetest.,Ourresponsewillbetheactualreceiptperformanceforthetwoweekswearecomparing.InthiscasewehadputthestackeddataincolumnC4.,Ourfactorsisthelabelcolumnwecreatedwhenwestackedthedata(C3).,WesetourConfidenceLevelforthetest(95%).,Thenselect“OK”.,Here,weseethe95%confidenceintervalsforthetwopopulations.Sincetheyoverlap,weknowthatwewillfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.,TheFtestresultsareshownhere.WecanseefromtheP-Valueof.263thatagainwewouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.NotethattheFtestassumesnormality,Notethatwegetagraphicalsummaryofbothsetsofdataaswellastherelevantstatistics.,Analyzingthedata.,Levenestestalsocomparesthevarianceofthetwosamplesandisrobusttononnormaldata.Again,theP-Valueof.229indicatesthatwewouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.,Herewehaveboxplotrepresentationsofbothpopulations.,Letstestthedatawitha2SampletTest,-,UnderStatBasicStatistics.Weseeseveralofthehypothesistestswhichwediscussedinclass.Inthisexamplewewillbeusinga2SampletTest.GotoStat.BasicStatistics.2Samplet.,Sincewealreadyhaveourdatastacked,wewillloadC4foroursamplesandC3foroursubscripts.,Settingupthetest.,Sincewehavealreadytestedforequalvariances,wecancheckoffthisboxNowselectGraphs.,Settingupthetest.,Weseethatwehavetwooptionsforourgraphicaloutput.Forthissmallasample,Boxplotswillnotbeofmuchvaluesoweselect“Dotplotsofdata”andhit“OK”.HitOKagainonthenextscreen.,Inthesessionwindowwehaveeachpopulationsstatisticscalculatedforus.,NotethatherewehaveaPvalueof.922.Wethereforefindthatthedatadoesnotsupporttheconclusionthatthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthemeansofthetwopopulations.,Interpretingtheresults.,Thedotplotshowshowclosethedatapointsinthetwopopulationsfalltoeachother.Theclosevaluesofthetwopopulationmeans(indicatedbytheredbar)alsoshowslittlechancethatthishypothesiscouldberejectedbyalargersample,Interpretingtheresults.,PairedComparisons,Inpairedcomparisonswearetryingto“pair”observationsortreatments.Anexamplewouldbetotestautomaticbloodpressurecuffsandanursemeasuringthebloodpressureonthesamepatientusingamanualinstrument.Itcanalsobeusedinmeasurementsystemstudiestodetermineifoperatorsaregettingthesamemeanvalueacrossthesamesetofsamples.Letslookatanexample:2_Hypothesis_Testing_Shoe_wear.mpj,2_Hypothesis_Testing_Shoe_wear.mpj,Inthisexamplewearetryingtodetermineifshoematerial“A”wearrateisdifferentfromshoematerial“B”.Ourdatahasbeencollectedusingtenboys,whomwereaskedtowearoneshoemadefromeachmaterial.,Ho:Material“A”wearrate=Material“B”wearrateHa:Material“A”wearrateMaterial“B”wearrate,PairedComparison,GotoStat.BasicStatisticsPairedt.,PairedComparison,SelectthesamplesGotoGraphs.,PairedComparison,SelecttheBoxplotforourgraphicaloutput.ThenselectOK.,PairedComparison,Weseehowthe95%confidenceintervalofthemeanrelatestothevaluewearetesting.Inthiscase,thevaluefallsoutsidethe95%confidenceintervalofthedatamean.Thisgivesusconfirmationthattheshoematerialsaresignificantlydifferent.,CONTINGENCYTABLES(CHISQUARE),Enteringthedata.,Enterthedatainatableformat.Forthisexample,loadthefileContingencyTable.mpj.,Letssetupacontingencytable.,ContingencytablesarefoundunderStat.TablesChiSquareTest.,Selectthecolumnswhichcontainthetable.Thenselect“OK”,Settingupthetest.,Notethatyouwillhavethecriticalpopulationandteststatisticsdisplayedinthesessionwindow.,Minitabbuildsthetableforyou.Notethatouroriginaldataispresentedanddirectlybelow,Minitabcalculatestheexpectedvalues.,Here,MinitabcalculatestheChiSquarestatisticforeachdatapointandtotalstheresult.ThecalculatedChiSquarestatisticforthisproblemis30.846.,PerformingtheAnalysis.,ANalysisOfVArianceANOVA,Letssetuptheanalysis,LoadthefileAnovaexample.mpjStackthedatainC4andplacethesubscriptsinC5,Setuptheanalysis.,SelectStatANOVAOneway,SelectC4ResponsesC5FactorsThenselectGraphs.,Setuptheanalysis.,Chooseboxplotsofdata.ThenOK,Setuptheanalysis.,NotethatthePvalueislessthan.05thatmeansthatwerejectthenullhypothesis,Analyzingtheresults.,LetsLookAtMainEffects.,ChooseStatANOVAMainEffectsPlot.,MainEffects,SelectC4ResponseC5FactorsOK,AnalyzingMainEffects.,Formulation1HasLowestFuelConsumption,DESIGNOFEXPERIMENTS(DOE)FUNDAMENTALS,FirstCreateanExperimentalDesign.,GotoStatDOEFactorial.CreateFactorialDesign.,FirstCreateanExperimentalDesign.,Select2LevelFactorialdesignwith3factorsThengotoDisplayAvailableDesigns.,BowlingExample(continued),Wecannowseetheavailableexperimentaldesigns.WewillbeusingtheFull(Factorial)for3factorsandwecanseethatitwillrequire8runsNow,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectDesigns.,BowlingExample(continued),Selectyourdesign.WewillbeusingtheFull(Factorial)andagainwecanseethatitwillrequire8runsNow,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectFactors.,BowlingExample(continued),Fillinthenamesforyourfactors.Thenfillintheactualconditionsforlow(-)orhigh(+)Now,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectOptions.,BowlingExample(continued),RemovetheoptiontoRandomizeRuns.Now,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectOK.,BowlingExample(continued),Minitabhasnowdesignedourexperimentforus.Now,typeyourDatafromeachofyourexperimentaltreatmentsintoC8.Wearenowreadytoanalyzetheresults,BowlingExample(continued),GotoStat.DOEFactorial.AnalyzeFactorialDesign.,BowlingExample(continued),HighlightyourDatacolumnanduseSelecttoplaceitintheResponsesbox.Then,selecttheTermsOption.,BowlingExample(continued),NotethatSelectedTermshasalloftheavailablechoicesalreadyselected.Weneeddonothingfurther.SelectOK.Then,atthemainscreenselectGraphs,BowlingExample(continued),SelectyourEffectsPlotsandresetyourAlphato.05.SelectOKtoreturntothemainscreenandthenselectOKagain.,BowlingExample(continued),Notethatonlyoneeffecthasasignificancegreaterthan95%.Alltheremainingfactors