Unit6_The_making_of_a_surgeon.ppt

,surgeon与doctor,Surgeon(外科医生)meansadoctorwhoperformsoperations;Doctor(医生)meansapersonwhoknowshowtotreatdiseases.Therefore,physicians(内科医生),dentists(牙医)andsurgeons(?)arealldoctors.,Thetitleofthetext:TheMakingofaSurgeon,Thetitlemeans“Thecauseofasurgeonssuccess.”Translatedas“外科医生的成功之道”“making”meansofgainingsuccess“成功之道”;e.g.Theperseverancewasthemakingofthewriter.(坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。),而inthemaking=intheprocessofbeingmade;readytobeproduced“在制造中，在酝酿中”；,e.g.Ourplansarestillinthemaking.(我们的计划还在酝酿之中。)另外，makings=thequalitiesneeded(具有)成为所需的素质；e.g.Hehasthemakingsofagooddoctor.(他具有成为好医生的素质。),residentv.s.residency,Resident:（实习结束后进入高级训练阶段的）住院医生；doctorwholivesinthehospitalandcontinuepracticingaftercompletinghisinternship（n.美实习医生或实习教师、实习生的职位或职务；实习生）.Residency:(高级专科)住院实习期；thelaststageofadoctorstrainingatahospital.,I.Warming-upexercisesII.AbriefIntroductiontothetextIII.DetailedexplanationofthetextIV.SummaryofthetextV.LanguagepointsVI.Homework,TeachingProcedures,Inyouropinion,howcanapersonbesuccessful?,(hard-working,lucky,chance,opportunity,healthy,intelligence,self-confidence),Asfarasadoctorisconcerned,whatshouldbethemostimportantfactor(因素)forhimtobesuccessful?,(self-confidence),“Self-confidenceisthefirstrequisite(必要条件)togreatundertakings(事业).”SamuelJohnson,surgeon,n.doctorwhoperformsoperations外科医生,self-confidence,n.自信心,making,n.meansofgainingsuccess成功之道,resident,n.住院医生,conclude,vt.arriveatabelieforopinionbyreasoning得出结论,surgical,a.of,by,orforsurgery外科的；手术的,competently,ad.withthenecessaryskill称职地；胜任地,near,vt.approach;comecloserto,competenta.,emergency,n.suddenanddangeroushappeningneedingimmediateaction紧急情况；急症,encounter,vt.befacedwith(difficulties,danger,etc.);meetunexpectedly遭到；意外地遇见,dread,vt.feargreatly畏惧,critical,a.importantatatimeofdangeranddifficulty紧要的；关键性的,particular,a.belongingtosomeoneperson,thing,oroccasion特定的,case,n.instanceofdiseaseorinjury病例,infrequently,ad.seldom;notoften,relax,vi.becomelesstense放松,relaxationn.,residency,n.thelaststageofadoctorstrainingatahospital高级专科住院实习(期),constant,a.happeningallthetime;unchanging不断的；始终如一的,resolve,vt.solve解决,considered,a.carefullythoughtout经过深思熟虑的,resolutionn.,dwell(dwelt;dwelled),vi.live(inaplace)居住,bound,a.verylikely;certain一定的；必然的,sound,a.correct;basedongoodjudgment正确的；合理的,confident,a.sureofoneselfandonesabilities自信的,confidencen.,handle,vt.manage,dealwith处理,butterfly,n.蝴蝶,abdomen,n.belly腹(部),anticipate,vt.seebeforehand预期,anticipationn.,sweat,n.dowrong,operate,vi.performasurgicaloperation动手术,surgery,n.外科；外科手术,sole,a.unshared;oneandonly唯一的,responsibility,n.责任，责任心,avoid,vt.escape;keeporgetawayfrom避免,conceited,a.havetoohighanopinionofoneself自负的,conceit,n.toohighanopinionofoneself,trying,a.hardtoendureorbear;verydifficult难受的；恼人的,bother,vt.annoy,trouble烦扰，麻烦,uncertainty,n.uncertaincondition;doubt,conf_d_nt,c_ncl_de,c_mp_tent,cr_t_cal,res_l_tion,c_ns_dered,ant_c_pate,s_rg_ry,c_nce_t,respons_b_l_ty,in_v_tably,infr_qu_ntly,e,i,o,u,o,e,i,i,o,u,o,i,i,i,u,e,o,i,i,i,i,e,i,e,e,ThisarticleiswrittenbyDr.WilliamNolen,awell-knownAmericansurgeonandauthor.Do.Nolenrevealstousinhisarticlethathe,asadoctor,hadgonealongwaybeforehebecameasurgeon.Then,whatquality,accordingtoDr.Nolen,isessentialinthemakingofasurgeonandatwhatpointoftimedoesadoctorfinallybecomeasurgeon?,Afamoussurgeontellsabouttheimportanceofself-confidencefromhisownexperience.,THEMAKINGOFASURGEON,Dr.Nolen,Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.,THEMAKINGOFASURGEON,Dr.Nolen,Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.,doctor,physician内科医生,surgeon外科医生,specialist专科医生,dentist牙科医生,obstetrician产科医生,pediatrician儿科医生,surgeon外科医生,THEMAKINGOFASURGEON,Dr.Nolen,Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.,resident住院医生,intern(实习医生)residentsurgeon,Internship+residency=35years,Backgroundinformation,CareerinmedicineintheU.S.(行医在美国)在美国作医生得先修完四年本科课程，至少先读四年大学，获得学士学位，然后在医学院再学习四年。毕业后一般先在医院作实习医生，接受训练和指导。要和医生一起巡视病房，帮助处理急诊。之后做“住院医生”。住院医生所担负的责任比实习医生要大，除了应继续向同行学习、专研业务外，还要经常在手术台旁作有经验的医生的助手，同时也接替在职医生处理急诊。住院医生在住院期间如表现突出，可提升为住院长，负起更多的责任。当实习医生及住院医生的年限，根据所学的专业的不同，或三年或五年不等。,ThreetypesofdoctorsintheU.S.美国医生的三种类型,一、全科医生(generalpractitioner)治疗所有常见疾病。在有些需要专门技术的病例中，患者要被介绍去看专家(也即，第二种医生)。二、专科医生(specialist),专科医生可分为牙科医生(dentist),儿科医生(pediatrican)，外科医生(surgeon)，内科医生(physician)，产科医生(obstertrician)等。三、医学研究者，他们同样受过医学训练，但不行医，只在医学院或大学的医学中心从事医学研究与教学工作。,Theanswer,Iconcluded,wasself-confidence.Whenyoucansaytoyourself,“ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently,treatjustaswellasorbetterthananyothersurgeon”then,andnotuntilthen,youareindeedasurgeon.Iwasnearingthatpoint.,我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明。,Whatisthemostimportantforadoctortobecomeasurgeonfinally?,(AccordingtoDo.Nolen,self-confidenceisessential(重要的)inthemakingofasurgeon,andonlywhenadoctorhasbuiltupperfectconfidenceinhimselforherself,willheorshereallybeasurgeon.),Question1:,Howcanyouunderstand“Iwasnearingthatpoint”?,(IwasnearingtimewhenIwasindeedasurgeon.),Question2:,Take,forexample,theemergencysituationsthatweencounteredalmosteverynight.ThefirstfewmonthsoftheyearIhaddreadedtheringingofthetelephone.Iknewitmeantanothercriticaldecisiontobemade.Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation,Idhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.Idreviewallthefactsofthecaseand,notinfrequently,wonderifIhadntmadeapoordecision.Morethanonceattwoorthreeinthemorning,afterlyingawakeforanhour,Idgetoutofbed,dressanddrivetothehospitaltoseethepatientmyself.ItwastheonlywayIcouldfindthepeaceofmindIneededtorelax.,emergencysituations紧急情况,criticaldecision关键性的决定,particularsituation特殊情况,我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情,常常会怀疑自己是否作出了不妥的决定。,这是我能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静的唯一方法。,Accordingtopara.3,howdidtheauthortrytofindthepeaceofmindheneededtorelax?,Question3:,(Togetoutofbed,todressandtodrivetothehospitaltoseethepatienthimself.),Now,inthelastmonthofmyresidency,sleepingwasnolongeraproblem.TherewerestillsituationsinwhichIcouldntbecertainmydecisionhadbeentherightone,butIhadlearnedtoacceptthisasaconstantproblemforasurgeon,onethatcouldneverbecompletelyresolvedandIcouldlivewithit.So,onceIhadmadeaconsidereddecision,Inolongerdweltonit.ReviewingitwasntgoingtohelpandIknewthatwithmyknowledgeandexperience,anydecisionIdmadewasboundtobeasoundone.Itwasanicefeeling.,Here“it”referstothepreceding(前面的)sentence“TherewerestillsituationsinwhichIcouldntbecertainmydecisionhadbeentherightoneaconstantproblemthatcouldneverbecompletelyresolved”,considereddecision深思熟虑的决定,Whatcanwelearnfrompara.4?,Question4:,(self-confidencehelpshimwhenheismakingadecision.),IntheoperatingroomIwasequallyconfident.IknewIhadtheknowledge,theskill,theexperiencetohandleanysurgicalsituationIdeverencounterinpractice.TherewerenomorebutterfliesinmystomachwhenIopenedupanabdomenorachest.Iknewthatevenifthecasewasoneinwhichitwasimpossibletoanticipatetheprobleminadvance,IcouldhandlewhateverIfound.Idsweatedthroughmyshareofstabwoundsofthebelly,ofpuncturedlungs,ofcompoundfractures.Ihadsweatedoverthemforfiveyears.Ididntneedtosweatanymore.,butterfliesinonesstomachafeelingoffearoranxiety紧张不安，忐忑不安,Idbeennervousandfilledwithanxietywhilepainstakinglytreatingtheseriousinjuriesthatcometoeveryyoungdoctorsuchseriousinjuriesasstabwoundsintheabdomen,puncturedlungsandcompoundfractures.我战战兢兢地治疗过交在我手下的腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例。,Canyoufindthetopicsentenceinpara.5?,Question5:,(Thefirstsentence:Intheoperatingroom,Iwasequallyconfident.),NorwasIafraidofmakingmistakes.IknewthatwhenIwasoutinpracticeIwouldinevitablyerratonetimeoranotherandoperateonsomeonewhodidntneedsurgeryorsitonsomeonewhodid.FiveyearsearlierevenoneyearearlierIwouldnthavebeenabletolivewithmyselfifIhadhadtotakesoleresponsibilityforamistakeinjudgment.NowIcould.IstilldreadederrorswoulddomybesttoavoidthembutIknewtheywerepartofasurgeonslife.IcouldacceptthisfactwithcalmnessbecauseIknewthatifIwasntabletoavoidamistake,chanceswerethatnoothersurgeoncouldhave,either.,whenIcompletedmyresidencyperiodandbegantoworkonmyownasasurgeon当我出去开业行医时,itwasmostlikelythatnoothersurgeoncouldhaveavoidedthemistake.那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。,Accordingtopara.6,whatstheauthorsattitudetowardserrors?,Question6:,(Hetriedhisbesttoavoiderrors,buthewasnotafraidofthem,becauseheknewhewasntabletoavoidamistake,neithercouldothersurgeons.),Frompara.46,wecanconcludethatself-confidencehelpstheauthor_.,a.whenismakingadecision,b.whenheisperforminganoperation,c.whenhehasmademistakes,d.alloftheabove,Question7:,ThisallsoundsconceitedandIguessitisbutasurgeonneedsconceit.Heneedsittoencouragehimintryingmomentswhenhesbotheredbythedoubtsanduncertaintiesthatarepartofthepracticeofmedicine.Hehastofeelthathesasgoodasandprobablybetterthananyothersurgeonintheworld.Callitconceitcallitself-confidence;whateveritwas,Ihadit.,Howdoyouunderstand“asurgionneedsconceit”?Doyouagreewiththeauthor?Whyorwhynot?,(Asurgeonneedsself-confidence.),Question8:,Whatisthemainideaofthetext?,a.Youngsurgeonslosealotofsleep.,b.Self-confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon.,c.Agoodsurgeonisonewhomakesnomistakes.,d.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.,Question9:,PartI(para.1-2):Theauthorputsforwardhisideaself-confidenceisvitaltothemakingofasurgeon.,Organizationofthetext,PartIII(para.7):Theauthorcomestoaconclusionthathehasself-confidence.,PartII(para.3-6):Theauthortriestosupporthisideareasonsandexamples.,Writingskill,Argumentation,PartI:thesis(论点),PartII:supporters(论据),PartIII:conclusion(结论),reasons,examples,topicsentence(主题句),illustrating(举例),reasoning(说理),1.Grammaticalstructures,(L12)Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation,Idhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.,(L12)Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation,Idhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.,eg.Suchapleasantgirlasshehasnotroublemakingfriendswithpeople.,Theboyhadalotoftroublegettingupearlyinwinter.,HehasproblemspellingEnglishwords.,.Grammaticalstructures,(L21)So,onceIhadmadeaconsidereddecision,eg.Onceagoodbeginningismade,youwillhavenofurtherdifficultyoperatingthemachine.,OnceshebegantowriteinEnglish,shefelthowweakshewasinthelanguage.,(L5)ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently.,Icantreatanysurgicalpatientcompetently.,eg.Hisdogwilleatalmostanything.Hisdogwillnoteatalmostnothing.,JohniscalledMr.Fixitbecausehecanfixalmostanything.JohniscalledMr.Fixitbecausehecannotfixalmostnothing.,cometoanend结束,eg.,Thissemesterisdrawingtoaclose.,Theyearsoondrewtoitsclose.,drawtoaclose,.Wordsandphrases,treat:治疗cure:治愈,eg.,Whichdoctorsare_herforherillness?,Thebonefracture(断裂)inthetruckdriversleftlegwasbeingcarefully_.,Thismedicineshould_youofyourcold.,treating,treated,cure,encountermeet,eg.,Hepromisedto_herattheairport.,OnthetrainI_(偶然遇见)anoldfriendofminewhoIhadnotseenforyears.,meet,encountered,Encounterisasynonym(同义词)formeet.Itisamoreformalwordandstronglyimpliesanunexpectedmeeting.,particular,special,特别，特殊,particular:指在一定范围某一特定的事物或人,special:泛指特殊的，特别的,particular,special,特别，特殊,eg.,Asfarasfruitsareconcerned,Ihaveno_taste.,Asaman,hehasnothing_.,particular,special,Thebusdriverisusuallypolite,butinthis_casehelosthistemper.,_attentionwasgiventotheorphangirl.,particular,Special,livewith,accept(sth.unpleasant)忍受，接受,eg.,Mostofusdontlikethenewregulations,butwehavetolearntolivewiththem.,Youmustlivewiththefastthatyouarenolongerashealthyasyouwere.,比较：putupwith忍受,cometotermswith接受，妥协,dwellon,thinkabout,speakorwritealotabout多想,eg.,Letbygonesbebygones.Dontdwellsomuchonthepast.,Thespeakerdweltonthatpointformorethananhour.,beboundto,becertainto;besureto确实能，有把握,eg.,Youareboundtosucceedifyoukeepontrying.,Itsboundtorain.Look!Thecloudsaregatheringquickly.,inpractice,在实际工作中,intheory在理论上inprinciple在原则上inreality在现实中,operateon,cutthebodyinordertosetrightorremoveadiseasedpart,eg.,Haveyoueverbeenoperatedon?,Illhavetohavemystomachoperatedon.,siton,neglect;donothingbout忽视,eg.,Isentinmyapplicationingoodtime,butthesecretarysatonitforamonth.,Weshouldnotsitonthosewhoneedhelp.,自信心即将结束不止一次做决定在某一特定情况下不妥当的决定寻找内心的平静,self-confidencedrawtoacloseonmorethanoneoccasionmakeadecisioninaparticularsituationapoordecisionfindthepeaceofmind,深思熟虑的决定手术室经常遇到的问题开业提前容忍说不定何时承担全部责任,aconsidereddecisiontheoperatingroomaconstantproblembeinpracticeinadvancelivewithatonetimeoranothertakesoleresponsibilityfor,判断上的失误考验人的时刻为某人做手术生活中的一部分,amistakeinjudgmenttryingmomentsoperateonsomeonebepartofoneslife,PlasticsurgeryTheMakingofaHero城镇居民紧急呼叫松懈(努力)念叨过去,整形外科/整形手术钢铁是怎样炼成的CityresidentsEmergencycallRelaxoneseffortsDwellonthepast,预支收入简单/不费力背后捅刀Abellylaugh肺穿孔人非圣贤独家代理,AnticipateonesincomeNosweat.Sheback捧腹大笑ApuncturedlungToerrishuman.Soleagent,KEYFOREXERCISE,IIbdcdcaba,III,1)livewith2)resolve3)encounter4)sole5)drawingtoaclose6)anticipated7)dwelton8)saton9)hadbutterfliesinhisstomach10)conceited,III,1)openup2)relaxed3)emergency4)concluded5)livewith6)atonetimeoranother7)particular8)surgery9)wassweating10)competently11)inadvance12)inpractice,III1)IwasconfidentthatIwouldwintherace./Iwasconfidentofwinningtherace.2)Withdeterminationandhardwork,youareboundtosucceedeventually.3)Theburglarwalkedveryfastinordertoavoidbeingseenbythepolicemanbehind.4)Drivingacarafterdrinkingalcoholwillinevitablyleadtoanaccidentorarrestbythepolice.5)Youmusttake(full)responsibilityforlosingthemoney.6)Greatsuccessatsuchanearlyagemadetheyoungbusinessmanquiteaconceitedfellow.,1)absence2)efficiency3)independence4)silence5)confidence6)patience7)distance8)competence/competency,9)Frequence/frequency10)presence11)importance12)permanence/permanency13)constancy14)emergence/emergency15)evidence,IV,1)efficiency2)emergency3)absence4)confidence5)frequency6)distance7)presence8)independence,1)haveenriched2)hadenjoyed3)ensured4)endeared5)enabled6)endanger7)enlarge8)havebeenembodied9)empower10)entitle,IV,1)Illgetyouone2)Imthinkingofgettinganewone3)mustbuysomebiggerones4)Theoneatthefront5)haveeatenallthesoftones6)decidedtocatchalaterone7)Iwanttoborrowone8)theonesyouhadonyesterday,V,1)Onceagoodbeginningismade2)Onceyouunderstandtheserules3)Oncehemakesapromise4)Oncetheyareputdowninblackandwhite/Onceputdowninblackandwhite5)onceyougetintothehabitofsmoking6)OnceshebegantowriteinEnglish,VI,1)Ihadalotoftroublegettingthecarstartedthismorning.2)YouwonthavemuchdifficultygettingtoknowpeopleinItaly.3)Theconceitedyoungmansaidhehadnodifficultywhatsoeverreadingtechnicaldrawings.4)Totheteacherssurprise,mostofthestudentsinhisclasshadlittledifficultyworkingoutthehardmathsproblems.5)DidyouhaveanytroublefindingthebutterflyspecimenProf.Nolenwanted?6)Theshepherdshadagreatdealoftroubledrivingthesheeptoaplaceofsafetyinthesnowstorm.,VI,1)Einsteinissofamousthatthereisnoonewhodoesntknowhim.2)Thereisalmostnothingthathisdogwonteat.3)Thereisnoonewhodoesntmakeanymistakesinhislifetime.4)Thereisnogoalthatyoucannotobtainsolongasyouhaveanhonestattitudeandastrongwill.5)Thereisnobodyherewhowontlendyouahelpinghandwhenyoufindyourselfindifficulty.6)JohniscalledMr.FixItbecausethereisalmostnothingthathecannotfix.,VI,1)surgical2)confident3)dwellon4)emergency5)sweat6)competent7)atonetimeoranother8)relax,VII,A1)from2)examined3)nothing4)trouble5)Much6)same7)ago8)advice9)you10)pay11)worry12)followed13)again14)quite15)that16)tailor,B1)how2)answer3)cut4)surgeon5)had6)over7