直接引语和间接引语.ppt

Grammar,直接引语与间接引语(DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech),Weareswimming.,Theysaidtheywereswimming.,Iamplayingthetrumpet.,Hesaidhewasplayingthetrumpet.,Icanflyinthesky.,Shesaidshecouldflyinthesky.,直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech,直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”;用自己的话转述别人的话叫“间接引语”;直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。,如:Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingverymuch.”(直接引语）Johnsaidthathelikedreadingverymuch.(间接引语),直接引语变为间接引语时，须由宾语从句引导，但从句中需要注意下列各种变化（闯5关）1）人称变化关；2)时态变化关；语序调整关（陈述句语序）；句型结构关；其他变化关（指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化）。,第1关：人称的变化1.Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”-Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.2.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.3.MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker。”MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。,一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新,Exercises:1.Shesaid“Iwillcomethismorning.”Shesaid(that)_wouldgothatmorning.2.Hesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Hesaid(that)_hadgonetherethedaybefore.3.“wewontbefreetonight,”thestudentssaid.Thestudentssaid(that)_wouldntbefreethatnight.,she,he,they,4.“Iamexpectingaletterfrommymother,”Bettysaid.Bettysaid(that)_wasexpectingaletterfrom_mother.5.Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”Hesaid(that)_sisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.6.“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.JohnaskedMarywhen_wouldreturn_thebook.,she,her,his,she,him,第2关：时态变化关1.Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”-Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.2.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.,一般将来时过去将来时,一般现在时一般过去式,现在完成时过去完成时,DirectSpeechIlikesinging.Iamwaitingforabus.ShevisitedXianlastyear.IhavenevermetanAmerican.Iwillseeyounextweek.,时态的变化：,IndirectSpeechShesaidshelikedsingingShesaidthatshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedXiantheyearbeforelast.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidthatshewouldseemethenextweek.,过去将来时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去完成时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时,一般现在时,1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthat_readingadventurestories.2.“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthat_likecomputers.3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnif_hisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhow_dothat.,Exercise,heliked,shedidnt,shehadseen,shecould,但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理、科学道理、或宗教信仰等。Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。直接引语是过去进行时、过去完成时时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?“JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：XiaoWangsaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980。”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,Igetupatsixeverymorning。Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。,如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could,should,would,might）不再变。如：Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.如果主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变；“Sheisagoodstudent.”Theteachersaysthatsheisagoodstudent.Theteacherwillsaythatsheisagoodstudent.,1Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesun_intheeastand_inthewest.,Exercise,rises,sets,2Shesays,“Illneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”,Shesaysthat_neverforgetthedaysinthecountry.,shewill,直接引语变间接引语时，需由宾语从句来引导，从句的语序应该用陈述句语序。应注意掌握以下规律：1）陈述句由that引导（that常可省略）MothersaidtoMary:“YoucanwatchTVwhenyoufinishyourhomework.”-MothertoldMary(that)shecouldwatchTVwhenshefinishedherhomework.Shesaidtome,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”-Shesaidtome(that)shelikedEnglishverymuch.,第3+4关：句型+语序调整的变化,Conclusion:当直接引语是陈述句，改为间接引语时用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat。,1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.,Exercise,2)如果直接引语是疑问句怎么变？A：一般疑问句Heaskedme,“DoyouknowJohn?”-HeaskedmewhetherIknewJohn.Theteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”-TheteacheraskedmeifIlikedEnglish.“Isyourfatherkindtoyou?”sheoftenasksme.-Sheoftenasksmewhether/ifmyfatheriskindtome.,Conclusion:直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时,须由从属连词whether/if来引导，whether/if之前多用ask等动词。词序也一律变为陈述的语序。,Exercise,1“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.2Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”3“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtoher.,MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.,HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.,Motheraskedherwhethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.,B:特殊疑问句Hesaid,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”-HeaskedmewhereIhadbeen.“Howmanypageshaveyoureadtoday?”Johnaskedme.-JohnaskedmehowmanypagesIhadreadthatday.Bettyasked,“WhenareyougoingtomeetJoe?”-BettyaskedwhenIwasgoingtomeetJoe.,Conclusion:当直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，疑问词变为连接词，引导间接引语，词序也变为陈述语序。,1Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesarethereinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanyfactoriestherewereinourcountry.,Exercise,2Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.,3“Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?”Motheraskedme.,MotheraskedmewhatIwasgoingtobewhenIgrewup.,4“Whenwillyougobacktowork?”Mr.Smithasked.,Mr.SmithaskedmewhenIwouldgobacktowork.,3)祈使句Hesaid,“Standupplease.”-Heaskedmetostandup.“Goaway!”Farthersaidtohim.-Fatherorderedhimtogoaway.Momsaidtome,“Dontcomehomeafter11p.m.?”-Momaskedtoldmenottocomehomeafter11p.m.,Conclusion:当直接引语是祈使句，转为间接引语时，要根据句子的意思使用asktellordersb(not)todosth等动词短语。,Shesaidtous,“Pleasehavearest.”Sheaskedustohavearest.Theoldmansaid,“Dontsmokeinthehall.”Theoldmantoldmenottosmokeinthehall.Theofficersaid,“Goaway.”Theofficerorderedustogoaway.(4).Thefathersaidtohischildren,“Dontmove!”Thefathertoldhischildrennottomove.,Exercise,Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorChinese.Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.,Conclusion:当直接引语是选择疑问句，转为间接引语时，用whetheror表达(不用if/eitheror),4)选择疑问句,1.Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”-Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.2.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”-Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.3.Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”-Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.,第5关：其他变化关,指示代词、时间与地点状语的变化指示代词thisthatthesethose表示时间nowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek/month/yearthenextweek/month/year表示地点herethere,总结：直接引语变为间接引语时，须由宾语从句引导，但从句中需要注意下列各种变化（闯5关）1）人称变化关；2)时态变化关；语序调整关（陈述句语序）；句型结构关；其他变化关（指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化）。,ComprehensiveExercises,1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.Ilookedthatday,D,Choosethebestanswer.,2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow,C,3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”Mr.Blacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek,B,4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.heshouldthenextday,D,5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat,D,6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.whathehadheardtheweekbeforeC.whathehadheardaweekagoD.ifheheardtheweekago,B,7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime,C,8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhe