建筑英语课件

建筑英语,主讲：杜鹃,ARCHITECTUREENGLISH,ArchitectureSchoolofSIAS,UNITFiveWORLDFAMOUSBUILDINGS,Ibelievethatarchitectureisapragmaticart.Tobecomeartitmustbebuiltonafoundationofnecessity.Itiseasytosaythattheartofarchitectureiseverything,buthowdifficultitistointroducetheconsciousinterventionofanartisticimaginationwithoutstrayingfromthecontextoflife.IeohMingPeisAcceptancespeechofthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,ArchitectureTimeline,AncientEgypt古埃及建筑Classical古典式Byzantine拜占庭式Romanesque罗马式Gothic哥特式风格Renaissance文艺复兴时期Baroque侧厅;侧廊；耳房,LouvreMuseum,LouvreMuseum,课文翻译Paragraph2,Witheachnewaddition,undereachnewruler,thepalace-turned-museumcontinuedtomakehistory.Itsdistinctivedouble-pitchedmansardroofinspiredthedesignofmany18thcenturybuildingsinParisandthroughoutEuropeandtheUnitedStates.TheLouvreisthemostfamousoftheGrandProjectsMitterrands15billionfrancprogramtoprovideaseriesofmodernmonumentstosymbolizeFrancescentralroleinart,politics,andworldeconomyattheendofthe20thcentury.,随着每一次新的添加，在每一个新的统治者统治之下，这座由宫殿转型而成的博物馆不断地创造历史。其鲜明的双倾斜的复折式屋顶给予了众多巴黎乃至整个欧洲和美国的18世纪建筑设计以灵感。卢浮宫是最知名的大项目之一法国总统密特朗的150亿法郎计划，用以建设一系列现代纪念物，象征着在20世纪末法国在艺术，政治和世界经济中的中心的作用。,Pitched:a.(ofaroof)slopingfromaridge;notflat（指屋顶）倾斜的,坡的.,Mansardroof,Amansardormansardroof(alsocalledaFrenchrooforcurbroof)isafour-sidedgambrel-stylehiproofcharacterizedbytwoslopesoneachofitssideswiththelowerslope,puncturedbydormerwindows,atasteeperanglethantheupper.Thesteeproofwithwindowscreatesanadditionalfloorofhabitablespace,(agarret),andreducestheoverallheightoftheroofforagivennumberofhabitablestoreys.Theupperslopeoftheroofmaynotbevisiblefromstreetlevelwhenviewedfromcloseproximitytothebuilding.,课文翻译Paragraph3-1,TraditionalistswereshockedwhenChinese-bornAmericanarchitectI.M.PeidesignedthreeglasspyramidsattheentrancetotheLouvrein1985.Peisdesignconsistedofunusualarrangementsofgeometricshapes.Inordertopreservetheviewofthehistoricalfacadesandtoharmonizewiththeclassicalgeometryandsymmetry,thisentrancestructurewaschosentobeacentrallylocatedglasspyramid.,当中国出生的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭于1985年设计了卢浮宫入口处的三个玻璃金字塔时，传统主义者大为震惊。贝聿铭的设计包括了对几何形状的不同寻常的布置。为了保留能看到历史性外立面的视野，并协调经典的几何形状和对称性，这种入口结构被定为一个位于中心的玻璃金字塔。,Harmonize：v.协调；使和谐arrangements：n.安排；布置,historicalfacades,课文翻译Paragraph3-2,Thesteelframeofthisentranceis116feetoneachsideand71feettall,givingtheshallow“HallNapoleon”entranceroombelowastrongpresenceabovegroundandservingasanimmenseskylightofwellover10,000squarefeetinarea.Thespiderwebofsteelmemberssupport603diamondshapedand70triangularpanesof21millimeterthickglass,givingthestructureaveryelegantandtransparentappearance.,这个入口的钢框架每边有116英尺长和71英尺高，给其下较浅的“拿破仑大厅”入口房间以一个强烈的地面存在感，并作为面积远远超过10,000平方英尺的巨型天窗。钢构件如蛛网版的网架支撑着603块菱形的和70块21毫米厚的三角形玻璃窗格，给结构一个非常优雅和透明的外观。,skylight：n.天窗pane：n.窗玻璃；方框；方格,TheGlassPyramid,课文翻译Paragraph3-3,ItwasPeisintentiontoutilizealargenumberofsmallmembersratherthanafewlargeronestoallowabettertransparency.Thediagonalpaneshavediagonalsof9.84feetand6.23feetandthetriangularpanesarehalfofthissize.Thestructurerestsonfourmassivepostsofreinforcedconcreteandsteelwhichextendovertwofloorsintothefoundationbelow.,贝聿铭意图利用大量的小构件而非几个较大的，使得金字塔能有更好的透明度。这些斜窗格的对角线为9.84英尺长和6.23英尺宽，而三角形窗格是其一半大小。该结构依赖于四个巨大的钢筋混凝土和钢材支桩，越过两层楼板延伸至其下的基础。,diagonal：a./n.对角线的；斜的；斜的,TheGlassPyramid,课文翻译Paragraph4,ThemainPyramidisbasicallyacomplexinter-linkedsteelstructurecoveredinreflectiveglass.InfactitisanentrancedoorwayprovidingalongentranceporticothemaingalleriesoftheLouvre.Asonedescendsintotheinteriorentrancefoyer,thedramaticnatureoftheinterventionbecomesapparent.ThemainPyramid,whichcertainlydisturbsthebalanceoftheoldLouvrecourtyard,iscounteredbytwo(?)smallerpyramids,whichprovidefurtherlightandventilationtothesubterraneanspaces.,主金字塔基本是由反光玻璃覆面的一环扣一环的复杂钢结构组成。事实上，它是一个入口大门，为卢浮宫的主要画廊提供一个长长的门廊。当人下到内部入口的门厅时，这种干预的戏剧性本质就变得很明显。主要的金字塔显然扰乱了旧卢浮宫庭院的平衡，然而，这被两个较小的金字塔所抵消，其为地下空间提供进一步的采光和通风。,portico：n.柱廊的门廊ventilation：n.通风subterranean：adj.地下的,TheGlassPyramid,Thepyramids,课文翻译Paragraph5,Itisnotsomuchthepyramid,buttheentrancespacethatitcoversthatisthemostimportantpartoftheproject.Thebrillianceofmakinganentrancetotheworldslargestartmuseumbyhollowing-outitsplazaandconstructingundergroundconnectionstoitsvariouswingscouldeasilybelostamidsttheunmistakableiconographyofthepyramid.TheentrancehasrationalizedandopenedupthecollectionsoftheLouvretothethrongsofmuseum-goerswhovisititscollections.,与其说是金字塔，不如说是入口空间涵盖了项目中最重要的部分。通过挖空了广场并建设地下部分连接其多个侧厅，这种建造一个通往世界上最大的艺术博物馆的入口的辉煌之处很容易在金字塔明确无误的意象中遗失。这个入口使其合理化，并为成群结队涌入卢浮宫来参观藏品的博物馆游客们打开了参观之门。,amidst:prep.在.当中iconography：n.图解throng：n.群集,人群,课文翻译Paragraph6-1,Throughout,therestraineddetailingofthestonewallsandfloor,simplegeometries,andgenerouslyproportionedspacesserveasanappropriatebackdropagainstbothnewandold.Theintricatesteelconnectionsandrodsthatsupportthepyramidarea20thcenturyexpressionequivalenttotheornatecarvinginthemasonryfacadesofthePalaceofLouvre.Theprojectalsoincludedtheconstructionofashoppingmall,aculturalcenter,anauditorium,andparkinggarages.,自始至终，石头墙壁和地板克制的细节，简单的几何形状，和宽敞匀称的空间都作为支撑新旧的合适背景。错综复杂的钢连接和钢杆支撑起整个金字塔，这是一种20世纪的表达方式，等同于卢浮宫的砖石外墙上华丽的雕刻装饰。该项目还包括建设一个购物商场、一个文化中心、一个礼堂和车库。,proportion：v.使成比例,使均衡rod：n.竿,小枝,笞鞭,TheLouvre,课文翻译Paragraph6-2,AlthoughPeisdesignwasinitiallyverycontroversial,anyonewhovisitedtheLouvrepriortothisnewentrancecanrecallstandinginlonglinesandwalkingforeveronceinside(inevitablygettinglost!).Withoutchanginganyoftheexteriorarchitecture,PeicreatedthisentrancebyexcavatingtheNapoleonCourt,formerlyaparkinglotinthecenterofthewings.Thelowerlevel,thenservesnotonlyastheinfrastructureforthemuseumbutprovideseasyandclearaccesstothethreewingsofthemuseum.,虽然贝聿铭的设计最初是非常有争议的，然而，任何在这个新入口建成之前参观过卢浮宫的人，都能回忆起排着长队，进入内部永远都在走（不可避免地迷路！）。在不改变任何外部架构的情况下，贝聿铭通过挖空拿破仑庭院，这个在两侧院之中的原先的停车场，创造了这个入口。下层则不仅可作为博物馆的基础设施，还可提供简单清晰的进入博物馆三个侧院的途径。,priorto：在前;居先exterior：adj.外部的;表面的;外在的,课文翻译Paragraph7-1,AfterPeisformerfirm,PeiCobbFreed,completedthe70-foot-tallPyramidsofLouvreand665,000-square-footundergroundentryandconcoursein1989,Peiandmuseumofficialsagreedtomoveforward.PeihasconfirmedthatheisdevelopingasolutiontomanageovercrowdingintheLouvresentrance.PeisaysattendanceattheLouvrehasincreasedalmost70percentsincethepopularprojectwascompleted,andnowhosts7.5millionvisitorseachyear.,贝聿铭之前所在的事务所贝科布弗雷德于1989年完成了这个卢浮宫前70英尺高的金字塔和665,000平方英尺的地下入口及大堂，在此之后，贝聿铭和博物馆官员同意继续向前推进。贝已经证实，他正在开发一种解决方案以解决卢浮宫入口人满为患的问题。贝说，自民心工程完成之后，参观卢浮宫的人流增加了近70，现在每年承载750万人次的客流。,concourse：n.宽敞的大厅;广场attendance：n.出席,出席的人数,课文翻译Paragraph7-2,Consequently,thepublicspacehasbecomecrowdedandloud,andhaslostmuchofthepeacefulaurathearchitectoriginallyintended“Itsarealconcernforme,”saysPei,whohadanticipatedalessdramaticjumpinattendanceafterhis“GrandLouvre”projectwascompleted.Peidoesnotyetknowthespecificmeasureshisteamwillcarryout,buthesaysthataresolutionshouldbesympathetictothesurroundingarchitecture.Headdsthatitshouldalsoallowvisitorstoaccessthecollectionsdespiteconstruction.,结果，公共空间变得拥挤而嘈杂，并且已经失去了建筑师原先期望的宁静气氛“这才是我真正担心的，”贝在他的大卢浮宫项目竣工之时，曾预计人流量不会那么显著的增加。贝还不知道他的团队将采用