英语阅读理解猜测词义方法指导

EnjoyEnglish,Enjoylife!,高考英语阅读解题方法指导猜词技巧难度,Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?,Ignorethemandcontinuereading,Lookthemupinthedictionary,Guessthemeaning,词义理解题常见的题型有:Theunderlinedword(phrase,term)“”means_.Accordingtothepassage,theword“”properlymeans_.Theword“”inparagraphrefersto_.By“”,theauthormeans_.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“”?,1.Hewould_thegoldfromhisgrandma.2.Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite_.,Guessthemissingwords,Harveyisathief:hewould_thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.,steal,Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeperson,Hobartisquite_.,ordinary-looking,plain/homely,Guessingunknownwords/vocabulary,1.Thelionhasits“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.“territory”means_,anarea(that-own)动物地盘,2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever,定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释,技巧归纳1:Use_利用_,definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义,Signalwords:means,refersto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,定语从句.etc.,Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽）,oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means_A.Regularcutting（修剪）oftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧归纳2：Using_根据_,commonsenseorexperience普通常识和经验,技巧归纳3:利用_from_,2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.“adolescence”means_,Theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,同义/同位语similarity/appositive,1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today“ocelot”means_,anendangeredwildcat,ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers,技巧归纳4:利用_,举例fromexamples,Signalwords：forexample，forinstance，suchas，like，as-as，etc.,技巧归纳5：利用_From_,1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飘）withthewindlikefeathers.,2.Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.,雪花，雪片,爱交际的,比较或对比comparisonorcontrast,Signalwords:as,like,thesameas，unlike,but，however,onthecontrary,while,insteadect.,技巧归纳6:利用_From_,(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。,构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Wordformation,1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sick,clever,技巧归纳7:利用_From_,同义词或反义词的关系猜词。SynonymorAntonym.,Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.AfullofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquiet,B,技巧归纳8：利用_From_,原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResult,Signalwords:because，since,so,suchthat,sothat,ect.,Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧归纳9:Use_利用_,workedasanengineer.,contextorrelatedinformation上下文的语境,Morepractice.FinishExx.1to10,thendiscusstheanswerswithyourgroup.,猜词技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验3.利用同义/同位语4.利用举例5.利用比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境,1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydontunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans_.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething,常识teacher-students,2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛药）wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective（无效的）.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest,D,因果关系because,3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means_A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attraction,C,举例forexample,4.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means_ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess,C,上下文语境contextorrelatedinformation,5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothemaformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favoritismisusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess,破折号（定义或同位语）,6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject_StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach,A,1.定义definitionthatistosay也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence,7.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.,Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests,比较comparison(instead相反,反而),8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans.AsimpleBmixedCsadDhappy,B,definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义,9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.,对比contrastnormalbut-unusual,10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat,构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist,Optionalexercises（选做题）,11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.,Getworse,12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.,长寿,13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_,脊椎动物,14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.,concentrate/focusherattentionon,15.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.,Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall,16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?,co（共同的）-education-al男女同校教育的,17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.,country,Ex2:“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy,Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoy,Theunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling,Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.,Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement,HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.（