对外汉语教案—春节ppt课件

.,1,春节,.,2,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,春节是中华民族最为隆重的一个传统节日，有着悠久的历史和渊源。它标志农历旧的一年结束，新的一年开始。在春节，人们守岁拜年，告别寒冷单调的冬季，迎接生机盎然的春天。,.,3,TheSpecialMeaningForChinese,FarandawaythemostimportantholidayinChinaisSpringFestival.Itsalsoasymbolofunity,prosperity。ChineseconsiderspringfestivalastheendofthepastyearinChineserularandnewhopeforthefuturesustenance。,.,4,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,春节TheSpringFestival农历lunarcalendar正月lunarJanuary;thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar除夕NewYearsEve;eveoflunarNewYear初一thebeginningofNewYear元宵节TheLanternFestival,.,5,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,过年Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival对联poeticcouplet:twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry春联SpringFestivalcouplets剪纸paper-cuts年画NewYearpaintings买年货specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;doSpring;Festivalshopping,.,6,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,敬酒proposeatoast灯笼lantern:aportablelight烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers(Peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop.)红包redpackets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthinthecomingyear.),.,7,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,守岁staying-up拜年payNewYearscall;giveNewYearsgreetings;NewYearsvisit禁忌taboo去晦气getridoftheill-fortune祭祖宗offersacrificestoonesancestors,.,8,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,压岁钱giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift(CultureNote:Intheolddays,NewYearsmoneywasgivenintheformofonehundredcoppercoinsstrungtogetheronaredstringandsymbolizedthehopethatonewouldlivetobeahundredyearsold.Today,moneyisplacedinsideredenvelopesindenominationsconsideredauspiciousandgiventorepresentluckandwealth)辞旧岁bidfarewelltotheoldyear扫房springcleaning;generalhouse-cleaning,.,9,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,年糕Niangao;ricecake;NewYearcake团圆饭familyreuniondinner年夜饭thedinneronNewYearsEve饺子Jiaozi;Chinesemeatravioli汤圆Tangyuan;dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetorspicyfillings八宝饭eighttreasuresricepudding糖果盘candytray,.,10,春节SpringFestival（ChineseNewYear）,舞狮liondance(Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.)舞龙dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)戏曲traditionalopera杂耍varietyshow;vaudeville灯谜riddleswrittenonlanterns,TheoriginoftheLunarNewYear,TheoriginoftheLunarNewYearFestivalcanbetracedbackthousandsofyears,involvingaseriesofcolorfullegendsandtraditions.OneofthemostfamouslegendsisNian,anextremelycruelbeastthattheancientsbelievedwoulddevourpeopleonNewYearsEve.TokeepNianaway,red-papercoupletsarepastedondoors,torchesarelit,andfirecrackersaresetoffthroughoutthenight,becauseNianissaidtofearthecolorred,thelightoffire,andloudnoises.,.,12,ThecustomoftheLunarNewYear,TemperfairandCCTVnewyearsgala(逛庙会和春晚),.,13,扫尘sochn,“二十五扫尘土”。迎新首先要除旧。扫尘就是年终大扫除，北方称“扫房”，南方叫“掸尘”。在春节前扫尘，是我国民间素有的传统习俗。扫尘之日，全家上下一齐动手，用心打扫房屋、庭院，擦洗锅碗、拆洗被褥，干干净净迎接新年。其实，人们借助“尘”与“陈”的谐音表达除陈、除旧的意愿。,.,14,扫尘SweepingtheDust,“Dust”ishomophonicwith“chen”（尘）inChinese,whichmeansoldandpast.Inthisway,“sweepingthedust”beforetheSpringFestivalmeansathoroughcleaningofhousestosweepawaybadluckinthepastyear.“Dust”与“尘”是谐音（尘在汉语中的意思是旧的和过去的）。这样，“在春节前扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋扫除过去一年的厄运。,.,15,Thiscustomshowsagoodwishofputtingawayoldthingstowelcomeanewlife.Inaword,justbeforetheSpringFestivalcomes,everyhouseholdwillgiveathoroughcleaningtobidfarewelltotheoldyearandusherinthenew.此习俗表达了收拾旧事物，欢迎新生活的美好愿望。总之，就在春节到来之前，为了告别旧年迎接新年，家家户户都会彻底打扫一下房屋。,.,16,祭灶神jzoshn,传说到了腊月二十三，灶王爷便要升天，向玉皇大帝禀报这家人一年的善恶，玉皇大帝根据灶王爷的汇报，再将这一家在新的一年中应该得到的吉凶祸福的命运交于灶王爷之手。送灶神的仪式称为“送灶”或“辞灶”，百姓供上红烛、糖瓜，以隆重的礼节送灶神上天，祈望灶神“上天言好事，下界降吉祥”。如今，农村很多地区还沿袭这种风俗。,.,17,.,18,迎财神yngcishn,民间传说正月初五是财神的生日，所以过了年初一，接下来最重要的活动就是接财神。在财神生日到来的前一天晚上，各家置办酒席，为财神贺辰。,.,19,Theson,Iamcoming.,TheGodofwealth,.,20,贴春联tichnlin,春联，俗称“门对”，又名“春帖”，是对联的一种，因在春节时张贴，故称春联。春联的一个源头是桃符。最初人们以桃木刻人形挂在门旁以避邪，后来画门神像于桃木上，再简化为在桃木板上题写门神名字。春联的另一来源是春贴，古人在立春日多贴“宜春”二字。原来春联题写在桃木板上，后来改写在纸上。桃木的颜色是红的，红色有吉祥、避邪的意思，因此春联大都用红纸书写。,.,21,贴春联PastingSpringCouplets,“TheSpringCouplet”,alsocalled“couplet”and“apairofantitheticalphrases”,isaspecialformofliteratureinChina.TheSpringCoupletiscomposedoftwoantitheticalsentencesonbothsidesofthedoorandahorizontalscrollbearinganinscription,usuallyanauspiciousphrase,abovethegate.“春联”也被称为和“对联”对立的一对短语，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子组成，在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。,.,22,Thesentencepastingontherightsideofthedooriscalledthefirstlineofthecoupletandtheoneontheleftthesecondline.OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,everyhouseholdwillpasteondoorsaspringcoupletwrittenonredpapertogiveahappyandprosperousatmosphereoftheFestival.Inthepast,theChineseusuallywrotetheirownspringcoupletwithabrushoraskedotherstodoforthem,whilenowadays,itiscommonforpeopletobuytheprintedspringcoupletinthemarket.贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联，左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。,.,23,.,24,SpringCouplets春联,DontForgetOurDoorGod,Youknow,IamZhangFei,.,25,You,Pasting,She,Pasting,I,Making,HaHa!,.,26,贴“福”字tifz,在中国，人们往往用一个“福字来表达对福运、福气、幸福的向往和追求。每当辞旧迎新的时刻，家家户户都要把“福”字贴在屋门上，意味着福气进入家门。许多地方还倒贴“福”字，利用“倒”与“到”的谐音，寓意“福到了”。,.,27,“福”字,倒贴“福”字来表示“福到”了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。,.,28,“福”字Pasting“Up-sidedFu”,ItiscommonforChinesetopastethecharacter“fu（福）”,bigandsmall,onwalls,doorsanddoorpostsaroundthehouses.“Fu（福）”showspeoplesyearningtowardagoodlife.在墙上，门上和房子周围的门框上贴大小福字是中国人表达对美好生活渴望的普遍习俗。,.,29,Somepeopleeveninvertthecharacter“fu（福）”tosignifythatblessinghasarrivedbecause“inverted”isahomonymfor“arrive”inChinese.Nowmanykindsofpaper-cutsand“fu（福）”canbeseeninthemarketbeforetheFestival.一些人甚至倒贴福字来表示福到了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。现在在春节前的市场上随处可见各种各样的窗花和福字。,.,30,年夜饭ninyfn,除夕这一天对华人来说是极为重要的。这一天人们准备除旧迎新，吃团圆饭。家庭是华人社会的基石，一年一度的团年饭充分表现出中华族家庭成员的互敬互爱，这种互敬互爱使一家人之间的关系更为紧密。家人的团聚往往令一家之主在精神上得到安慰与满足，老人家眼看儿孙满堂，一家大小共叙天伦，过去的关怀与抚养子女所付出的心血总算没有白费，这是何等的幸福。而年轻一辈，也正可以借此机会向父母的养育之恩表达感激之情。,.,31,.,32,年夜饭,吃年夜饭，是春节期间家家户户最热闹愉快的时候。大年夜，丰盛的年菜摆满一桌，阖家团聚，围坐桌旁，共吃团圆饭。人们既是享受满桌的佳肴盛馔，也是享受那份快乐的气氛，桌上有大菜、冷盆、热炒、点心，一般少不了两样东西，一是火锅一是鱼。,.,33,年夜饭,火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，温馨撩人，说明红红火火。,.,34,年夜饭,“鱼”和“余”谐音，是象征“吉庆有余”，也喻示“年年有余”。,.,35,年夜饭,还有萝卜俗称菜头，祝愿有好彩头。,.,36,年夜饭,龙虾、爆鱼等煎炸食物，预祝家运兴旺如“烈火烹油”。,.,37,年夜饭,最后多为一道甜食，祝福往后的日子甜甜蜜蜜。,.,38,吃饺子HavingJiaozi,OnNewYearsEve,thewholefamilywillsittogethertomakejiaoziandcelebratetheSpringFestival.TheshapeofjiaoziislikegoldingotfromancientChina.Sopeopleeatthemandwishformoneyandtreasure.ThetraditionofhavingjiaoziisveryimportantduringtheSpringFestival.YoucannothaveacompleteSpringFestivalwithouthavingjiaozi.,在除夕那天，全家人会坐在一起包饺子庆祝春节。饺子的形状像中国古代的金元宝，因此人们吃饺子以此来希望财富到来。在春节期间吃饺子是很重要的传统习俗。如果没有吃饺子，你将不能拥有一个完整的春节。,.,39,饺子dumpling,.,40,年糕ningo,.,41,FoodinTheSpringFestival,ChineseNewYeariscalledthenightbeforetherealreunionnightofwanderingawayfromhomemustbefarbehindthousandsofmilestodrivehomethewholefamilysittingtogether.,.,42,InsouthChina,thefavoriteandmosttypicaldisheswereniangao,sweetsteamedglutinousrice（糯米）puddingandzongzi(glutinousricewrappedupinreed（芦苇）leaves),anotherpopulardelicacy.,年糕ricecake,.,43,Diet,腊八粥Labariceporridge,春卷springroll,.,44,守岁shusu,守岁的传统来自一个有趣的民间传说。在中国古代有一个叫做“年”的怪兽，在春节前的晚上，它会从地洞里出来吃人。守岁是从吃年夜饭开始，这顿年夜饭要慢慢地吃，一直到深夜。夜里不睡，迎接新一年的到来。,.,45,守岁StayingUpLateonNewYearsEve,ThetraditionofstayinguplatetoseeNewYearinoriginatedfromaninterestingfolktale.InancientChinatherelivedamonsternamedYear,whowasveryferocious.YearalwayswentoutfromitsburrowonNewYearsEvetodevourpeople.Therefore,oneveryNewYearsEve,everyhouseholdwouldhavesuppertogether.Afterdinner,noonedaredgotosleepandallthefamilymemberswouldsittogether,chattingandemboldeningeachother.,守岁的传统源自于一个有趣的民间故事。在中国古代有一个叫作年的凶猛怪物，在除夕夜年会从地洞里出来吃人。因此在除夕夜，每家每户都会一起吃晚饭，晚饭以后没人敢睡觉，所有的家庭成员会坐在一起聊天互相壮胆。,.,46,GraduallythehabitofstayinguplateonNewYearsEveisformed.ThusinChina,“celebratingtheSpringFestival”isalsocalled“passingovertheyear(guonian)”.However,nowtherearelessandlesspeopleincitieswhowillstayuplatetoseeNewYearin.逐渐在除夕夜守岁的习惯形成了，因此在中国，庆祝春节也被叫作过年。然而在城市里很少有人以守岁来欢迎新年。,.,47,压岁钱ysuqin,压岁钱又称“红包”。春节晚辈给长辈拜年时，长辈要将事先准备好的压岁钱分给晚辈，据说压岁钱可以压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。下一年还是这样，以此类推。还有一种名副其实的压岁钱，是由晚辈给老人的，岁，就是年岁，岁数，压岁，意在期盼老人长寿。,.,48,.,49,NewYearsGiftMoneyJuniorswillgreetseniors,wishingthemhealthandlongevity,whileseniorswillgivejuniorssomegiftmoneyasawishfortheirsafetyinthecomingyear.,.,50,RedPocketBabieslove(孩子的最爱）,-cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthinthecomingyear.,.,51,拜年binin,拜年，是春节期间的重要活动，它与除夕夜的团圆饭一样，是最能体现“年味”的春节习俗。在过去家庭拜年顺序为一拜天地，二拜祖宗，三拜高堂。一般大年初一晚辈给长辈拜年，祝愿长辈福如东海、寿比南山。新年后给亲戚拜年，一般的规矩是初一拜本家、初二拜岳家、初三拜亲戚。在同学、同事、朋友、合作者、邻里之间也要相互拜年。在“过年好”的道贺声中，拉近了心与心的距离，增进了人与人的感情。正如古语所说，拜年“以联年谊、以敦乡情”。,.,52,拜年,.,53,拜年和压岁钱NewYearsVisitandGiftMoney,OnthefirstdayoftheChineselunaryear,everybodyputsontheirbestclothesandpaysceremonialcallsontheirrelativesandfriends,wishingthemalltheluckinthecomingyear.Juniorswillgreetseniors,wishingthemhealthandlongevity,whileseniorswillgivejuniorssomegiftmoneyasawishfortheirsafetyinthecomingyear.Whenfriendsmeet,theywillwisheachotherhappinessandprosperitywithabigsmile.Withthedevelopmentofthenewtechnology,thereisachangeonthewayofgivingNewYearsgreetings.Inrecentyear,itiscommontosendNewYearsgreetingsbysuchmodernmeansofcommunicationastelephones,emailsandtextmessages.中国农历新年的第一天每个人都会穿上他们最漂亮的衣服，礼节性地拜访亲戚和朋友，祝愿他们新的一年中好运。小辈会问候老辈，祝福他们健康长寿，同时老辈会给小辈压岁钱祝福他们来年平安。随着新技术的发展，通过现代通讯手段如电话，发邮件和短信息等来送出新年问候已经非常普遍了。,.,54,放爆竹fngbozh,中国民间有“开门爆竹”一说，即在新的一年到来之际，家家户户开门的第一件事就是燃放爆竹，以劈劈啪啪的爆竹声来辞旧迎新。燃放鞭炮是中国节日的一种娱乐活动，可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利。,.,55,放鞭炮SettingoffFirecrackers,ThefirecrackerisauniqueproductinChina.InancientChina,thesoundofburningbambootubeswasusedtoscareawaywildanimalsandevilspirits.Withtheinventionofthegunpowder,“firecracker”isalsocalled“鞭炮binpo”(“炮”inChinesemeansgun)andusedtofosterajoyfulatmosphere.ThefirstthingeveryChinesehouseholddoesistosetofffirecrackersandfireworks,whicharemeanttobidfarewelltotheoldyearandusherinthenew.在中国爆竹是一件特殊的产品。在中国古代，燃烧竹管的声音被用来吓走动物和恶鬼。随着火药的发明，爆竹也被称作鞭炮，用来营造欢乐的气氛。在中国每家每户第一件事要做的就是放烟花爆竹，因为这意味着告别旧年迎接新年。,.,56,逛庙会gungmiohu,逛庙会，是大多数中国人的春节情结，更是不可或缺的年俗。春节庙会最早是民间的宗教仪式，庙会之时，通常由僧人、道士做“法事”或“道场”以祭祀神佛，人们也要进香朝拜、许愿、还愿、求福。庙会期间，也少不了商贩叫卖、民间艺术表演。庙会上有许多历史悠久深受老百姓喜爱的传统项目，比如，舞狮、舞龙、扭秧歌、踩高跷、跑旱船等。,.,57,逛庙会TempleFair,Templefair,usuallyheldoutsidetemples,isakindoffolkcustominChina.DuringtheSpringFestival,templefairisoneofthemostimportantactivities,inwhichtherearesuchperformancesasacrobaticsandWushu,numerouskindsoflocalsnacksandmanykindsofthingsforeverydaylife.Inrecentyears,thetemplefairhasbecomeaplaceforpeopletoappreciatethetraditionalartandexperiencethetraditionallife.,.,58,.,59,.,60,.,61,.,62,.,63,看春节联欢晚会TheCCTVNewYearsGala,TheNewYearsGalaisavarietyshowheldbyChinaCentralTelevision(CCTV)since1983.ForeveryyearsincethenattheturnoftheLunarNewYear,theprogrambeginsat8:00PMandlastsfiveorsixhours.Itbringslaughtertobillionsofpeople,createsmanypopularwordsandproduceslotsofTVphenomenameritingattention.Forovertwentyyears,itsvaluehasgonefarbeyondavarietyshow.ItisessentialentertainmentfortheChinesebothathomeandabroad.ManyChinesewouldliketowatchthegalawhilehavingthedinneronNewYearsEve.新年联欢晚会是自1983年以来中央电视台举办的综艺节目。从那时候起每年在农历新年交替的时候，晚上八点节目开始并持续五六个小时左右，春节晚会给数亿人带来了笑声，创造了许多流行词汇和值得关注的许多电视现