新视野大学英语Book4-5课件.ppt

ChoosetoBeAloneonPurpose,Book4Unit5,ChoosetoBeAloneonPurpose,BackgroundInformationWatchandDiscussStructureAnalysisDetailedStudyoftheTextExercises,HenryDavidThoreau(18171862)U.S.thinker,essayist,andnaturalist.BorninConcord,Mass,hegraduatedfromHarvardUniversityandtaughtschoolforseveralyearsbeforedecidingtobecomeapoetofnature.Intheyears18451847,todemonstratehowsatisfyingasimplelifecouldbe,helivedinahutbesideConcordsWaldenPond;essaysrecordinghisdailylifewereassembledforhismasterwork,Walden(1854).,JohnMiltonEnglishpoet(16081674).MiltonattendedCambridgeUniversity(16251632),wherehewrotepoemsinLatin,Italian,andEnglish.HisepicmasterpiecesincludeParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),anepicinwhichChristovercomesSatanthetempter,andSamsonAgonistes(1671)consideredsecondonlyto,W.ShakespeareinthehistoryofEnglish-languagepoetry,Miltonhadanimmenseinfluenceonlaterliterature.,WilliamWordsworthEnglishpoet(17701850).Orphanedat13,WordsworthattendedCambridgeUniv.,butremainedrootlessandvirtuallypennilessuntil1795,whenalegacymadepossibleareunionwithhissisterD.Wordsworth.HebecamefriendswithS.T.Coleridge,withwhomhewroteLyricalBallads(1798),thecollectionoftenconsideredtohavelaunchedtheEnglishRomanticMovement.In1843hebecameEnglandspoetlaureate.HeisregardedasthecentralfigureintheinitiationofEnglishRomanticism.,WomeninUSlivingalone,WhyaretheremoreandmoreAmericanwomenchoosingtobealone?Howtoexplainthisphenomenon?,视频播放,Mainideaofthetext?Thereadingpassagefocusesonasocialphenomenonchoosingtobealoneonpurpose.Thepassagemainlytellsus:whatlivingaloneis,whatpeoplethinkoflivingalone,whopreferlivingalone,theauthorscommentsonlivingaloneandwhatheadvisesforlivinginsolitude.,Livingaloneacommonsocialphenomenon.,PartI(para.1),PartII(para.2）,Whatdopeoplethinkoflivingalone?,Theauthormentions3famousliterarygiantswhochoosetobealoneandtellsuswhatmessagewecandrawfromthepeoplewhochoosetobealone.,Part(paras.3-10),Theauthormakeshiscommentsonlivingalone.,Part(paras.11-16),e.g.Shediditonpurpose,ofcourse.她当然是故意那样做的。,1.tobealoneonpurpose,(Para.2),purposely故意的,onpurpose,e.g.Wehavefoundameetingplacethatwillserveourpurpose.我们找到了一个很合适的会址。,e.g.Itsevidentthatshespoketothepurposeatthemeeting.她在会上的发言很中肯，这是很明显的。,扩展,e.g.Hemanagedtoseekouthisfriendinthecrowd.他设法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。,2.Theyallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingitout,(Para.3),findsth.orsb.bylookinghard找出，搜寻出,seekout,e.g.Sheisbeautifulandbenignandtheembodimentofallthefinestqualitiesofaloyalandlovingwife.她非常漂亮温柔，体现了一位忠贞可爱的妻子的全部美德。,3.“Howgraceful,hoebenign,issolitude,”hewrote.(Para.4),benign,a.kindandgentle善良的，慈祥的,4.hecallsthegirlstocomebackandwriteitdownwhilehedictates.(Para.6),e.g.Shespentthemorningdictatingletterstohersecretary.她花了一上午向她的秘书口述信件。,dictate,v.speaksth.aloudforanotherpersonorforamachinetorecordthewordssaid听写，口授,5.Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.(Para.10),n.onesideaoropinionofoneself,oragreatfeelingofonesownimportanceandability自我，自尊心,ego,e.g.Imgladshegotthejobsheneededsomethingtoboostherego.我很高兴她得到了那份工作她需要那份工作来增强她的自尊心。,e.g.ThatmanhasgotsuchanenormousegoIveneverknownanyonesofullofthemselves.那个人非常自负，我从来没有见过那么以自我为中心的人。,egoism:n.自我主义；自私；利己egoist:n.自私自利者；自我中心者egoistic(al):a.自私自利的；利己主义的ego-trip:n.(俚）以自我为中心的活动e.g.Herlifeisjustonebigego-trip.她的一生都是以自我为中心的。,e.g.Idoquiteahumblejobatthehospital.我在医院从事很普通的工作。,6.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude.(Para.10),adj.havingalowopinionofoneself谦逊的，谦虚的,e.g.Hestrikesmeasaveryhumbleperson.他的谦虚给我留下了深刻的印象。,humble,7.youcanstretchoutyoursoul(Para.11),lengthensth.bypulling;causetoreachforward,aswiththehands拉长，伸长，伸出,e.g.Hestretchedoutonthegrass.他手脚伸开着躺在草地上。,stretchout,e.g.ShedoesnthaveallthequalificationsbutIthinkweshouldstretchapointinherfavour.她并非全部合格，但我认为我们可以为她放开一些限制。,扩展,stretchoneslegs去散步,8.peoplewecancalltosaywelostourjoborfellonaslipperyfloorandbrokeourarm.(Para12),a.1)difficulttoholdortostandon,driveon,etc.滑的,e.g.Theroadsareslipperyaftertherain.雨后道路很滑。,slippery,e.g.Onceyouvegivenintotemptationforthefirsttimeyoureontheslipperyslope.一旦你经不住第一次诱惑，以后就无法抵制得住。,e.g.Hesasslipperyasaneelyoucannevergetastraightansweroutofhim.他像鳝鱼般难以捉摸你永远不可能从他口里得到直接的回答。,a.2)nottobetrusted,shifty圆滑,e.g.Shewaschokedwithanger.她气得说不出话来。,9.andobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesus.(Para.12),v.1）becomeormakesb.Becomeunabletospeak说不出话来,e.g.Thesurprisefarewellpartyleftthemallchokedup.这一意外的告别聚会令他们激动得说不出话来。,choke,扩展,e.g.Hewasprettychokedaboutbeingdroppedfromteam.他因为队里未重用他而耿耿于怀。,e.g.Anelderlymanchokedtodeathinhishome.昨天一个老人在家因窒息而死。,2）stoporpartlystopbreathing窒息,choked:a.心烦，愤怒。通常做表语。,短语,chokesth.back克制，抑制chokesb.off粗鲁地或突然阻止某人chokesth.down困难地咽下某物chokesth.upwithsth.用某物填满某物,10.opinionsthatbacksupand(Para12),2)support,esp.inanargument支持,backup,e.g.Thecorrespondencehasbeenbackingupforseveraldays.待处理的信件已积压了好几天。,1)causetoblockup使积压，使拥塞,e.g.Thepolicemanwouldnthavebelievedmeifyouhadntbackedmeup.如果当时你不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。,Theyareworriedthattheothersidewill_oftheagreements.Eventhoughitwasobviousherideaswereunworkable,shewouldnt_.Thechild_fromthebigdog.,扩展,backdown:放弃主权，要求等，让步，屈服backout：退出协议，撤回承诺等,有时与of连用。backaway:（因恐惧或厌恶而）后退，退缩。,backout,backdown,backedaway,他们担心对方不履行协议,尽管她的意见显然不可行但是她仍不放弃。,那小孩向后退躲开那条大狗。,11.talkatlengthtoourselves(Para.13),foralongtimeoringreatdetail长久地，详尽地,侧重从全面广泛的角度来来描述某事物。,atlength,e.g.Hetalkedatlengthabouthischildhood.他详细地谈了他童年的经历。,e.g.Atlengththerecamethestepuponthestair,uponthelocktheoldfamiliarhand.终于从楼梯上传来了脚步声响，门把上又重现那以往熟悉的手。,2)intheend终于，最后,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.124,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.124,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.125,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.125,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.126,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.127,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.127,读写教程IV:Ex.,p.128,读写教程IV:Ex.X,p.128,II.Answerthefollowingquestions.,1.WhyislonelinesscalledanationaldiseaseoftheU.S.?,All22millionofpeoplelivealone,whichsuggeststhatitisanoverwhelmingphenomenonintheUnitedStates.,Becausetheycanfindinspirationinsolitude.,Themorecapablethepersonisofthinkingonhisown,thelesshisneedforstayingwithothers.,2.Accordingtothepassage,whydopoetslikethesolitarycondition?,3.WhatcanbelearnedfromThoreauschoiceofthesolitarywayoflife?,Itdepends.Ifheliveswiththem,thefriendstemporaryleavingwillbereceivedasawelcomechange.However,ifhelivesalone,thetemporaryabsenceoffriendswillleavehimnothingbutthefeelingofemptiness.,4.Howwillthetemporaryabsenceoffriendsandacquaintancesaffectaperson?,Theneedtotalkisthemostbasicneedofasolitaryperson.,5.Whyisitimportantforapersonlivingalonetotalktoothers?,6.Whomaythepersonlivinginsolitudetalkto?,Hemaycallfriendstotellthemimportantthings,ortalktohimself,hispets,thetelevision,oreventostrangersinthesupermarket.,Heshouldstayrational,settlehimselfinacomfortableandpleasantwayandwaitforanythinghappythatmayhappen.,7.Howisasolitarymanadvisedtoenjoyhislife?,Asordinarypeoplessolitaryconditionoflivingdiffersfromthatofthegreatmindslikethepoetsandphilosophers,theyshouldcherishthethoughtthat“sincewearehere,wemayaswellstayandmakethebestofit”.,8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheauthorsattitudestowardsordinarypeoplesconditionoflivingalone?,1.Thoughhedidnotd_hewentatapaceslowenoughforthelistenerstotakedownalotofwhathesaid.2.Shecouldnotwaitfordaybreakandcalledherfriendupatmidnighttotellhertheunpleasantexperiencethatc_her.,III.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththehelpofthefirstletters.Fillineachblankwithonewordonly.,ictate,hoked,3.Employeesath_postshavetocarefullyweighuptheemployerswordsandcloselywatchhisexpression.4.Publicconfidenceintheadministrationofj_bypoliceandcourtshashalf-collapsed,andithastoberebuilt.5.Ithinkitisagoodideatohaveatripinthecoldandwetweather,butyouhavetogowellpreparedwithamapandcompassandwarmw_clothing.,aterproof,ustice,umble,6.Itwasexpectedthatidentifyingandresurfacings_roadswouldreduceskidding(打滑)accidentsby1,800ayear.7.WhileWilliamWordsworthwasoutdoorscreatingp_,hissisterDorothymanagedthehouseholdchores(家庭杂务)indoors.8.Althoughhisauthoritywass_,hepreferredtoregardhimselfnotasadictatorbutasapartner,actingtogetherwithdirectors,playersandeveryoneelseintheclubinacommonpurpose.,lippery,oetry,upreme,1.Peoplerefusedtotalktohimafterthescandalandhewasdiscardedbythebestsociety.,IV.Replacetheunderlinedwordsorexpressionsinthefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromthetextthatbestkeeptheoriginalmeaning.,castout,2.Thoreaudidntrequireanycompany,instead,hehadthestrongdesiretobeleftinthehutallalone.,3.AttheweekendweareusuallyallowedtogotobedlaterthanusualtowatchTV.,allbyhimself,stayuplate,4.Evenwhenhewasintheprimaryschool,hehadagreatlikingforfootball.,5.Thestorylinewassofascinatingthatshefinishedreadingthebookwithoutabreak.,6.Theditcheswerefullofmudandrubbishagainafterthepouringrain.,wasfondof,atonesitting,filledupwith,7.ThewriterhasahighopinionofThoreauslivingallbyhimselfatWaldenPond.,8.Somepoetsandphilosophersthinktheyhavefoundbylookinghardinspirationinsolitude.,speakshighlyof,havesoughtout,V.Lookatthefollowingsentencetakenfromyourreadingpassage.Justthinkaboutwhatelseyoucan“reject”andfillinthesentenceswiththerightwords.,1.Consequently,itisnotsurprisingthatinthisperiodthemainphilosophicalschoolstendedtorejecttheid_ofprogressandtoholdcyclicalviewsconcerningthenatureoftime.,ea,2.ButPalestiniansrejectedtheof_andsaidtheycouldnotresumepeacetalksuntilalltheirrequestsweresatisfied.,fer,3.Today,nearlyathousandbusdrivers,engineers,andclericalworkersweregoingtovoteonwhethertoacceptorrejectthepro_,whichalsoincludesacutinbankholidaypay.,posal,4.Ratherthanrejectthebe_ofMarxismonthegroundsthatithadnotbeenprovedbyhistory,hesoughttoaccountforMarxismthroughananalysisofthespecifichistoryoftheformerSovietUnion.,lief,5.Thebankmayrejectyourre_foraloanbecauseitthinksyouareunabletopaybackinduetime.,quest,6.Hearguestosaythattorejectthecon_fromthechurchisnottosuggestthatpeoplewouldnotbelieveintheexistenceofGod.,trol,7.Herejectedthepro_offeredbythecompanybysayingthathewouldratherhaveafreewillastohisownfutureandwouldnotberestrictedbythecontractforthenewpromotion.,motion,8.DuringtheAnti-JapaneseWarmanyChinesepeoplerejectedpro_madeinJapanasapartoftheirpatriotic(爱国的)movement.,ducts,1.TherepairscostalmostdoublewhatIthoughttheywould.Ireally_howmuchdamagewasdone.,VI.Nowstudythemeaningofthefollowingwordsandthencompletethesentenceswithsomeofthesewords.,underestimated,3.ImissedthetrainthismorningbecauseI_again.,2.Manypeopletherecomplainedthattheywereoverworkedbut_.,underpaid,overslept,4._countriesshouldbeassistedbyallowingthemaccesstoinformationtechnologiessothatonedaytheycancruisealongsidethedevelopedcountriesontheInformationSuperhighway.,Underdeveloped,6.Heclaimedthetaxidriver_himby$10,anddecidedtomakeacomplaint.,5.TheSalesDirector_thedemandandthecompanywasconsequentlyleftwith20,000unsoldcopies.,overestimated,overcharged,7.Inthisunderdevelopedcountry,nearlyathirdofthechildrenareseverely_.8.Thepilotwarnedhimthattheplanewas_andwouldntfly.,underweight,overloaded,VII.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgiveninbrackets.,1.Thetutor_theinstructionssothatthechildrencouldunderstandthem.(simple),simplified,2.Ohno,thelightshavegoneoutagain!Thistimewedbettercallthe_.(electric),electrician,4.LatesttestsontheQueenMother,who_anhour-longthroatoperationonThursdaynight,hadprovedsatisfactory,saidaspokesmanforAberdeenRoyalInfirmary.(go),underwent,3.Sincethe11Septemberattack,manypeopleinthecountryhavebeenpessimisticabouttheprospectsofeconomic_withinafewyears.(recover),recovery,6.Usearedpencilto_allthefoodsormealsyouthinkarenotsogoodforyouandshouldberestricted.(line),underline,5.Hislifestoryisrecounted(复述)intwofascinatingvolumesofhis_.(biography传记),autobiography,8.Pleasedonot_ifyourchildgetsintotroubleatschool.(react),over-react,7.Apolicehelicopterhadevacuated(撤离)peoplefromtheroofofthenorthtowerinFebruary1993,aftera_bombexplodedinthebasement.(terror),terrorist,Themoreopenlyyouandyourdoctorcantalktogether,thebettertheserviceyourdoctorwillbeabletogiveyou.,VIII.Weoftenuse“the.the.”withthecomparativetosaythattwochangeshappentogether.Combinethefollowingsentenceswith“the.the.”.,1.Youandyourdoctorcantalktogethermoreopenly.Yourdoctorwillbeabletogiveyouthebetterservice.(themore.thebetter.),Themoreanationscompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thesmallerwillbethecountrysrecordedexports.,ThemoreReneeHenrylearntaboutthetherapy,themoreshebecameconvincedthatitwasrightforher.,2.ReneeHenrylearntaboutthetherapythemore.Shebecamemoreconvincedthatitwasrightforher.(themore.themore.),3.Anationscompanieslocatemorefactoriesabroad.Thecountrysrecordedexportswillbesmaller.(themore.thesmaller.),Rememberthatthelessprocessedafood,thehigheritsmineralandvitamincontent.,Thelessexerciseyoudo,themoreunfityouwillbecome,andthehardereverydaytaskswillseem.,5.Rememberthatifafoodislessprocessed,itsmineralandvitamincontentishigh.(theless.thehigher.),4.Youdolessexercise.Youwillbecomemoreunfit.Everydaytaskswillseemhardtoyou.(theless.themore.theharder.),IX.Translatepartofthesentencesusing“may/mightaswell”.“May/mightaswell”isusedtosaythatweshoulddosomethingbecausethereisnothingbetter,moreinteresting,moreuseful,etc.todo.,1.Myfatheralwaysgetsinformationfromthelocallibrary._.（你不妨去那儿看看有没有你需要的资料）,Youmightaswellgotheretoseewhetherthereistheinformationyouneed,3.Theyaremissingyouverymuch._.（你不妨打电话告诉他们你要去看望他们）,Youmayaswellringandtellthemyouregoingtovisitthem,2.Whileyoulivealone,youcandoasyoulike._.（我们不妨称之为自由吧）,Wemightaswellcallitfreedom,5.Thispassageistoodifficultforustoread._.（我们不妨找一篇容易一些的读吧）,Wemight/mayaswellfindaneasieronetoread,4.Itsnogoodwaitingforthebus._.(我们不妨走回家吧),Wemight/mayaswellwalkhome,1.诗人和哲学家都因能够独处而自视甚高，从独处中他们能获取灵感。,Poetsandphilosophersallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingoutsolitude,fromwhichtheycandrawinspiration.,X.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,speakhighlyofoneself,seekoutsolitude,drawinspiration,2.感觉谦卑的人往往易受孤独的折磨，感到仅仅与自己相处远远不够，渴望有人做伴。,Ahumblepersontendstosufferfromsolitude,feelinghimselfinadequatecompany,longingforotherstobearound.,feelhimselfinadequatecompany,sufferfromsolitude,longforotherstobearound,3.那位寡居的老太太实在太孤独了，她会和在超市遇到的陌生人唠唠叨叨地说上老半天她的宠物。,Thewidowedoldladywassolonelythatshewouldtalkatlengthtothestrangersinthesupermarketaboutherpets.,talkatlengthabout,thewidowedoldlady,4.孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈，把每日看到的想到的琐事向人倾诉。,Theconditionoflonelinessrisesandfalls,butourneedtotalkgoesonforevertheneedoftellingsomeonethedailysuccessionofsmallobservationsandopinions.,thedailysuccessionofsmallobservationsandopinions,riseandfall,5.对一个独居的人来说，重要的是保持理性，安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，并在自身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣。,Toapersonlivingalone,itsimportanttostayrationalandsettledownandmakehimselfcomfortable,andfindsomegraceandpleasureinhiscondition.,settledown,stayrational,findsomegraceandpleasureinonescondition,6.若与别人同住，你会在与他们小别时感觉耳目一新。,Ifyoulivewithotherpeople,theirtemporaryabsencecanberefreshing.,refreshing,temporaryabsence,7.科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己、对着宠物、对着电视机唠叨不休。,Scientificsurveysshowthatthosewholivealonetalkatlengthtothemselvesandtheirpetsandthetelevision.,talkatlength,thosewholivealone,8.重要的是不再等待，安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。,Itsimportanttostopwaitingandsettledownandmakeourselvescomfortable,atleastforthetimebeing.,atleastforthetimebeing,makeoneselfcomfortable,RoommateConflicts,ReadingSkillsBackgroundinformationDetailedStudyoftheTextExercises,RecognizingParagraphPatterns(II)RecognizingParagraphPatternsisahigh-levelreadingskillwithsomedifficultiesbutthestudentsusingNewHorizonCollegeEnglishwillfeelquitecomfortablewhendealingwiththisparticularreadingskill.FromUnit1,Book1uptonow,wehavemadeananalysisof35passagesdealingwiththestructureofthetext.,Inthelastunitwesawthatparagraphinformationoftenappearsinpatternsthatcanberecognizedoranalyzed.Paragraphideasandinformationareputtogethersothatwecanseethemrelatedtoeachotherincertainpatterns.Thiskindofskillsisimportantforustogetabetterunderstandingofthepassagewereadbutitisalsocrucialforustomakesensibleorreasonablepredictionsastowhatistofollownext.Inthisunitwewillhavemorepracticeinrecognizingandanalyzingparagraphpatterns,especiallythepatternsthatwedidnotcoverinourlastunit.,GettysburgCollege:Thecollegewasfoundedin1832.Withastudentbodyofapproximately2,400,GettysburgCollegeisahighlyselectivefour-yearresidentialcollegeofliberalartsandscienceslocatedona200-acrecampusadjacenttothe,GettysburgNationalMilitaryPark.GettysburgCollegeeducationblendsarigorousfoundationinthesciences,thesocialsciences,andthehumanitieswithahighlypersonalatmosphereofchallengeandsupport.,HarvardUniversity:TheuniversityistheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.Foundedin1636,16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimsatPlymouth,theUniversityhasgrownfromninestudents,withasinglemastertoanenrollmentofmorethan18,000degreecandidates.SevenpresidentsoftheUnitedStatesJohnAdams,JohnQuincyAdams,TheodoreandFranklinDelanoRoosevelt,RutherfordB.Hayes,JohnFitzgeraldKennedyandGeorgeW.BushweregraduatesofHarvard.Itsfacultyhasproducednearly40Nobellaureates.,e.g.Whenhewasveryyoung,helefthishometostrikeoutonhisown.他很小就离开了家去独立闯天下。,1.determinedtostrikeoutonindependentpaths.(Para.1),makeanindependenteffort独立开创,strikeout,2.Sheandherroommatesilentlywarredovermattersrangingfromwhenthe(Para1),fightorargueabout因打仗,为争吵,e.g.Theywarredovertrivialmatters.他们因小事而争吵。,warover,3.orturnsuphissoundsystemtothepointwherethewholeroomvibrates.(Para.3),v.(causeto)shakeslightlyandquicklyinawaythatisfeltratherthanseeorheard震动，抖动,e.g.Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstartedtheengine.当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。,vibrate,quake：(动)剧烈的颤动，颤抖。尤指因害怕、恐惧等而发抖。,近义词辨析,shake：(动)震动，振动。侧重指某种外界原因而导致上下或来回晃动。,tremble：(动)颤抖，战栗，摇动。尤指因害怕、寒冷、生气等而颤抖。,quiver：(动)(轻微的)发抖，微颤(trembleslightly)。,e.g.Thebreadbecamestale.面包已变质了。,4.,theexcitementofbeingawayatcollegecanquicklygrow