定语从句整理

定语从句复习,(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthebooksheboughtfromthelibrarywerelost.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.,关系代词that和which的区别,1.宜用that引导的定语从句,A,(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词（first,last,theonly,thevery等）词修饰，关系代词常用that.Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。(4)当主语是疑问词which或who时。whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?,2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.,as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.,Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it,不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思asanybodycansee,asisknown,aswehadexpected,as(it)oftenhappens,(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。（3）当非限定性从句是否定句或表示否定意义是只能用which.Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected.,(3)当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的同一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,判断关系代词与关系副词,方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.,判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.,F,F,T,T,方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。,关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。,区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句,2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.,3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.,4.一些特殊的先行词如situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that/which，作状语用where/when/介词+which。,1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.2.oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词；而theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词。HarryPotterisoneofthebestsellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.,定语从句的主谓一致,HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebestsellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire.,定语从句的主谓一致,Exercises,Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,_mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Dontyouseeitis_watch_Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_hegrewupasachild.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis,7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.A.whichB.itC.sheD.he8._isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocount