文体分析新闻的文体特征PPT课件

.,1,StylisticAnalysisofNewsReports,.,2,Conclusion,GraphologicalFeatures语相特征,LexicalFeatures词汇特征,Syntactic/GrammaticalFeatures,SemanticFeatures语义特征,StylisticfeaturesofEnglishnewsreportsinclude:,句法和语法特征,.,3,AnalyzingPassageone:ALinguisticDescriptiveApproach,（P161）,Pleasepayattentiontothecharacteristicsofsentencesinthisnewsreport.,Points:,Pleasemarkallthepunctuationsinthisnewsreport.,Pleaseobservethestructurefeatures.,.,4,Eye-catchingheadlines,Toproduceprominenteye-catchingeffects,“BaghdadMarketIsHitby3Bombs”isprintedinboldtype,andinlargefontsthatformsasharpcontrastwiththenewsleadinsmallerfonts.,Shortparagraphs,Theuseofshortparagraphsiseasyandconvenientforthepotentialreaderstofollow.Aswecansee,passageoneissplitinto12smallerparagraphscontaining19sentences.Therefore,wecaneasytoknowthebackgroundoftheterroristattack-thetime,themakerandtheinjuredpeople.,.,5,Atthelexicallevel,TheuseofArabicnumerals,JournalistshaveapreferenceforArabicnumerals:Arabicnumeralscanmakethingsmorereasonable;Arabicnumeralscanbeunderstooduniversally;ArabicnumeralstakelesstimeandspacetobeprintedthanEnglishequivalents.,ItusesalotofArabicafigurestoillustratethenumberofinjuredordeadpeople,therelateddates,andthedistanceofsomelocations.,Theuseofabbreviations,Tosavetimeandspace,abbreviationsareusedinthenewsreport.,.,6,Theuseofshortpowerwords,Shortpowerfulwordsareverysimpleandeasy-to-understandandspace-saving.Thesewordsalsosoundvividandexciting,especiallyintheheadline.,Theuseofnamesofplacesandpeople,Tomakethenewsappearpreciseandconcrete,lotsofnamesofplacesandpeoplearegivenprominence.,Theuseofclichsandsetexpressions,Thisnewsreportwaspostedonthesamedaythatthecarbombinghappened.Undergreattimepressure,theeditorhastorelyonthosehandyandlabor-savingclichsandsetexpressiontopostthenewsontothewebpagesassoonaspossible.,.,7,Atthesyntactical/grammaticallevel,Sentencetypesandcomplexity,Inthisnewsreport,thesearealtogether19sentences,allofwhicharestatementssuitableforthedominantfunctionofgivinginformation.Besides,thejournalistsusuallyalternatebetweentheuseoflongandshort,complexandsimplesentencestomakethereadingeasierandgivevarietytotherhythmofthearticleandtobreaktheboredomofreading.,.,8,Frequentuseofquotations,Mostofthesentencesfollowtheusual“subject-predicate”order,sincemostofthesentencesinnewsreportingaredeclarativesentences.Butwhenitcomestoverbsindicatingtheideaofsay,thenormal“subject-predicate”ordermaybecome“predicate-subject”order.,Tensesinheadlinesandbody,Theheadlineiswritteninthesimplepresenttensetoconveyasenseoffreshness,whilethesimplepasttenseisusedinthesub-headlinetohighlightapastfact.Thesimplepasttenseisusedinthebodytext,sincemostnewsreportsconveyinformationoftheeventsthatjusthappened.,.,9,Atthesemanticlevel,AnalysisofthefeaturesofjournalisticEnglishatthislevelmainlyfocusontherealizationandinterpretationofthemeaningofthesamplenewsreport.,Theheadline,Inthestraightheadline“BaghdadMarketIsHitBy3Bombs”sevensimplepowerfulwordsareusedtoconveythe“where,what,why”informationtothemassiveaudienceoftheword.Furthermore,thesub-headline-“AtLeast51DeadInCoordinatedAttackonShiites”isusedtoexplainthesituationofthenewsindetail.,.,10,Thelead,Theopeningparagraphofthenewsreportisthelead-thegistofthewholemessage,whichisanimportantcharacterofnewsreporting.,What:triplecarbombingstruckWhere:abusyshoppingdistrictWhen:SaturdayHow:killingatleast51peopleandwoundingmorethan90inanattacktimedtoinflictasmanycasualtiesaspossible.,.,11,Theuseofvagueterms,Althoughnewsreportingisoftenconsideredtohavethefeaturesofaccuracyofitscontents,brevityofitslanguageandclarityofitsconstruction,vaguetermsandexpressionsstillexisttoaconsiderablylargeextent.Thereasonfortheuseofvaguetermsmaybediplomaticconsiderations,contextualappropriateness,andforbeinginformativeandrelevant.,.,12,Textpresentation,Theeventsofthenewsreportarearrangedaccordingtotherelativeimportanceofthedetailsoftheevents.Thisisadvantageoustobothth