2020高考英语二轮复习课堂学案课件-任务型阅读之转换词汇类

,专题四任务型阅读,真题研析,微技能突破,随堂限时练,第二节转换词汇类,PART1,真题研析,(2018江苏)HowArtsPromoteOurEconomyWhenmostpeoplethinkofthearts，theyimaginetheendproduct，thebeautifulpainting，awonderfulpieceofmusic，oranaward-winningperformanceinthetheater.Butartsgroupsbringbroadervaluetoourcommunities.Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged.Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists，technicalexperts，managers，musicians，orwriterstocreateanappealingpieceofart.Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.,Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.“Ifyoubuildittheywillcome”isamisleadingbelief.Painters，digitalmediaexperts，photographers，bookingagentsandpromotersarehiredtosellticketsandpromotetheevent.AccordingtotheDallasAreaCulturalAdvocacyCoalition，artsagenciesemploymorethan10,000peopleasfull-orpart-timeemployeesorindependentcontractors.,Asuccessfulartsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(连锁反应)throughoutacommunity.In2005，whentheBishopArtsTheatrewasdonatedtoourtown，thelocationwasconsideredapoorareaoftown.Afterinvestingmorethan$1millioninreconstructingthebuilding，webeganproducingafullseasonoftheaterperformances，jazzconcerts，andyear-roundartseducationprogramsin2008.Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascitylimitsanddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.Nodoubtthetheaterhascontributedtotheareasdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.Today，therearegalleries，studios，restaurantsandnewlybuiltworkspaceswhereneighborsshareexperiences，wherethereisrenewedlifeandenergy.Inthisway，artsandculturealsoserveasapublicgood.,TeCoTheatricalProductionsInc.madeuseofBloombergsinvestmentof$35,000togetnearly$400,000inpublicandprivatesectorsupportduringthetwo-yearperiod.Further，Dallasartsandarts-basedbusinessesproduce$298foreverydollarthecityspendsonartsprogrammingandfacilities.InPhiladelphia，ametroareasmallerthanDallas，theartshaveaneconomicimpactofalmost$3billionandsupport44,000jobs，80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry，includingaccountants，marketers，constructionworkers，hotelmanagers，printers，andotherkindsofartworkers.,Theartsareefficienteconomicdriversandwhentheyaresupported，theentiresmall-businesscommunitybenefits.Itiswrongtoassumeartsgroupscannotmakeaprofit.Butinordertostayinbusiness，artsgroupsmustproducereturns.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts，chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.Butthosewhotrulyunderstandtheeconomicimpactandcanworktochangethepatternscancreateawiderangeofcareerpossibilities.,考场思维模式第一步：读表格，填出较简单的概括词汇题本文是一篇说明文，以“HowArtsPromoteOurEconomy”为题，重点分析了艺术促进经济的途径。考查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。其中第71，74和80题是转换词汇类题，填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致，同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息，为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读表格内容，然后在原文中进行定位。定位后进行定词，定词后要定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词等)，最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等)。,1.原文词汇类75.答案effect解析根据第四段首句“Asuccessfulartsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(连锁反应)throughoutacommunity.”和第五段首句“Nodoubtthetheaterhascontributedtotheareasdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.”可知，艺术对经济发展有扩散效应。根据arippleeffect可得出答案。78.答案outside/beyond解析根据第六段末句“.80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry，includingaccountants，marketers，constructionworkers，hotelmanagers.”可知，艺术为不从事这个行业的人也提供了就业机会。故填outside/beyond。,2.转换词汇类71.答案benefit解析根据第二段首句“Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.”可知艺术创造就业岗位，推动经济发展，也就是说从经济角度而言，社会能从艺术发展中受益(benefit)。74.答案promotion/marketing解析根据第三段的第三句“Painters，digitalmediaexperts，photographers，bookingagentsandpromotersarehiredtosellticketsandpromotetheevent.”可知，艺术活动涵盖了创作、表演和营销。promoters，promote可词形转换为promotion。故填promotion/marketing。,80.答案alternative解析根据文章最后的“.youhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.Butthosewhotrulyunderstandtheeconomicimpactandcanworktochangethepatternscancreateawiderangeofcareerpossibilities.”可知，学艺术的学生就业前景光明，选择的范围很广，不必做另外的计划。由关键词awiderangeofcareerpossibilities可知填alternative。3.概括词汇类72.答案Ways/Aspects解析纵观语篇内容可知，文章重点介绍艺术在哪些方面能推动经济发展，故填ways或aspects，意为“方面”，注意首字母大写。,73.答案joint/collective解析根据第三段首句“Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.”可知，艺术活动需要很多人来运作，groupoffolks可同义替换为joint/collectiveeffort。76.答案fares解析根据第四段末句“Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascitylimitsanddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.”可知很多爵士乐爱好者来看演出要花交通费，故填fares。,77.答案positive解析根据第六段首句“TeCoTheatricalProductionsInc.madeuseofBloombergsinvestmentof$35,000togetnearly$400,000inpublicandprivatesectorsupportduringthetwo-yearperiod.”可知，在音乐方面的投资能产生潜在的积极的经济回报。publicandprivatesectorsupport(国营部门和私营企业的支持)可转化为positive。79.答案statistics/data/analyses解析根据上文提供的数据或分析，我们就会得出学艺术的学生不必担心就业问题的结论。故填statistics/data/analyses。,第三步：复查并将答案填在答题卡上复查完确认没有修改之后，将试卷上所写答案填在答题卡规定区域，注意要认真书写，不能潦草。,PART2,微技能突破,转换词汇类是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。要求考生对已锁定的关键句进行知识重组，运用多种表达方式，考查考生是否具有遣词造句的能力。常见的转换词汇题可分为：词形转换、同义(反义)表达、句型转换等。1.词形转换词形转换题即用不同的方式表达文中的意义，由于表达的方法不同，被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同。有时所采用的词性会有所变化。如，动词与名词的转换、动词与动名词的转换、形容词与副词的转换、名词与形容词的转换等，有时还涉及短语搭配的考查。,(1)Socialisolationisanobjectiveconditioninwhichpeoplehavelittlecommunicationwithothers.Socialisolationmeansthatpeoplehardlycommunicatewithothersorstayalone.(2)Itsalsoimportantforeverystudenttosethighacademicgoalssoastobeabletobuildagoodcareer.Studentswhowanttobuildagoodcareershouldattachimportancetosettinghighacademicgoals.,2.同义(反义)表达同义(反义)表达是指用不同的词组表达同一个意思或是相反的意思。这主要考查考生灵活运用英语的能力。此项考查要求我们对同义/反义词(组)互换，单个动词与动词短语的互换，单个副词与短语的互换等。(1)Theuseoftheseresourcescannotgoonindefinitelywewouldrunout.Thevastmajorityofresourcescantbereplacedandtheywouldbeusedup.(2)Buttheysayitsfarfromclearthatsocialisolation，notloneliness，isalwaystherealcauseofincreaseddeathrate.Itwasstillunclear/vague/ambiguousthatsocialisolationratherthanlonelinessistherealcauseofhigherdeathrate.,(3)Youareexpectedtoknowthateverystepcountsandthatsettingupgoalsiseasy，butfollowingthemonaconsistentbasisisdifficult.Youshouldbeaware/consciousthatitsdifficulttofollowyourgoalsconsistently.,3.句型转换句型转换题指的是用不同的句式表达同一意思。有时是主动语态与被动语态的互换，有时是采用另外一种句式表达。答题时要抓住核心词汇，对这些词汇表达进行句式转换，一般为高中阶段常用句式。(1)Whensomethingisthrownaway，welosethenaturalresources，theenergyandthetimewhichhavebeenusedtomaketheproduct.Thenaturalresources，theenergyandthetimeusedtomaketheproductbecomelostwhensomethingisthrownaway.(2)Researchershavefoundthatolderpeoplewithfewerhumancontactsaremorelikelytodie.Socialisolationmayincrease/raiseolderpeoplesriskofdeath.,(3)Settinggoalsforcompletingthedailyschedulehelpsanemployeetofinishtheassignedtasksandtargetsinatimelymanner.Bysettinggoals，anemployeecanincreaseoutputandperformanceinsteadofdelayingcompletinghisorhertasks.,这类题型解题时可采用以下三个步骤：,PART3,随堂限时练,A(2019镇江高三期中)PretendingYoureSomeoneElseCanMakeYouCreativeOnegreatirony(讽刺)aboutourcollectivefascinationwithcreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay，mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself：Weareeither“creative”peopleorwearent，withoutmuchofamiddleground.Pillay，atechbusinessmanandHarvardprofessorhasspentagoodpartofhiscareerdestroyingtheseideas.Pillaybelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistodismisstheconventionaladvicethaturgesyouto“believeinyourself”.Infact，youshoulddotheexactopposite：believeyouaresomeoneelse.,InarecentcolumnforHarvardBusinessReview，Pillaypointedtoa2016studyshowingtheimpactofstereotypes(刻板印象)ononesbehavior.Theauthors，educationpsychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar，dividedtheircollege-studentsubjectsintothreecategories，instructingthemembersofonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas“eccentric(古怪的)poets”andthemembersofanothertoimaginetheywere“rigidlibrarians”(peopleinthethirdcategory，thecontrolgroup，wereleftaloneforthispart).Theresearchersthenpresentedparticipantswith10ordinaryobjects，includingafork，acarrot，andapairofpants，andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Thosewhowereaskedtoimaginethemselvesas“eccentricpoets”cameupwiththewidestrangeofideasfortheobjects，whilethoseinthe“rigidlibrarian”grouphadthefewest.,Meanwhile，theresearchersfoundonlysmalldifferencesinstudentscreativitylevelsacrossacademicmajorsinfact，thephysicsmajorsinhabiting(寄生)thepersonas(伪装的外表)of“eccentricpoets”cameupwithmoreideasthantheartmajorsdid.Theseresults，writeDumasandDunbar，suggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualquality，buta“malleable(可塑的)productofcontextandperspective.”Everyonecanbecreative，aslongastheyfeellikecreativepeople.,Pillaysworktakesthisastepfurther：Hearguesthatidentifyingyourselfwithcreativityislesspowerfulthanthecreativeactofimaginingyouresomebodyelse.Thisexercise，whichhecalls“psychologicalhalloweenism”，referstotheconsciousactionofinhabitinganotherpersonaaninnercostumingoftheself.Itworksbecauseitisanactof“consciousunfocus”，awayofpositivelystimulatingthedefaultmode(默认模式)network，acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyourenotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.,Mostofusspendtoomuchtimeworryingabouttwothings：Howsuccessful/unsuccessfulweare，andhowlittlewerefocusingonthetaskathand.Theformerfeedsthelatteranunfocusedpersonisanunsuccessfulone，webelieve.Thus，weforceourselvesintoquietareas，buynoise-cancelingheadphones，andhateourselvesfortakingbreaks.,WhatmakesPillaysargumentstandoutisthehealthy，forgivingrealism：Accordingtohim，mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof“unfocus”.Thisdoesntmakeuslazyitmakesushuman.Theideabehindpsychologicalhalloweenismis：Whatifwestoppedjudgingourselvesforourmentaldowntime，andinsteadstartedusingit？Puttingthisnewideaondaydreamingmeansaddressingtwoproblemsatonce：Youremakingyourselfmorecreative，andyouregivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyoudotherwisefeelguiltyabout.Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation，oranentirelynewidentity，neverfeltsoproductive.,Title：PretendingYoureSomeoneElseCanMakeYouCreative,fascinated/impressed,Contrary,1.解析转换词汇题。根据第一段的第一句可知关于创造性的具有讽刺性的是，我们会用没有创造性的方法来限制创造性。句中使用名词fascination，而表格里需要使用形容词，构成短语befascinatedwith“着迷于”。所以要填fascinated/impressed。2.解析概括词汇题。根据第二段后两句可知帕利的观点与传统观点相反，所以要填Contrary。,worked/acted/,given,creativity,individual/personal,served/functioned,3.解析概括词汇题。根据第三段的第二句“Theauthors，.andthemembersofanothertoimaginetheywererigidlibrarians(peopleinthethirdcategory，thecontrolgroup，wereleftaloneforthispart).”可知，第三小组是对照组，故用固定搭配workas(担任)/actas(担当)/serveas(担任)/functionas(起作用)，所以填worked/acted/served/functioned。4.解析转换词汇题。根据第三段中的“Theresearchersthenpresentedparticipantswith10ordinaryobjects，.”可知，应用given与presented同义替换，所以要填given。5.解析原文词汇题。根据第三段的最后一句“Meanwhile，theresearchersfoundonlysmalldifferencesinstudentscreativitylevelsacrossacademicmajors.”可知，学生的创造性与他们的专业不成比例。所以填creativity。,6.解析原文词汇题。根据第四段的第一句可知创造性并不是个体的品质。所以填individual/personal。,7.解析原文词汇题。根据第五段的最后一句“Itworksbecause.awayofpositivelystimulatingthedefaultmodenetwork.”中的positively可知，要积极地刺激。所以填positively。8.解析概括词汇题。根据第五段的第一句可知帕利非常赞成把自己想象成别人的观点。subscribeto同意，赞成，固定搭配。所以填subscribes。,positively,subscribes,9.解析转换词汇题。根据最后一段的第一句“WhatmakesPillaysargumentstandoutisthehealthy，forgivingrealism.”可知，本段主要讲的是这个实验的现实意义。所以填realistic/practical。10.解析概括词汇题。根据文章倒数第二句可知，依据新观点，我们每天一半的时间都处于白日梦的状态会让我们更有创造力、并能允许自己做一些会让自己内疚的事情，这会让我们有理由原谅自己。所以填forgive。,realistic/,forgive,practical,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。创造性是促进社会进步的重要品质，哈佛大学教授帕利认为我们要摒弃传统观念，学会把自己想象成别人。以此促进人们的创造力发展。,B(2019如皋高三一模)Inanidealworld，weusuallygeteighthoursofsleepeverynight，andwakeupwithenoughenergybeforework.Butwhenwerestrugglingtobalancetheresponsibilitiesofeverydaylife，cuttingbackonsleepseemstobetheonlysolution.Manyofusrelyoncoffeeorenergydrinkstogetusthroughtheday，insteadofmakingsleepapriority.Sadly，asdeliciousasitcanbe，caffeineisnotthesolution.Beingtirednotonlybringsdownourenergylevels，butalsomakesuslessproductiveandlessmotivated.Thereareconcretestepsyoucantakerightnowtorenewyourenergy.,Awarenesscomesfirstbecauseyouhavetounderstandwhatsgoingonbeforeyoucandoanythingtochangeit.Mostofusaretoobusytonoticehowfatigue(疲劳)reallyaffectsourbodiesandminds.Whatsignsoftroubledoyouregularlydisplay？Thepatternsofyoursignsoftroublecangiveyoucluesaboutthenegativeeffectsofyourfatigue.Inaddition，itswisetostartthinkingaboutwhoevercanfeeltheeffectsofyourfatigue.Reflectingonthechoicesyouvemadecanprovideclarity，whichwillhelpyoufigureoutwhatneedstobechanged.Duringthisreflection，youwillbeabletounderstandmoreaboutyourselfandwhyyoudothethingsyoudo.Youmaydecidetoforgiveyourselfforthemistakesyouvemade.Thinkingaboutthepositiveaspectsofyourlifewillmakeyoufeelrefreshedandreadytomoveforward.,Conversingwithothersnotonlyprovidessupport，butalsoleadstonewperspectivesandfeedbackthatcanhelpwithtreatmentandwhatyouneedtoheal.Tostartwith，haveanopenmindandanopenheart.Limitcomplaining.Complaintsmayneedtobeairedinordertorelievepressure，butiftheydominate(占上风)，angerwillwin.Tellthetruth.Youdonotneedtotellpeopleeverything，butyoudoneedtobehonest.Listencarefullybecauseitshowsrespect.Thefourthstepisaboutrenewalgettingridofwhatisbr