医学英语速记大全

医学英语术语速记howtomastermedicaltermrapidly,认识世界的基本方法：3“w”原则,whatwhyhow,what,thrombocytopenialymphocyticleukemia,医学英语术语（medicalterm）:上述这些单词来源于希腊或拉丁词根,有特定的医学含义，我们将之统称为医学英语术语;医学术语学（medicalterminology）：将专门研究它的学问称为医学术语学:anintroductiontothelanguageofveterinaryandhumanmedicine.,上述的医学术语有的人可能不认识，但下面的单词相信您是认识的,carcinoma癌hepatitis肝炎cholesterol胆固醇,why,三个数字10万：医学辞典1.0万：常用医学词汇0.1万：每年医学新词,医学英语术语究竟有多少?很难说清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下1万条左右，若包括较常用的在内总有数万条；一部比较完全的医学词典，通常都收载有10万条左右的医学词汇。,随着医学及其边缘科学的迅猛发展，新的术语仍在与日俱增。特别是最近几十年来，每年差不多要出现1000条左右新术语。因而总的说来，医学英语术语的条数是一个非常可观的数量。,除了上述三个原因以外，还有一个“词条冗长”的问题。固然有些医学英语术语和普通的英语单词差不多，仅由几个字母或十几个字母组成，通过反复地读和写能够记住它们，但也有不少的医学英语术语，却是长长的一大串.,例如：cystoureteropyelonephritis膀胱输尿管肾盂肾炎hepatocholangioenterostomy肝管小肠吻合术,请看这样的医学英语术语，一般由30个字母组成，如果凭藉我们的记忆能力，硬是把它们一个字母一个字母地连续背下来，显然也不是一件轻松的事。,问题已经摆出来了，一个是数量大，一个是词条长，怎么解决呢?我们能不能仔细地研究分析一下这千千万万条医学英语术语的构成规律，找出一条“捷径”来，使其由多至少、化繁为简、从难变易，以利于我们更快、更多、更好地把它们掌握起来?,howtomastermedicaltermrapidly,规律性,medicalterm：按构词规则构成的词占80；另一部分是人名，药名等构成的词,占20；,先介绍几个有关词结构方面的概念。,词根是一个单词的核心词缀包括前缀和后缀（prefixandsuffix）词素（morpheme）泛指词根和词缀一条医学英语术语的构成，“原则上”应该是采用来源一致的词素。当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学英语术语时，为了读音上的便利，常常需要在两个词素之间额外加上一个“连合元音”(也叫“复合形”或“结合形”，combiningform)。一般说来，在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音“o”，而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音“i”(但有时也有例外)。,第一章医学英语术语构词规则,下面先举出几个例子，以便取得一个初步印象。,希腊词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素pyel十o十nephr十itis词根(肾盂)词根(肾)词尾(炎)pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎,希腊词素连合元音希腊词素连合元音希腊词素leuk+o+cyt+o+peria词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少，不足)1eukocytopenia白细胞减少,拉丁词素连合元音拉丁词素mult十i十para词根(多)词尾(产，产妇)multipara多产妇,拉丁词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素fibr十o十chondr+itis词根(纤维)词根(软骨)词尾(炎)fibrochondritis纤维软骨炎,医学术语分类,从属关系：词根+词缀关系并列关系：词根+词根,从属关系：词根+词缀关系,gastr+o+itisgastritis胃炎规则一：后缀以元音开头，“o”省略leuk+o+cyt+o+penia词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少）规则二：后缀以辅音开头，“o”不能省略leukocytopenia白细胞减少,并列关系：词根+词根规则：元音（o）不能省略,gastr+o+enter+o+ic胃肠的并列关系从属关系hepat+o+cholangi+o+enter+o+ostomy并列关系并列关系从属关系肝管小肠吻合,第二节常用后缀,简单后缀复合后缀,简单后缀:-ia(2),condition-病，-症,复合后缀：-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,-ectasia,-malacia,-odynia,-plegia,-uria,-penia,-peniadeficiency,lack不足，缺少,减少,leucopenia白细胞减少erythropenia红细胞减少lymphopenia淋巴细胞减少thrombopenia血小板减少,单词重音在倒数第二音节的词尾,-escence(2)adolescence-escent(2)adolescent-ian(2)pediatrician元音+tion(2)accomodation-ious(2)infectious-ate(2)reticulate-ity(2)disability,-uriaurinecondition尿（症）hematuria(hemat/uria)血尿,-plegiastroke,paralysis中风，麻痹,thermoplegia(therm/o/plegia)热射病，中暑,-odyniapain痛,cardiodynia心痛,-malaciasoftening软化,osteomalacia(oste/o/malacia)骨软化,-ectasiaorectasisstretching,dilatation扩张，膨胀,nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia)肾扩张,-ectasis扩张,angiectasis血管扩张bronchiectasis支气管扩张,-algiapain痛,arthralgia(atther/algia)关节痛neuralgia神经痛arthralgia关节痛,-emiabloodcondition血病,血症,leukemia(leuk/emia)白血病bacteremia菌血症septicemia败血症hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症,-orrhagia出血,gastrorrhagia胃出血,简单后缀-y:condition,act,process-术，-法，-症,复合后缀-metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)rrhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megaly,-scopy(3)examination,processofexaminingvisually镜检查，视诊,laryngoscopy喉镜检查bronchoscopy支气管镜检查gastroscopy胃镜检查colonoscopy结肠镜检查cystoscopy膀胱镜检查,-ostomyprocessofmakinganopeningintooraconnectionbetween开口或吻合造口(术)或吻合(术),anastomosis吻合术colostomy结肠造口术gastrostomy胃造口术,-(o)rrhaphysuturing,processofsuturing缝合术,Hermiorrhaphy疝缝术,疝修补术,-rrhaphy缝合术,colporrhaphy阴道缝合术herniorrhaphy疝缝合术,-plasty(4)surgicalreshapingorrepair成形术arthroplasty关节成形术urethroplasty尿道成形术osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty)骨成形术,成形术,-pexy,afixingorsettingfirmlyinplacebysuturing固定术hepatopexy肝固定手术,-ology(3)actorprocessofstudying学,Pharmacology药理学,-logist(3)onewhostudiesandtreats学者和治疗者,urologist(ur/o/logist)泌尿专家,-iatryoriatricshealing愈合,医.之术,podiatry医足术,-graphy(3)processofrecording描记术-graph(3)thatwhichrecords描记器-gram(3)therecorditself描记图,-ectomyexcision,processofcuttingout切除(术),laryngectomy喉切除术thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术mastectomy乳房切除术cholecystectomy胆囊切除术appendectomy阑尾切除术,-otomyincision,processofcuttinginto切开(术),laparotomy剖腹术tracheotomy气管切开术cramiotomy颅骨切开术,-metrymeasurement测量,测定(术）,dynamometry肌力测量法pelvimetry骨盆测量法,-megalylarge大,atriomegaly心房肥大ventriculomegaly心室扩大splenomegaly脾大typhlomegaly盲肠巨大,-eaninstrument器械或名词后缀,复合后缀：-scope,-tome,-cele,-cyte,-tomeinstrumentforcutting刀,arthrotome关节刀,-cytenounmarker,referringtoacell细胞,leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte)白细胞,-celehernia,herniation突出，疝，肿,thyrocele(thyr/o/cele)甲状腺肿,-scopeinstrumentforviewing镜,laryngoscope喉镜bronchoscope支气管镜laparoscope腹腔镜ophthalmoscope检眼镜,-itis(2)inflammation炎症hepatitis(hepat/itis)肝炎,-istonewhospecializesin的专家，学者,dermatologist皮肤病专家,-or(er)referstoadoer,eitherapersonorthing工作者(人或工具),incisor(in/cis/or)切牙,-osis(2)acondition,usuallyabnormalorpathological异常或病理情况sclerosis(scler/osis)硬化症,-oma(2)swelling,tumor肿胀，肿瘤,sarcoma(sar/oma)肉瘤,-ismacondition,usuallytheresultofapriorcondition情况，前一情况的结果,embolism(em/bol/ism)栓塞,-(i)um(2)referstoapartinrelationtoawhole,relatedto部分与整体关系，与有关,pericardium(peri/cardi/um)心包epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium)上腹部,-ac的,cardiac(cardi/ac)心脏的,-al的,bronchial(bronch/i/al)支气管的,-ar的,tonsillar(tonsill/ar)扁桃体的,-ic(2)的,hepatic(hepat/ic)肝的,-eal的,esophageal(esophag/eal)食道,-ary的,ciliary(cili/ary)睫状的,-ous的含的分泌的,mucous(muc/ous)粘液的fibrous(fibr/ous)纤维性的sebaceous(seb/ace/ous)皮脂的,-oid(3)类似，象,cystoid(cyst/oid)囊样的,-meterinstrumentformeasuring测量用器具,thermoneter(therm/o/meter)温度计,-meter(3)计、表,spiromet呼吸量计,肺量计ophthalmometer检眼计,-(o)rrhea(1)flow,discharge流出，分泌,diarrhea(dia/rrhea)腹泻,-lysisdissolution溶解decomposition解体,hemolysis(hem/o/lysist)溶血,-pathydisease,diseasedcondition病，病理情况,ophthalmopathy眼病,-blastacellthatisundifferentiated,primitive,embryonic未分化的原始胚细胞,hemocytoblast成血细胞、原血细胞,-centesissurgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid外科穿刺吸液,amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术,-centesis穿刺术,paracentesis穿刺术thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术abdominocentesis腹腔穿刺术,-clysiswashing,introductionoffluidforthepurposeofirrigation洗,bronchoclysis(bronch/o/clysis)支气管灌洗,-ptosisafalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan落下,nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis)肾下垂,-ptysis咳、咯,hemoptysis咯血pyoptysis咯脓,-(o)rrhexisrupture破裂,hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis)肝破裂,-sclerosisahardening硬化,arteriosclerosis(hepat/o/sclerosis)动脉硬化,-stasisarresting,halting停止，制止,bacteriostasis(bacteri/o/stasis)制菌作用,-stenosisanarrowing,astricture变狭，狭窄,arteriostenosis(arteri/o/stenosis)动脉狭窄,-gram图像,electrocardiogram心电图electroencephalogram脑电图,-graph描记器,pneumograph呼吸描记器,-emesis呕吐,emetic催吐的antiemetic止吐的,50个常用词根,adenangiarteriarthrblepharbronchcardicelicephalcerebr,glandvesselarteryjointeyelidbronchusheartabdomen(abdominalcavity)headcerebrum,brain,50个常用词根,cheilcholangidermatencephalentererythresophaggastrhepathypn,lipbileductskinbrainintestinesredesophagusstomachliversleep,50个常用词根,hysterlaparlaryngmammmeningmymyelmyelonnephrneur,uterusabdomenlarynxbreastmeningesmusclebonemarrow;spinalcordbonemarrowkidneynerve,50个常用词根,psychrachirhinsplenstomatthoractracheurethrutervesic,mindvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumnnosespleenmouththorax(chest)tracheaurethrauterusbladder;sac,50个常用词根,ophthalmorchidosteotpancreatpharyngphrenpleurpneumonproct,eyetestis;testicleboneearpancreaspharynxmindpleuralung;airrectum,第三节前缀a-,用于非h或非元音字母开头的形容词前（否则，变为an-）,a+adjadj表否定:withoutorabsenceof不,无,没有,缺离amorphous无定形的apnea呼吸暂停anhydrosis无汗症,a-,用在名词前,含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意：a+nadvasleep在熟睡中(in)ahead在前头(in)aside在一边（by）abreast肩并肩地（with）,a-,a+nadjalight燃烧的,a-,a+adjadvaloud高声地aright正确地,ab-from,awayfrom从，离开,在m,p,v之前用a-;在c,q,t之前用ab-abarticular关节脱位,ad-to,toward,near向，靠近，到上,adrenal肾上腺,ad-,在g前变为agf前变为af,afferent在l前变为al在n前变为an在r前变为ar在s前变为as在t前变为at在sc,sp,st前变为a-在c,k,q同化成ac,ana-up,backagain向上，重回到,anabolism合成代谢,ante-before在前anteflexion前屈,bi(n,s)two,double两，加倍,二,biceps二头肌,auto-self自己,autotrophic自营的,apo-upon在之上,apogee远地点,anti-against反抗,antidote解毒剂,antero-front前,anteroposterior前后的,circum-around环行，围绕,circumduction环行运动,brady-slow缓慢的,bradycardia心率缓慢,cata-down,catabiosis老化现象,co(n)-with,together与，在一起,cocarcimogenesis辅致癌物质,co(n)-,h或元音字母前变成co-,l前变成col-b,m,p前变成com-r前变成cor-在c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v前用con-,contra-against反抗,contraceptive节育,dia-though;complete通过，透过，横过,diarthermy透热法,di-twice,double二倍，加倍,diarthric两关节的,de-from;downfrom;lackof从.,缺乏，脱,deoxidation脱氧,dis-,apart,freefrom,separate,toundo;freefro离开，分开dislocation脱位，脱臼二，加倍disulfide,dys-bad,painful,difficult,labored,abnormal困难的，缓慢的，疼痛的.dysentery痢疾,ec(to)-outside,outer外面，在外,ectoderm外胚层,en-（在b,m,p之前变成em-）in,within内，在内,encephalic脑,endo-inside,inner,within内,内部,endocrine内分泌,eu-(mal-)good,well,normal好、正常，佳，优,euphoria欣快，精神愉快,epi-over,upon,on外面，上面,表，表位，在.上面,epigastrium上腹部,eso-inward,esocataphoria内下隐斜视,e-外出，除去，缺,ecaudate无尾的,ex（o）-outof,from,outside,outward外面，向外的,在之外，离开,excision切除在b,d,g,h,m,n,r之前有时变成e-在f前变成ef-efferent传出的,extra-outsideof,beyond在外面，超过,extracorporeal体外的,hemi-half(一)半,hemiparalysis偏瘫,hyper-above,excessive高，过度，过多的,hypertention高血压,hypo-under,lessthannormal,below,incomplete,deficient低少于正常,低，不足的，有缺陷的,hypoglycemia低血糖,in-in,into在内,进入,ingestion摄入,in-not否定,不,incoagulability不凝性在b,m,p之前变成im-在l前变成il-在r前变成ir-,infra-below,lower在下,低于,infracostal肋下的,intra-within（在）内,intravenous静脉的,inter-between在-之间,interventricular室间的,meta-after,beyond,change偏,旁,变macro-large大mal-bad,malnutrition营养不良meso-middlemesoderm中胚层,micro-small小multi-many多neo-（paleo-）new新nulli-none无,ob-（在c,f,g,p前分别变成oc-,of-,og-,op-）对抗，颠倒，在前，朝向，接近,obovate倒卵形的,pan-all,total(在b,m,p之前变成pam-)完全，全部，总，泛，多,panangitis血管全层炎,para-beside,alongside,abnormal,beyond,around旁，附着，异常,paranephric肾旁的，肾上腺的(-para)产,per-through通过,peroral经口的,post-after,behind在后，在-后方,postnasal鼻后的,peri-surrounding(outer),around周围,perihepatitis肝周炎,pre-before,infrontof,premolar前磨牙,semi-half半,semisynthetic半合成的,pros-to,near,inadditionto到，靠近，加上,prosthetice修复学,pro-before,infrontof在之前,prognosis预后,poly-many,much,polypeptide多肽,re-backretro-back;behind,sub-under,below在下,subcutaneous皮下的,supra-above,over高于，超过,supracranial颅上的,super-above,over高于，超过,superlactation泌乳过多,syn-（在b,m,p之前变成sym-）with,together,joined与在一起，合成,synapse突触，神经键,trans-across,through,over,beyond,transabdominal通过腹部的,tachy-fast;rapid,tachycardia心动过速,tetra-four,tetralogy四联症,tri-threetrimester三月期uni-oneunilateral单侧的,ultra-beyond;excess,ultrasonic超声的,part各系统常用词根与例词表,第一章心血管系统,cardi(o)-心,cardiovascular心血管的cardiogenic心源性的cardiopulmonary心肺的cardiopathy心脏病,atri(o)-心房,atrial心房的atriopeptin心房肽激素atrioventricular房室的atriomegaly心房肥大,ventricul(o)-心室,ventricular(心)室的ventriculoarterial心室动脉的ventriculography心室造影术ventriculomegaly心室扩大,valv(o)-valvul(o)-瓣膜,valvular瓣膜的valvotomy瓣膜切开术valvoplasty瓣膜成形术valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术,vas(o)-angi(o)血管,vascular血管的vasoconstriction血管收缩vasodilator血管舒张(的)vasculitis脉管angiography血管造影术angiotensin血管紧张素,arteri(o)-动脉,arterial动脉的arteriography动脉造影术arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arteritis动脉炎,arteriol(o)-小动脉,arteriolar小动脉的arterioloscleroisis小动脉硬化arteriolopathy小动脉病arteriolonecrosis小动脉坏死arteriolitis小动脉炎arteriolovenous小动脉静脉的,ven(o)-phleb(o)-静脉,venous静脉的venoconstriction静脉收缩venography静脉造影术venodilation静脉扩张phlebitis静脉炎phlebotomy静脉切开术,venul(o)-小静脉,venular小静脉的venulitis小静脉炎,aort(o)主动脉,aortic主动脉的aortography主动脉造影术aortitis主动脉炎aortotomy主动脉切开术,capillar(o)-毛细血管,capillarity毛细作用capillaritis毛细管炎capillaropathy毛细血管病,puls(o)-脉搏,pulsed脉搏的，脉冲的pulseless无脉搏的pulsation搏动pulsate搏动,第二章呼吸系统,-spir(o)呼吸,respiratory呼吸的expiratory呼气的inspiratory吸气的expire呼气,pneum(o)-呼吸,pneumothorax气胸pneumomediastinum纵隔积气,pneumat(o)-呼吸,pneumatic气的，呼吸的pneumotosis积气症,-pnea呼吸,apnea呼吸暂停dyspnea呼吸困难,pneo-呼吸,eupnea呼吸正常pneogram呼吸运动描记图,naso-鼻,nasal鼻的nasolacrimal鼻泪的,nas(o)-鼻,nasopharyngeal鼻咽的nasotracheal鼻气管的,rhin(o)-鼻,rhinitis鼻炎rhinotracheitis鼻气管rhinovirus鼻病毒rhinopneumonitis鼻肺炎,laryng(o)-喉,laryngeal喉的laryngitis喉炎laryngoscope喉镜laryngoscopy喉镜检查,glott(o)-声门,舌,glottic声门的，舌的glottal声门的glottitis舌炎glottology舌学,trache(o)-气管,tracheal气管的trachectomy气管切开术trachitis气管炎tracheobronchial气管支气管的,bronch(o)-支气管,bronchial支气管的bronchoconstriction支气管收缩bronchitis支气管炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张bronchopulmonary支气管肺的,bronchiol(o)-细支气管,bronchiolitis细支气管炎bronchioli(bronchiolus复数)bronchiolar细支气管的bronchiolectasis细支气管扩张,pulmo(n)-肺,pulmonary肺的pulmonology肺科学pulmonectomy全肺切除术,pneumon(o)-肺,pneumonia肺炎pneumonectomy肺切除术pneumoconiosis尘肺病pneumococcal肺炎球菌的pneumocyte肺细胞,alveol(o)-肺泡,alveolar小泡的alveolitis肺泡炎alveoli(alveoli复数)alveolocapillary肺泡毛细管的,pleur(o)-胸膜,pleural胸膜的pleuritis肺胸膜炎pleurisy胸膜炎pleuropneumonia胸膜肺炎,第三章消化系统,-gest(o)-消化,digestive消化的maldigestion消化不良ingestion食入，摄入indigestion消化不良,peps(o)-消化,pepsin胃蛋白酶pepstatin胃酶抑素dyspepsia消化不良pepsinogenic胃蛋白原的,pharyng(o)-咽,pharyngeal咽的pharyngo1aryngeal咽喉的pharyngitis咽炎pharyngotonsillitis咽扁桃体炎pharyngoplasty咽成形术pharyngectomy咽部分切除术,esophag(o)-食管,esophageal食管的esophagectomy食管切除术esophagitis食管炎esophagoscopy食管镜检查,gastr(o)-胃,gastrointestinal胃肠的gastrin促胃液素gastric胃的gastritis胃炎gastrectomy胃切除术gastroenterology胃肠病学,stomach-胃,stomachial胃的stomachodynia胃痛stomachalgia胃痛stomachoscopy胃检查,enter(o)-肠,enterotoxin肠毒素enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科enteric,enteral肠的enterococcus肠球菌科,duoden(o)-十二指肠,duodenal十二指肠的duodenogastric十二指肠胃的duodenitis十二指肠炎duodenoscopy十二指肠镜检查,jejun(o)-空肠,jejunal空肠的jejunoileal空肠回肠的jejunitis空肠炎jejunostomy空肠造口术,ile(o)-回肠,ileal回肠的ileocolic回肠结肠的ileitis回肠炎ileocolostomy回肠结肠吻合术ileocecal回肠盲肠的ileorectal回肠直肠的,colon(o)-结肠,colonic结肠的colonoplasty结肠成形术colonoscopy结肠镜检查colonofibroscope纤维结肠镜,cec(o)-盲肠,cecal盲肠的cecoapendicular盲肠阑尾的cecocolonic盲肠结肠的cecorectal盲肠直肠的,typhl(o)-盲肠,typhlitis盲肠炎typhlostomy盲肠造口术typhlocolitis盲肠结肠炎typhlomegaly盲肠巨大,appendic(o)-阑尾,appendicitis阑尾炎appendiceal阑尾的append(ic)ectomy阑尾切除术,sigmoid(o)-乙状结肠,sigmoidal乙状结肠的sigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查sigmoiditits乙状结肠炎sigmoidostomy乙状结肠造口术,rect(o)-直肠,rectal直肠的rectocolitis直肠结肠炎rectoromanoscopy直肠乙状结肠镜检查,an(o)-肛门,anal肛门的anorectal肛门直肠的perianal肛周的anoscopy肛门镜检查,procto(co)-肛门,proctalgia肛门痛proctatresia肛门闭锁,arch(o)肛门,architis肛门炎archoptosis脱肛,cholecyst(o)-orcyst-胆囊,cholecystitis胆囊炎cholecystography胆囊造影术cho1ecystokinin缩胆素cholecystectomy胆囊切除术cholecystotomy胆囊切开术cholecyststomy胆囊造口术,jec-肝,jecoral肝的jecoicacid肝酸,hepat(o)-肝,hepatic肝的heparin肝素hepatitis肝炎hepatocellular肝细胞的,pancreat(o)-胰,pancreatic胰的pancreatin胰酶pancreatitis胰腺炎pancreatopeptidase胰肽酶,choledoch(o)-胆总管,choledochal胆总管的choledochocele胆总管囊肿,cholangi(o)-胆管,cholangitis胆管炎cholangiopancreatography胆管胰造影术cholangiography胆管造影术,第四章泌尿系统,urin(o)-尿,urinary尿的，泌尿的urinalysis尿分析（法）urination排尿,ur(o)-uron(o)-尿,urology泌尿学urodynamics尿动力学uremia尿毒症urogenital泌尿生殖器的,ren(o)-肾,renal肾的renography肾x线照相术renin肾素renovascular肾血管的,nephr(o)-肾,nephrology肾病学nephrectomy肾切nephropathy肾病变nephritis肾炎nephron肾单位nephrotoxicity肾毒性,pelvi-肾盂,pelviscopy肾盂检查术ueteropelvic输尿管肾盂的pelviplasty肾盂成形术pelviureteral肾盂输尿管的,pyel(o)-肾盂,pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pyelography肾盂造影术,ureter(o)-输尿管,ureteral输尿管的ureteroscopy输尿管镜检查ureteric输尿管的ureterocele输尿管囊肿,vesic(o)-膀胱,vesical膀胱的vesicostomy膀胱造口术vesicovaginal膀胱阴道的veslcorectal膀胱直肠的,cyst(o)-膀胱,cystic囊(膀胱，胆囊)的cystoscopy膀胱镜检查cystitis膀胱炎cystostomy膀胱造口术,meat(o)-尿道,meatal道的，口的meatoscope尿道窥镜meatotomy尿道口切开术meatoplasty尿道成形术,urethr(o)-尿道,urethral尿道的urethritis尿道炎urethrotomy尿道切开术urethroplasty尿道成形术,第五章内分泌系统,secret(o)-分泌,secretory分泌的secretagogue促分泌的secrete分泌secretin促胰液素,crin(o)-分泌,endocrinology内分泌学endocrinopathy内分泌病endocrine内分泌的autocrine自分泌,gland腺,prostaglandin前列腺素glandula腺，小腺glandular腺的,aden(o)-腺,adenosine腺(嘌呤核)苷adenovirus腺病毒adenocarcinoma腺癌adenoma腺瘤,hypothalam(o)-下丘脑,hypothalamic下丘脑的hypothalamitis下丘脑炎hypothalamoneurohypophyseal下丘脑-神经垂体系统,hypophys(o)-垂体,hypophyseal垂体的pituitarism垂体机能障碍hypophysiotropic促垂体的hypophysectomy垂体切除术hypophyseoprivic垂体分泌缺乏的,pineal(o)松果体,pinealopathy松果体病pinealectomy松果体切除术pinealoma松果体瘤pinealism松果体机能障碍,thyr(o)-甲状腺,thyroiditis甲状腺炎thyroxine甲状腺素hyrotrophin促甲状腺激素thyroglobulin甲状腺球蛋白triiodothyronine三碘甲腺原氨酸,adren(o)-肾上腺,odrenaline肾上腺素adrenergic肾上腺素能的adrenoceptor肾上腺素能受体adrenocorticotrophic促肾上腺素皮质的,gonad(o)-性腺,gonadotropin促性腺激素gonadal性腺的gonadorelin促性腺激素释放激素,第六章肌肉骨骼系统,muscul(o)-肌肉,muscular肌的musculoskeletal肌骨胳的musculotendinous肌腱的,my(o)-肌肉,myocardial心肌的myopathy肌病myocyte肌细胞myometrium子宫肌层,osse(o)-骨,osseocartilaginous骨软骨的osseous骨的,oste(o)-骨,osteoporosis骨质疏松症osteosarcoma骨肉瘤osteoarthritis骨关节炎osteomyelitis骨髓炎,cartilagin(o)-软骨,cartilaginoid软骨样的cartilaginous软骨的,chondr(o)-软骨,chondrocyte软骨细胞chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤,ten(o)-tend(o)腱,tendomyopathy肌腱炎tendosynovitis腱鞘炎tendinitis腱炎tenalgia腱痛,ligament(o)-韧带,ligamentous韧带的ligamentrupture韧带破裂,skelet(o)-骨骼,skeletal骨骼的skeletology骨骼学,crani(o)-颅骨,cranial颅的craniotomy颅骨切开术,spin(o)-脊柱,spinal棘的，脊柱的spinogram脊柱x线照片,rachi(o)-脊柱,rachitic佝偻病的rachischisis脊柱裂rachialgia脊柱痛rachianesthesia脊髓麻醉,coccyg(o)-尾骨,coccygeal尾骨的coccyalgia尾骨痛,sacr(o)-骶骨,sacral骶骨的sacroiliac骶髂的,cost(o)肋骨,costal肋骨的costochondral肋骨软骨的,stern(o)-胸骨,sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的,ischi(o)-坐骨,ischial/ischiatic坐骨的ischiopupic坐骨耻骨的,articul(o)-arthr(o)-关节,articular关节的arthritis关节炎,第七章液体、分泌物与免疫系统,humor-液体,humoral体液的humoralism体液学说,sangui-血液,sanguineous血液的sanguinopurulent脓血的,hema-血液,hemafecia便血hemacytometer血细胞计数器,hem(o)-血液,hemostasis止血，血停止hemopoletlc生(造)血的heme血红素hemolysin溶血素hemophilia血友病hemodilution血液稀释,haem(o)-血液,hemorrhage出血hemolytic溶血的hemoglobin血红蛋白hemodialysis血液透析,haemat(o)-血液,hematology血液学hematocrit血细胞比容hemttoma血肿hematuria血尿,hemat(o)-血液,hematologic血液学的hematogenous血原性的,plasm(o)-血浆,plasmin纤维蛋白溶解酶plasminogen纤维蛋白溶酶原,sero-血清,serotonin血清素serodiagnosis血清学诊断,lymph(o)淋巴,lymphocyte淋巴细胞lymphoadenitis淋巴结炎,lact(o)-乳,lactic乳的lactate乳酸盐lactation泌乳lactogen催乳素,galact(o)-乳,galactorrhea乳溢galactopoietic生（催）乳的galactic（催）乳液的galactocele乳腺囊肿,bili-胆汁,biliary胆汁（道、囊）的bilirubin胆红素,chole-胆汁,cholelithiasis胆石病cholemia胆血症,saliv(o)-唾液,salivary唾液的，涎的salivation流涎，多涎,muc(o)-粘液,mucoid粘液（样）的mucous粘液的，分泌粘液的mucoprotein粘蛋白mucocele粘液囊肿（息肉）,myx(o)-粘液,myxoma粘液瘤myxedema粘液水肿,blenn(o)-粘液,blennadenitis粘液腺炎blennothorax粘液胸,sud(o)汗液,sudomotor催汗的，促汗的sudation发汗,hidr(o)-汗液,hidradenitis汗腺炎hidrorrhea多汗症，大汗,sput(o)-痰,sputal痰的expectoran祛痰的，祛痰药,fecal(o)-粪,fecal粪便的fecaloma粪结,copr(o)-粪,coproculture粪培养coprostasis便结，粪结,immun(o)-免疫,immunology免疫学immunodeficiency免疫缺陷immunization免疫（接种）immune免疫，有免疫应答的immunity免疫力immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白,thym(o)-胸腺,thymic胸腺的thymoma胸腺瘤,splen(o)-脾,splenic脾的splenomegaly脾大splenectomy脾切除术splenorenal脾肾的,allerg(o)-,allergic变应性的allergosis变应性病allergen变应原a11ergization致敏作用,antigen(o)-抗原,antigenic抗原的antigenicity抗原性,第八章生殖与人类学系统,genit(o)-生殖器,genital生殖的，生殖器的genitourinary泌尿生殖的genitoplasty生殖器成形术,gyne(o)-女性,gynecology妇科学gynecopathy妇科病,ovari(o)-卵巢,ovarian卵巢的ovariectomy卵巢切除术ovariorrhexis卵巢破裂ovarlocentests卵巢穿刺术,uter(o)-子宫,uterotonic子宫收缩的(剂)uteroplacental子宫胎盘的uterovaginal子宫阴道的,hyster(o)-子宫,hysterectomy子宫切除术hysterotomy子宫切开术hysteroscopy子宫镜检查hysteria癔病,metr(o)-子宫,metronidazole甲硝唑metrorrhagia子宫出血metrocarcinoma子宫癌metritis子宫炎,oviduct(o