非谓语动词讲解课件.ppt

语法学习,非谓语动词,Feb.28,2012,非谓语动词分类不定式（todo）动词ing-ed形式,非谓语动词可以担当的成分,1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Myhopeistoseeyou.4.Iwanthimtoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.Imgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾语）,(作表语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,作结果状语）,（作定语）,不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。否定结构为“not(never)todo”；疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how(what,which,who,whether)todo”；复合结构是“for/of+名词（或代词宾格）+todo”。不定式的三个时态形式和两个被动语态形式（可记忆为三时两语）,1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.,(作主语）,(作宾语）,(作宾补）,(作表语）,(作定语）,（作状语）,ing的时态和语态形式，以动词do为例列表如下：,语态,时态,动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构），否定结构是not+动名词；复合结构是：代词宾格（形容词性物主代词）+动名词名词（名词所有格）注：该结构置于句首时（作主语），只能用括号中间的结构。作宾语两者均可。例：1)Theyfeltsorryfornotarrivingintime.（没能及时到达，他们感到很抱歉。）2)Doyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?（我打开窗你介意吗？）3)Ourgoingthereisallowed.（我们获准去那里。）【注意在句首不能用us】,1.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcantbeused.(,(作表语）,(作定语),(作宾语补足语）,作状语）,1.现在分词和过去分词的用法区别。它们的用法主要是根据动词是及物还是不及物来确定，不及物动词根据动作完成的程度，及物动词根据语态来确定。列表如下：,分词,动词,分词的两个结构否定结构：not+分词例如：Nothavingknownhisaddress,Ididntwritetohim.复合结构（独立主格结构）有两种形式：（1）名词（代词主格）+分词（只作状语）（2）with+名词（代词宾格）+分词（作状语或定语）例：1)Thedaysworkdone,theywenthome.他们做完一天的工作就回家了。2)Hesattherewithhisfeetpointingtoothers.他坐在那儿把脚指向别人。,非谓语动词的用法区别,不定式和动名词作宾语,.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：Heofferedtohelpus.IdidntexpecttofindyouhereTheyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitationThelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein,(2)下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?ThegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseverydayGoodnewskeepscoming.TinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarmHaveyoufinishedcorrectingthestudentspapers?,(3)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：,like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.如：Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcompositionWealllikeplaying(toplay)tabletennisThentheybeganmaking(tomake)plansforthework,但是它们之间也有细微区别：Todo指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式.如：Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind(惯常行为)Ihatetosayso，butreallyIcantgowithyou(具体某次行为)Iprefertostayathometoday(具体某次行为)Hepreferswalkingtocycling(惯常行为),(4)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式时意义不同：,stoptodo停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事stopdoing停下正在做的事forgettodo忘记做某事(此事未做)forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)如HeforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostofficeIllneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttimeremembertodo记得要做某事(此事未做)/rememberdoing记得某事已做过(此事已做)如：IrememberseeingheroncesomewhereYoumustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehome,goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同一件事如：Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomethingAfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenoveltrytodo企图想做某事trydoing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)如：Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus,buthewouldntlistenLetstrydoingtheworksomeotherway.,meantodo(意思是)想做某事meandoing意味着做某事如：RevolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforceSorry,Ididntmeantohurtyouregrettodo遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)regretdoing后悔做了某事如：IregrettotellthatyoudidntpasstheexamagainHeregrettedhavingtoldherthebadnews,(5)注意有些动词如：advise，permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider接不定式与接ing形式的不同结构。,这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsidersbtodosth这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词doing.advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsiderdoingsth.,1)WeallconsiderJohn_(be)anhonestboy.2)Ourbossforbids_(chat)duringofficehours.3)Therulesdonotpermitplayers_(step)outofbounds.4)Theboybeggedtopermithim_(explain).5)Theyoungmanimagined_(live)onalonelyisland.6)Itwasuselesstoforbidchildren_(play)here.,toplay,living,toexplain,tostep,chatting,tobe,不定式、分词和动名词作定语,位置：(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。如：IhavesomethingimportanttotellyouThepoorchildrenhadlittletoeat它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。如：Thereissomebooksforyoutoread(可看成：toreadsomebooks)Idliketogetsomethingtodrink(可看成：todrinksomething),如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：Ineedapentowritewith(可看成：towritewiththepen)Shenowhasnothingtoworryabout(可看成：toworryaboutnothing),意义*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonthisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：Thebridgebuiltlastyearisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Theman_(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy2)Aman_(respect)otherswillberespected3)shecanfindnoone_(make)friendswith4)Isthereanybody_(answer)thequestion?5)Halfoftheguests_(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.,beingquestioned,respecting,tomake,toanswer,invited,6)Thematter_(discuss)isveryimportant7)Thatistheway_(operate)themachine8)Shewasaprofessor_(love)byallherstudents,beingdiscussed,tooperate,loved,不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补,现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。如：Isawhimfallingoffhisbikejustatthatmoment(看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)*不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。IsawhimfalloffhisbikeandhurthisleftlegTheyweremadetoworkdayandnight(他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。)IsawabirdcaughtbyTom.Isawtheboybeingbeatenbyhisfather,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Imeanttobuyaneveningpaper,butIdidntseeanyone_(sell)them.2)Pauldoesnthavetobemade_(learn).Healwaysworkhard.3)Thepatientwaswarned_(noteat)aftertheexamine.4)JustnowIsawaman_(walk)inthestreet,withalittlegirl_(seat)onhisshoulder,selling,tolearn,nottoeat,walking,seated,6)Theladylovedtohaveherluggage_(weigh).7)Whodidtheteacherhave_(clean)theblackboardjustnow?9)Thethiefwascaught_(steal)goodsinthesupermarketagain10)-WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?-Oh，hewasseen_(knock)downandthedriver_(drive)away,weighed,clean,stealing,knocked,drove,不定式和分词做状语,*不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。Igotuponlytofinditwasrainingoutside(起来时没有料到在下雨。)Hewastooexcitedtosayaword(太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)*分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。如：Hisparentsdied，leavinghimalotofmoney(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。)Theoutputofirondecreasedby23lastyear,reaching80，000tons(产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。),ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Beinged+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Havingbeened+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.,1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecantbelenttoyou.3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.4.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.5.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,可以写成=Toldseveraltimes,.,hecouldntunderstandwhatImeant,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)-Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?-_(select)newofficers2)Thebeautifulgirltriedtokillherselfonly_(save)3)When_(face)withastrongenemy,theyhadalwaysretreated4)_(wear)outafteralongwalk,Henrycalledandsaidhecouldntcome,Toselect,tobesaved,faced,Worn,5)Thepresidentexpressedhissatisfactionwiththeco-operation,_(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere6)Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon7)_(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag,adding,informed,Havingbeeninvited,常用几个动词的结构及意义1.seat/dress这两个动词后如有宾语用现在分词，反之用过去分词。include/consider这两个动词如果放在名词之前用现在分词，名词之后用过去分词。mi