2020年关于小升初英语语法总结被动语态

关于小升初英语语法总结被动语态 小升初英语语法总结被动语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does Am/is /are done Cats eat fish. Fish are eaten by cats. 一般过去时 did Was/were done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 am/is are doing Am/is/are being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 过去进行时 Was/were doing Was/were beiing done She was writing a letter at this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 现在完成时 have/has done Have/has been done I have finished the work. The work has been finished by me. 过去完成时 had done Had been done I had finished the work. The work had been finished by me. 一般将来时 Will/shall/be going to do Will/shall/be going to be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 含有情态动词 can/may/must do can/may/must be done I can find him. He can be found by me. 英语语法经典例题800例：非谓语动词（例题1） 1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered (1) They did what they could to fort her. 他们尽量安慰她。 (2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。 (3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。 值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题： (4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus. A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped 此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。 (5) He spent every minute he could _ spoken English. A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised 此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English. (6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _D_ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意为“把贡献给”;二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。 2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to do C. being doing D. to be done cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 又如下面一题，答案也是 B： She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned 再请看以下试题： While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 此题应选C，句中的 cant help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。 3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films. A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing (1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devoteto或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。 (2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。 (3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。 (4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。 (5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。 英语语法经典例题800例：虚拟语气（例题） 1. I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now. A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.” A. Hed better give up drinking B. He shouldnt have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would (1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样”时。如： He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。 When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。 (2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。 英语语法经典例题800例：强调句（例题） 1. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being late C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is was that，句子仍然成立;换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。 2. “How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式： (1) Who was it _ saved the drowning girl? A. since B. as C. that D. he 答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom 提问而得)。 (2) What is it _ his daughter needs most? A. what B. which C. that D. if 答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的a bike 提问而得)。 3. _ was very _ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully (1) It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then 答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。 (2) It may have been at Christmas _ John gave Mary a handbag. A. before B. who C. that D. when 答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。 4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when 【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。 【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在 大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在 哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。 其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意 为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。 5. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that 为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例： (1) It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since