国际交流英语视听说B4U6ppt课件

Unit,6,HealthandFitness,Book4,Listening1,seminarn.专题研讨会pesticiden.杀虫剂flame-retardantn.阻燃剂a.阻燃的leadn.铅chipv.掉碎片flakev.成片（剥落）swordfishn.剑鱼mercuryn.汞，水银pollutantn.污染物persistv.继续存在powerplantn.发电厂inmoderation（饮酒或吸烟等）有节制地，适度地textv.发短信radiationn.辐射物；放射物headsetn.（带有麦克风的）耳机,Announcer:Everyone,IjustwanttothankDr.WallaceagainforbeingthefirstguestspeakerinourHealthlineseries.Wehopethatthisisthefirstofmanyseminarsabouthealthylivingintodaysworld.Dr.Wallace:Itwasmypleasuretobehere.Announcer:So,nowyouveheardwhatDr.Wallacehastosayaboutpesticidesandhowtheyrelatetoourhealthandtheenvironment.Letsopenthefloorupforquestions.Wewouldappreciatehearingfromyou.Ithinkwehaveourfirstquestion.Goahead,sir.MaleSpeaker1:OK.Heresmyquestion.Dr.Wallace,Iheardthatflame-retardantsarenowturningupinthehumanbody.Isthistrue,andifso,howdangerousarethosechemicals?,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Dr.Wallace:Allright.Well,flame-retardantswhicharechemicalsthatmakeproductsdifficulttoburnareaddedtojustaboutanyproductthatcanburn,andtheysavehundredsoflivesayearintheUnitedStatesalone.Unfortunately,onefamilyofflame-retardantcompoundscalledPBDEshavebeenshowingupinthebloodofhumans,butlittleisknownabouttheirimpactonourhealth.Inhighamounts,theyhavecausedhealthproblemsinlaboratoryanimals.However,itlooksasthoughthesmallamountsofPBDEsthatnormallyaccumulateinthehumanbodyarentworthworryingabout.Announcer:Thankyou,Doctor.Wehaveanotherquestion.Thewomaninthethirdrow.Goahead.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,FemaleSpeaker1:Hi,Dr.Wallace.Imamotheroftwoyoungchildren,andIrecentlymovedintoanewapartment.Ijustfoundoutthatthewallsarepaintedwithleadpaint.WhatshouldIdo?Dr.Wallace:Well,itsknownthatevenverysmallamountsofleadcancausebraindamageinchildren.Ifthepaintischippingorflaking,callyourlandlord.Itshisorherresponsibilitytofixtheproblem.Anothergoodoptionistomove,butifyoucant,atleastmakesurethatyourchildrenarentexposedtopaintchipsordust.Announcer:Thatsoundslikegoodadvice.Letstakeanotherquestion.OK,goahead.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,MaleSpeaker2:Hello,Doctor.Ieatalotofseafoodespeciallyswordfishandtuna.Isthereanydangertomefrommercuryinthosefish?Dr.Wallace:Mercuryisaverydangerouspollutantwhichpersistsforalongtimeintheenvironment.Itneedstobetakenseriouslybecausemercurypoisoningcanpermanentlydamagememoryandourabilitytolearn.Coal-burningpowerplantsareamajorsourceofmercury.Itgetsintothewaterandintothebodiesofthesmallestanimalsfirst.Thesesmallanimalsareeatenbylargerones,whicharetheneatenbyevenlargerones,andsoonupthefoodchain.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Dr.Wallace:Largefishatthetopofthefoodchain,suchastunaandswordfish,accumulatehighamountsofmercuryandpassitontopeoplewhoeatseafood.Now,itdoesntappearthattracesofmercuryinthebloodareaseriousproblem,butIcouldbewrong.Eatingtoomuchofthosefishcouldraisetheamountofmercuryinyourbodytoadangerouslevel,soIwouldadviseyoutoeattheminmoderationmeaningareasonableamount.Announcer:Well,itlookslikewehavetimeforonemorequestion.Theladyintheredshirt.Goahead.FemaleSpeaker2:Helloandthanksfortakingmyquestion.WhatImconcernedaboutismyconstantcell-phoneuse.Couldithaveanegativeimpactonmyhealth?,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Dr.Wallace:ThatsaninterestingquestionandoneImsuremanyareconcernedabout.Onecommonconcernisthedangerofdrivingandusingacellphoneatthesametime.Cellphonestakeourattentionofftheroad,andthatcanleadtoaccidents.Thesolutiontothatproblemissimple:turnoffyourcellphonewhiledriving,anddontevertextmessagewhiledriving.Anotherconcernhastodowithradiation.Forthoseofyouwhoarentfamiliarwiththisradiationisenergythatcertainmachinesandsomesubstancesproduce.Largeamountsofradiationcanbedangerous.Cellphonessendinformationusingradiation,sonaturallywereexposedtothatradiationwhenweuseourphone.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Dr.Wallace:Cell-phoneradiationhascausedbraincancerinrats,butitsdangertohumansisdifficulttoassess.Somestudieshaveindicatedthatcellphonesaresafe,butsomeotherstudiesseemtolinkcell-phoneradiationwithbraincancerinhumans,especiallyinpeoplewhohavebeenusingcellphonesforadecadeorlonger.Imnotaltogethersurethatyoucaneliminateradiationexposurefromcellphones,butpeoplewhoareconcernedaboutitcanreducetheriskbyusingaheadset.Thiskeepsthephoneawayfromyourheadandexposesyoutolessradiation.Announcer:Imafraidthatsallthetimewehave.Thanksverymuch,Dr.Wallace,fortheinformationandadvice.Wellseeyouallatnextmonthsseminaraboutorganicfoods.,Listening1,Listening2,bouldern.大圆石boulderingn.抱石（新兴的攀岩运动之一，与传统攀爬形式不同，其高度往往只在四至六米之间，无须携带复杂的保护装备）freesoloclimbingn.无保护攀岩thrilln.引起激动的事物,Jennifer:Hi,Stan.Howareyou?Howwasyourday?Stan:Hi,Jennifer.Itwasgreat.IspenttodayatYosemiteNationalPark.Iwasrockclimbing.Jennifer:Thatmusthavebeenfun.Howlonghaveyoubeenrockclimbing?Stan:Well,Istarteddoingitforexerciseafewyearsago.Ahalfhourofrockclimbingisequivalenttoaboutanhourofjogging,andIwasclimbingforthreehourstoday.Jennifer:Youmustbeexhausted.Stan:Oh,yes,itsreallychallenging.Anditsgreatstrengthtrainingtoo,forjustabouteverymuscleinthebody.Jennifer:Butisntitalittledangerous?,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Stan:Well,thatreallydependsonwhichversionofclimbingyoudo.Indoorclimbingtakesplaceinaclimbinggym.Youcanusesafetyropesthatcatchyouifyoufall.Thewallsareprettyeasytoclimbnottoohighandthefloorisusuallyprettysoft,soitdoesnthurtsomuchifyoudofall.Jennifer:Itmustbeprettysafe,then,huh?Stan:Itis,anditsbecomingreallypopular.Priorto1980,therewerentanyclimbinggymsintheU.S.Sincethentheresbeenabigexpansion,andtodaythereareclimbinggymsinall50states.Anditsnotjustinthiscountry.Theexpansionhasbeenglobal,too.Therearethousandsofclimbinggymsaroundtheworld.Jennifer:Ididntknowitwassopopular!,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Stan:Oh,definitely.Butastepupindifficultyfromindoorclimbingisoutdoorclimbingonhugerocks,youknow,bouldersthataremaybe16feethigh.Youcanuseropesforthat,too,forextrasafety.Thatversionofrockclimbingisknownasbouldering.Butevenmoredifficultthanthatistraditionalrockclimbing.Intraditionalrockclimbing,pairsofpeoplegoveryhighuponarockwallusuallyonthesideofahillormountain.Theybringlotsofequipmentwiththem.Theyconnectropestotherockssothattheydontfalloff.Jennifer:Wow,theresalotoftypesofrockclimbing.Whatkinddoyoudo?Stan:Well,Idoadifferenttypefreesoloclimbing.Itsreallytheultimateclimbingexperience.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Jennifer:Whatsfreesoloclimbing?Stan:Itsrockclimbingveryhighonrockwallsaloneandwithoutanyropes.Thats.Jennifer:Noropesatall?Wayuponthesideofarockwall?Thatmustbeterrifying!Stan:Yeah,IsupposeinitiallyIwasterrified.ButnowIreallylovedoingit.IcantdescribewhatawonderfulfeelingIgetfromit.Itssuchathrill.Jennifer:Butisntittoodangerous?Stan:Well,freesoloclimbingisonlyforexperiencedclimbers.Itstruethatifyoufall,youcangethurtreallybadlyorevendie.Infact,therewasaclimbingaccidentinYosemitelastyear,andnowsomepeoplearedemandinglegislationtobanfreesoloclimbinginthepark.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Jennifer:Arerock-climbingaccidentsverycommon?Stan:Well,thatshardtosay,butaccordingtothedataIveseen,thereisonedeathforevery300,um,every320,000climbs.AndtheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicinesaysover40,000patientsweretreatedinU.S.emergencyroomsforrockclimbingrelatedinjuriesbetween1990and2007.Jennifer:Thatsscary.Doesntthatmakeyouwanttostoprockclimbing?Stan:Notreally.Ibelievethatmostaccidentscanbeattributedtoclimbersbeingoverconfidentorcareless.Ionlygowheretheclimbingisnttoodifficultforme,andIalwaystrytobeextremelycareful.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Jennifer:Butwhataboutbadluck?Somethingcouldgowrong.Therockyoureholdingontocouldbreak,oryourshoecouldslip,or.Stan:Yeah,Iknow.Butyoucantcontroleverythinginlife.Ifyoudonttakeanyrisks,youllneverhaveanyfun!Imlookingforwardtogoingagainnextweekend.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome)n.非典型性肺炎monkeypoxn.猴痘zoonoticdiseasen.人畜共通传染病remotelyad.（用于否定句）丝毫，根本ecologyn.生态环境DanScanlon丹斯坎伦（人名）collapsev.（因病或受伤）突然倒下coman.（因重伤或严重的疾病而引起的）昏迷spinaltapn.脊髓穿刺Inconclusivea.无明确结果的disorientationn.定向障碍paralysisn.瘫痪；麻痹migratorya.（鸟或动物）迁徙的,Narrator:Monkeypox,SARS,WestNile.thesenewillnessesareallcausedbyviruses.Andtheyreallzoonoticdiseasesonesthatnormallyliveinanimals,andhavesomehowjumpedintopeople.Twentyyearsago,HIVwasanobscurevirusthatevolvedfromrainforestmonkeys.Today,some40millionpeopleareinfected.CouldoneofthesenewlyemergingvirusesbethenextHIVandthreatenusall?G.RichardOlds(ProfessorofMedicine):Formanyyears,Ivebeengivingatalkcalled“RevengeoftheRainforest”.And,youknow,peoplealwaysthoughtitwasaninterestingtopic,butcertainlynotrelevanttothoselivingsafelyinWisconsinorOhioorIndiana.Buttherearelotsofexamplesofdiseases,rainforestdiseases,becomingmajorpublichealthproblemsintherestoftheworld.,Tobecontinued,Narrator:In1999,adeadlydiseaseemergedintheU.S.thathadneverbeenseenbeforeintheWesternHemisphere.ItwasWestNilevirus.LaurieGarrett(ScienceWriter):NobodyhadevenremotelyimaginedWestNilecomingtotheUnitedStates.Imean,hereisadisease,itsentireecologyinvolvestheNile,Sudan,upperEgypt,swamplands,averyspecificsetofbirdsandmosquitoesindigenoustothatecology.NoonecouldhaveimagineditcouldemergeintheconcretejungleofManhattanandQueens,andbecomeaproblemthatnowisseeninalmosteverysinglestateintheUnitedStates,andcarriedbyindigenousmosquitoes,andindigenousbirds.,Tobecontinued,Narrator:Partlybecauseitwassounexpected,WestNileproveddifficulttoidentify.ItbeganwithanumberofencephalitiscasesinNewYork.thenhundredsofdeadcrowsbegantoappear.Butittooktimetoconnectthetwoevents.Until2002,DanScanlonwasahealthy,vigorousman.ThenheandhiswifeBettywerebothbittenbyamosquito.Dancollapsed.DanScanlon(WestNileVirusVictim):Iwasinthehospitalinacoma.AndwhenIwokeup,Ifoundoutthatshewasinthehospital;withapparentlythesamething.TheyperformedaspinaltaponBetty,too,anditwasinconclusive.Butallthesymptomsarethereexactly,andthedoctorsaid,yeah,shedefinitelyhadWestNilevirus.AndIneversawherconsciousagain.,Tobecontinued,Narrator:Danswife,Betty,waskilledbyWestNilevirus.Danhimselfwasleftbadlydisabled.Woman:Nowwatchyourselfinthemirror,yourereallygettingtall.Narrator:Theviruscancauseinflammationofthebrain,disorientationandparalysis.In2006,WestNilekilled177peopleintheU.S.,mostlyelderly,veryyoung,orwithweakenedimmunesystems.Fortunately,thechancesofcatchingitaresmall.Thediseaseisspreadbymosquitoes,andoneofthemcouldhavebroughttheWestNilevirustotheU.S.Allittakesisoneinfectedinsecttofinditswayontoaninternationalflight.Now,WestNileiscarriedbybirdsintheUnitedStates.Astheyfollowtheirmigratoryroutes,theycarrytheviruswiththem.,Tobecontinued,Narrator:Onerecentstudyshowedthatthevirushashadadevastatingimpactonbirds,killinghundredsofthousands.AndnowthatWestNileisestablishedintheU.S.ecosystem,itsprobablynotgoingtogoaway.,Listening1,eliminatev.消除，根除consumptionn.吃；喝,Inthewell-knownsongBigYellowTaxi,thesingerasksafarmerto“putawaytheDDT”.DDTisapesticideachemicalcompoundusedtokillinsects.Manyfarmersthroughouttheworldspraypesticidesontheirgrowingcropstokeepbugsandotherinsectsaway.Inthepast,DDTwasconsideredasafepesticide.Itwassprayeddirectlyonchildrentokillinsectsandwasevenusedtohelpmakewallpaperforbedrooms.Sincethen,DDThasbeenassessedbyscientists.Afteryearsoftesting,scientistsconcludedthatDDTwasharmfultohumans,birds,insects,andevensometherkindsofanimals.FarmersinmanycountriesstoppedusingDDTaftertheylearneditcouldbeharmful.However,DDTwasnoteliminatedfromtheenvironment.Accordingtoscientists,DDTpersistsintheenvironmentformanyyears.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Tracesofthepesticidehavebeenfoundinsoil,animals,andinhumansallovertheworld.Inthepastseveraldecades,moreandmoremarketshavebeenofferingshopperstheoptionsoffruitsandvegetablesgrownwithoutpesticidesorotherchemicals.Thereisagrowingnumberofpeoplewhoappreciatetheseorganicfruitsandvegetables.Peoplewhobuyorganicfoodfearthattheconstantconsumptionoffoodgrownwithpesticidescouldbedangeroustotheirhealth.Theyworrythat,littlebylittle,smallamountsofdangerouschemicalswillaccumulateintheirbodiesuntiltheamountislargeenoughtocausehealthproblems.Scientistsarestillresearchingtheeffectsofpesticidesonhumans,butitisclearthattheamountoforganicfoodavailableisgrowing.AccordingtotheResearchInstituteofOrganicAgriculture,peoplearoundtheworldspentover$50billiononorganicproductsandfoodin2010.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Listening2,workoutn.体育锻炼yoganidran.瑜伽休息术retreatn.静养所,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Yogawasinitiallypracticedover5,000yearsagoinIndia.InIndia,yogaisatraditionthatisrelatedtobothreligionandculture.Priortothe19thcentury,yogawasnotwellunderstoodandwasrarelypracticedinotherpartsoftheworld.TheintroductionofyogatoothercountriesisattributedtotheIndianyogamasterSwamiVivekananda,whotouredEuropeandtheUnitedStatesinthe1890s.Manydifferentversionsofyogaarepracticed,fromtraditionalstylessuchashathaandSivanandayogatomodernversionssuchaschairyogaandlaughteryoga.Forfansofyoga,itistheultimateworkoutbecauseitinvolvesnotonlythebodybutthemindaswell.Therearemanyhealthbenefitsassociatedwithyoga.Ithelpsyoubemoreflexible,stronger,anditrelievesstress.Yoga-stylemeditationcalledyoganidracanbeveryrelaxing.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Someyogateachersclaimthatjustahalfhourofyoganidraisequivalenttotwoorthreehoursofsleep.Asyogagrowsinpopularity,morepeopleareteachingyogaandmoreyogaschoolsandcentersareopening.Sincethe1960st