葡萄酒专业知识培训

.,葡萄酒专业知识,初级基础Level1,.,IWineHistoryIIAlcoholicBeveragesIIIDefinitionofWineIVComponentsofwineVTypesofwine,I葡萄酒历史II含酒精饮料III什么是葡萄酒IV葡萄酒的组成V葡萄酒种类,TableofContents目录,.,VIMainWineCountriesVIIMainGrapeVarietiesVIIIWineLabelsIXWinetastingXWine&health,VI主要葡萄酒产国VII主要葡萄品种VIII酒标IX葡萄酒品尝X葡萄酒与健康,TableofContents目录,.,中东里海美索布达米亚,葡萄酒历史,公元5000前,古埃及,公元2500前前,古希腊,公元1600年前,古罗马帝国,公元1000年前,法国高卢西班牙德国奥地利,公元400年前至公元100年,公元1400-1600年,南非墨西哥阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚新西兰,1788-1819,.,MiddleAsiaCaspianSeaMesopotamia,WineHistory,5000BC,AncientEgypt,2500BC,AncientGreece,1600BC,RomanEmpire,1000BC,Gaul(France)SpainGermanyAustria,400BC-100AD,1400-1600,SouthAfricaMexicoArgentina,1769,California(USA),AustraliaNewZealand,1788-1819,.,IIAlcoholicBeveragesII含酒精饮料,.,Fruit-basedalcoholicbeveragesEg:Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮料例如:葡萄酒GrainorvegetablebasedalcoholicbeveragesEg:Beer,Chinesericewine,Sake谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒,FermentedAlcoholicBeverage发酵型酒精饮料,Duringthefermentationprocess,yeastconvertssugarintoalcoholandCo2在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳,.,DistilledAlcoholicBeverage蒸馏型酒精饮料,History:Mesopotamia3500BC-FirstDistillationusedforperfumemaking历史:美索布达米亚，公元前3500年第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造Distillation:Separationofliquidsbyevaporation蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开Spirits:Distilleddrinksproducedbyconcentratingthealcoholpresentinafermentedliquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度Liquors:Sweetenedorflavoredspirits利口酒:加香和增甜的烈酒,.,Afewdistilledalcoholicbeverages:WhiskyVodkaRumTequilaBrandy一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌伏特加朗姆酒龙舌兰酒白兰地Tips：CognacisabrandyproducedexclusivelyintheCognacregioninFrance小知识：干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地,DistilledAlcoholicBeverage蒸馏型酒精饮料,.,Summary摘要,AlcoholicBeverages含酒精饮料1)FermentedAlcoholicBeverages发酵型酒精饮料2)DistilledAlcoholicBeverages蒸馏型酒精饮料Winebelongstofermentedalcoholicbeverages葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料,.,Ripe&HealthyGrapes成熟健康的葡萄Crushtheberries,releasethejuiceandaddyeasttothemust.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物Fermentationconvertssugarintoalcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精WINEISFERMENTEDGRAPEJUICE葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,IIIDefinitionofWine葡萄酒的定义,.,IVComponentsofWine,FlavorCompounds(0.1%)Color&Tannins(inredwines)(0.3%)Acids(1%)Sugar(0.1%dry-8%sweet)Alcohol(10%tablewines,20%fortifiedwines)Water(80%-90%),Notes:Approximatepercentagesbyweight,.,IV葡萄酒成分,含香物质(0.1%)色素和丹宁(红葡萄酒)(0.3%)酸(1%)糖份(0.1%干-8%sweet甜)酒精(餐酒10%,加强葡萄酒20%)水份(80%-90%),注:以上为重量的大约百分比,.,VTypesofwineV葡萄酒种类,.,TypesofWine（Bywinemakingprocess）,Champagne,Cava,Port,Sherry,Red,White,Rose,SPARKLINGWINE,STILLWINE,FORTIFIEDWINE,OtherSparklingwines,.,葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）,香槟酒,加瓦,钵酒,雪利酒,红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒,玫瑰酒,汽泡酒,普通葡萄酒,加强葡萄酒,其他汽泡酒,.,TypesofWine（Byservicesequenceduringameal）,Aperitif（Drysherry，Champagne,Drywhite）TableWine(Red,White,Rose)DessertWine(Botrytis,Icewine,Port，LateHarvest)Digestive(Liquors,Grappa),Sugar,alcohol,low,high,low,high,Beginningofthemeal,Endofthemeal,.,葡萄酒种类（按用餐时上酒顺序）,餐前酒(干雪利酒,香槟酒,干白葡萄酒)餐酒(红,白,玫瑰葡萄酒)甜酒(贵腐酒,冰酒,钵酒,晚丰收葡萄酒)餐后消化酒(利口酒,果渣酒),糖份,酒精,低,高,低,高,用餐开始,用餐结束,.,OldWorld旧世界France法国2*Italy意大利1*Spain西班牙3*,NewWorld新世界USA美国4*Australia澳大利亚6*Chile智利Argentina阿根廷5*NewZealand新西兰SouthAfrica南非,*Topsixproducersinvolume产量前六名国家,VIMainWineCountries主要葡萄酒产酒国,(Southernhemisphere+USA)南半球美国,(EuropeanCountries)欧洲国家,.,Wineproducingareasaregenerallyconcentratedbetween30to50latitudeonbothnorthernandsouthernhemispheres,.,OldWorldVSNewWorld旧世界VS新世界,Integratemorethesoilandclimatefactors.“Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征Longtraditionandhistory悠久历史和传统,Goodvisibilitytotheconsumers客人容易理解Mainfactoristhegrapevariety主要根据葡萄品种Consistentweather相应气候,Difficultvisibilitytotheconsumers客人不易理解Lotsofregulations很多规则,Toomuchstandardization标准太多Notbeenproducedforlongageing储存时间较短,Oldworld旧世界,(EuropeanCountries欧洲国家),(Southernhemisphere+USA南半球美国),Pros优点,NewWorld新世界,Cons缺点,.,典型旧世界国家,法国酒拥有两千年酿酒工艺，品质经典，被投资客和收藏家追捧的世界名酒多是法国的列级名庄。德国酒德国是雷司令的故乡，酒香馥郁，口感清爽，酒精度低。适合不太能喝酒的人及刚入门者。西班牙酒葡萄种植面积居世界第一、产酒量排第三。酒品感觉惊艳，仿佛处于过去与未来的交替中。意大利酒世界最大的葡萄酒生产国，出口量与法国并列前茅。气泡酒、混合葡萄酒等较为有名。,.,典型新世界国家,澳洲酒新兴葡萄酒国，价廉物美。葡萄酒以口感丰腴，并带有巧克力和水果香为其特色。阿根廷酒新世界葡萄酒代表性国家。红葡萄酒是阿根廷最好的酒，这里有很多优秀的葡萄品种。智利酒智利酒非常容易饮，风格明朗，浓郁丰厚，性价比不错，口味方面适合于亚洲消费者。美国酒90%的美国酒在加州酿造，葡萄酒品种非常多样化，从日常餐酒，到高级葡萄酒都有。,.,新旧世界采摘比较,.,VIIGrapeVarieties葡萄品种,.,Summary摘要,8,000grapevarietiesknownintheworld世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000grapevarietiesusedforwinearoundtheworld世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200traditionallyusedinItaly意大利大约使用200种葡萄100traditionallyusedinFrance法国大约使用100种葡萄50traditionallyusedinSpain西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grapevariety,amajorfactorinthetasteofawine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,.,MainWhiteGrapeVarieties主要白葡萄品种,WhiteGrapes白葡萄品种Chardonnay/莎当妮SauvignonBlanc/白苏维翁Riesling/薏丝琳Gewuztraminer/格乌兹莱妮PinotGrigio/灰皮诺Viognier/威格尼,.,WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种,NativetoBurgundy源于法国的勃根第地区Nowworldsmostfashionable&famouswhitevariety当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种Creamyandfull-bodied口感柔和饱满Whitefruitsandnuttyflavor白色水果及干果味,Chardonnay莎当妮,.,WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种,Bordeaux,centralLoire波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部Crispacidity清新爽口偏酸Freshandaromatic清新果香芬芳CitrusandGrassy柑桔及青草味,SauvignonBlanc白苏维翁,.,WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种,GrowninAlsace,Germany,SouthAustralia,WashingtonState,etc种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile(dry,tartwinetoSweetlate-harvestwine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）Floralandmineralflavor花香及矿物味Naturallyhighacidity天然酸度高Atremendouscapacitytoage可陈年,Riesling薏丝琳,.,WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种,Alsace,Germany,Austria阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利Complex,generous层次分明，特征丰富鲜明Lychee,rose,spices,clovenotes荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味TropicalFruit&Cinnamon热带水果味&肉桂味,Gewurztraminer格乌兹莱妮,.,PopularinNorthernItaly盛产于意大利北部FruiliandVeneto福茹利、维纳图FreshandAromatic新鲜，芬芳Lightcolor颜色偏淡,PinotGrigio灰皮诺,WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种,.,NorthernRhne,Australia,California北罗纳谷,奥大利亚,美国加州PrestigiousCondrieuAOC有声望的孔德里欧法定产地Peachflavor桃子香Verylowacidity酸度极低,Viognier威格尼,WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种,.,MainGrapeVarieties主要葡萄品种,Redvarieties红葡萄品种CabernetSauvignon/加本力苏维翁Merlot/梅洛PinotNoir/黑皮诺Gamay/甘美Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子Sangiovese/桑吉奥维斯Nebbiolo/尼比奥罗Zinfandel/仙芬黛Tempranillo/泰普妮洛,.,AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Full-bodied,tannic酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富Verycomplex,longevolution口味丰富，陈年长Blackcurrant,violet黑加仑，紫罗兰,CabernetSauvignon加本力苏维翁,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,AtraditionalBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Suppleandround口感柔顺，饱满Blackandredcherry黑色及红色樱桃Chocolate巧克力,Merlot梅洛,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,KingofBurgundy勃根蒂之王Cherry,raspberry樱桃、覆盆子Spicenotes稍带辛辣Earthycomplexities泥土气息Asilkytexture,littletannins丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡,PinotNoir黑皮诺,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,NativetoBurgundy源于法国的勃根第地区GrapeusedtomakeBeaujolais用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Lightpurpleincolor酒体呈浅紫色Fruityandlightintannins果香浓郁,口感柔和Tobedrunkyoung趁年轻时喝,Gamay甘美,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,MostlygrowninRhneRegion,France,Australia主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚Richblackandredberryfruit,plum丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味Gameandspicecomplexity丰富的野味及辛辣味Richandfull-bodied口感丰富，酒体饱满,ShirazorSyrah设拉子,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,Italysmostcommongrape意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种Chianti基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制BrunellodiMontalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺Lightlyfragrantwines酒香清淡Adistinctbittercherrytaste独特的苦莓味Tighttannins强烈的丹宁味,Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,Piemontesegrape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种GrapeforBarolo&Barbaresco酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒Tannic,acidicandaustere.丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉Complex,full-bodied酒体饱满，口味丰富Betteraftermorethan4yearsaging最好陈年4年以上,Nebbiolo尼比奥罗,RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种,.,MostlygrowninCalifornia主要种植于美国加州地区Deeplyconcentratedberryfruit浓缩的浆