大学英语精读3-U3 why i teach.ppt

UnitThreeWhyITeach,PeterG.Beidler,BackgroundInformation,RalphWaldoEmerson,Americanphilosopherandwriter(1830-1882),RalphWaldoEmersonwasaleaderofthephilosophicalmovementoftranscendentalism(先验说,超越论).HisessayshadastronginfluenceonbothAmericanandEuropeanreadersandwritersintheirstudyofmansrelationtolife.Inaspeechentitled“theAmericanScholar,”hecalleduponAmericanstudentsto“KnowThyself”and“StudyNature.”Intheessay“Self-Reliance”hestressestheimportanceofsturdyindependenceinthoughtandaction.,BackgroundInformation,HenryDavidThoreau,Americanwriter,philosopher,andnaturalist(1817-1862),BorninConcord,ThoreauwaseducatedatHarvardUniversity.Inthelate1830sandearly1840s,hetaughtschoolandtutoredinConcordandonStatenIsland,NewYork.AftergraduationfromHarvardUniversityin1837,ThoreaustartedaschoolthatwasperhapsthefirstinAmericatointroducefieldtripsfornaturestudy.In1845hebuiltasmallcabinatWaldenPondwithhisownhandsandlivedthereuntil1847,spending27centsaweekforfoodtosupplementthevegetablesheraised.In1854,hepublishedhismasterpieceWaldenor,LifeintheWoods.InWalden,Thoreaurecordshislifeinthewoodsanddescribesfreshlyandvividlythechangingseasonsandothernaturaleventsandscenesthatheobserved.Thoreauhadkeptajournalsince1837,andthisjournalformedthebasisforseveralbookspublishedafterhisdeath.,BackgroundInformation,AldousHuxley,Englishnovelist,essayist,critic,andpoet(1893-1963)Inhislaterworksheexpressedconcernthatthepursuitofmaterialpossessionswastakingplaceattheexpenseofindividualfreedomandarespectornature.HesatirizedsuchtrendsinBraveNewWorld(1932),anovelsetinafutureworldwhereindividualityisdeliberatelystifled.InIsland(1962),ontheotherhand,hepresentshisutopia,alibertariancommunitylivingincloseharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.,Warm-UpQuestion,Whatdoyouwanttodoaftergraduation?Whatdoyouthinkoftakingteachingasacareer?Doyouthinkthatteachersarehighlyrespectedandvaluedinyoursociety?,GlobeReading_2.1,PartDivisionoftheText,Line.2,1.Whatdoestheexpression“stepup”mean?,“Stepup”means“promotion”,whichcanbringhimmoneyandpower.Forexample,auniversityadministratorearnsmoremoneyandhasmorepowerthananaverageprofessorandmostAmericanswouldbeonlytoopleasedtogeta“stepup”towardsthesegoals.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大惑不解。,Line.5,1.Paraphrasethissentence.,CertainlyIteachnotbecauseteachingiseasyforme.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,当然，我之所以教书不是因为我觉得教书轻松。,Line.7,Paraphrasethissentence.,Teachingisaprofessionthatmakesmyeyesredforlackofsleep,mypalmssweatybecauseofnervousnessandmystomachsinkingbecauseIoftenfeelsodisappointedwithmylectures.,Line.11,Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionof“convincedthatusual”inthissentence?,Convinced引导的是过去分词短语，作伴随状语。MoreExamples:Thestudentlefttheclassroom,disappointedattheteachersdecision.Themothercouldnteatorsleep,worriedabouthersonssafety.,Line.28,1.Whatdoes“badquestions”referto?,Itreferstocarelessquestionsorsimplequestionsthateverystudentcananswerwithoutdifficulty.,2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。,Line.61,Howtounderstand“beingpresentatthecreationwhentheclaybeginstobreathe”?2.Whatcanyouinferfromthissentence?,AccordingtotheBible,manwascreatedbyGodoutofclay.WhenGodbreathedthebreathoflifeintotheclay,itbecamealiveandthecreationofmanwascompleted.HeretheauthorcomparesthejobofateachertotheworkofGod.,Wecaninferfromthissentencethattheauthorimpliesthattheteacherhelpsthestudenttobecomearealmanorwoman.,Line.66,1.Paraphrasethissentence.,Ihavethepowertogivemystudentsagentlepushintherightdirection,toarousetheirinterestandcuriosity,torecommendgoodbooks,topointoutthewaytogreaterachievements.,2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。,Line.72,Paraphrasethissentence.,Iteachbecause,whenIseethatmystudentsarebeginningtogrowandchangeinfrontofme,Ifromtimetotimefindmyselfgrowingandchangingwiththemtoo,asifnewlifewerebeingbreathedintomybody.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,我教书，是因为与开始成长的学生朝夕相处，我有时感到自己也和他们一起成长了。,outweigh:v.,bemoreimportantorvaluablethansth.ElseThebenefitsofthistreatmentfaroutweighanyrisks.Thisoutweighsallotherconsideration.,这一点是首先要考虑的。,administrative:adj.,oforinvolvingthemanagementofpublicorbusinessaffairs,Heholdsanadministrativepostinthecompany.,他的职责主要是行政方面的。,Hisdutiesaremainlyadministrative.,administrative的动词形式为administer，意思为“管理”。ThecountrywasadministeredbytheBritishuntilveryrecently.InmanyJapanesehomes,thefundsareadministeredbythewife.,administer，managesth.thatisdifficulttounderstandorexplainAjigsawpuzzleisapicturewhichhasbeencutupintobits,andyoumustmakethepictureagain.,profession:n.,1)ajobthatneedsahighlevelofeducationandtraining,Heisalawyerbyprofession.,我不知道我适合什么干职业。,Idontknowwhatprofessionwouldsuitme.,2)allthepeoplewhoworkinaparticularprofession,Thedoctorisrespectedbyhisprofession.,Theteachingprofessionclaimtobebadlypaid.,Collocations:,practiceaprofession,thelegal/medicalprofession,byprofession,从事某职业,法律/医疗职业（界）,以为职业,reflection:n.,1)carefulthought,oranideaoropinionbasedonthis,Afterreflection,IfeelImakethewrongdecision.,Shefailedthistimebecauseshediditwithoutsufficientreflection.,2)animagethatyoucanseeinamirror,glass,orwater,Welookedatourreflectionsinthelake.,他能够在光亮的桌面上看见自己的映像。,Hecanseehisreflectiononapolishedtable-top.,Collocations:,afterreflection,onreflection,mature/sober/seriousreflection,经过考虑之后,再三思考,成熟/冷静/认真的思考,convince:v.,makesomeonefeelcertainthatsth.istrue;persuadesb.todosth.,Hewasconvincedofhiserror.,我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。,WeconvincedAnnetogobytrainratherthanbyplane.,Pattern:,beconvincedof(that),befully(half)convinced,convincesb.of,convinceoneselfof,确信；承认,完全相信（半信半疑）,使某人承认；使某人信服,充分相信,compel:v.,forcesomeonetodosth.;makepeoplehaveaparticularfeelingorattitude,Hewascompelledbyillnesstosuspendhisexperiment.,他们的聪明和技艺博得我们的赞赏。,Theirclevernessandskillcompelouradmiration.,opportunity:n.,achancetodosth.oranoccasionwhenitiseasyforyoudodosth.,Ihavebeenofferedajob.Itsagreatopportunity.,我没有机会和她谈这件事。,Ihadnoopportunitytodiscussitwithher.,Collocations:,grab/seize/takeanopportunity,offer/missanopportunity,anopportunityfor,goldenopportunity,opportunity,chanceuseasabaseforfurtherdevelopment,Wemustbuildonourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.,他们根据自己的研究作出了这个结论。,Theydrewtheconclusionbybuildingontheirownresearchwork.,CF:,build是一个常用词，与之搭配组成的短语还有：,buildin,buildinto,buildup,安装，固定,使固定于，使成为的一部分,树立，建立；增进，增强,stimulate:v.,encourageorhelpanactivitytobeginordevelopfurther;encouragesomeonebymakingthemexcitedaboutandinterestedinsth.,Thegovernmentplanstocuttaxesinordertostimulatetheeconomy.,表扬她就能激励她更加努力。,Praisealwaysstimulateshertomakefurtherefforts/tomakegreaterefforts.,stimulate,encouragedosth.forsomeone,orgivethemsth,inreturnforhelpingyou,Hehadtosellhiscartorepaythebankloan.,HowcanIeverrepayyouforyourkindness?,公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力.,Thefirmrepaidherhardworkwithabonus.,Collocations:,repaythemoneytosb.,repayonesdebttosociety,把钱还给（某人）,回报社会,loan:,1.n.,1)anamountofmoneythatyouborrowfromabank,etc.,Imonlyaskingforaloan.Illpayyouback.,Wecouldapplyforaloantobuyacar.,2)thetimewhenyoulendsth.tosb.,MayIhavetheloanofyourbicycle?,谢谢你借给我自行车。,Thankyouverymuchfortheloanofyourbike.,2.vt.(AmericanEnglish)lendsb.sth.,esp.money;(BritishEnglish)lendsth.valuabletosomeone,Thislibraryloansbooks,CDsandvideotapes.,这位艺术家把她的绘画出借给博物馆。,Theartistloanedherpicturestothemuseum.,distribute:v.,1)sharethingsamongagroupofpeople,especiallyinaplannedway,Hedistributedsweetstoallthechildrenintheclass.,他们把奖品分发给获胜者。,Theydistributedtheprizesamongthewinners.,2)spreadsth.overalargearea,Ourshopsaredistributedalloverthecity.,示威者向行人分发传单。,Thedemonstratorsdistributedleafletstothepassers-by.,CF:,distribute,assignomit,IvemadealistofnamesIhopeIhaventleftanyoneout.,她在叙述中漏掉了一个重要细节。,Sheleftoutanimportantdetailinheraccount.,NB:,leave还有很多其他的搭配，例如：,leavealone,leavebehind,leavefor,让独自待着；不打扰,忘了带；留下,动身前往（某地）,energetic:adj.,havingorneedingalotofenergyordetermination,Heisanenergeticboy;heenjoyssports.,这些年轻的学生们越干越有劲。,Themoretheyoungstudentsworked,themoreenergetictheybecame.,occasional:adj.,happeningsometimesbutnotoftenorregularly,Wegettheoccasionalvisitorshere.,Haveyouseentheoccasionaltableinfrontofthesofa?,家里这些天需要一个临时司机。,Thefamilyneedsanoccasionalchauffeurthesedays.,workon,1)tryveryhardtoimproveorachievesth.,Heisworkingonanewnovel.,Hisdancingtechniqueisgood,butheneedstoworkonhisfitness.,2)trycontinuouslytoinfluencesomeoneorpersuadethemtodosth.,Imworkingonmyfathertogethimtotakemetotheairport.,史密斯游说其他委员投票赞成这项提案。,Smithworkedontheothercommitteememberstovoteforthebill.,switch:,1.v.,1)changefromdoingorusingonethingtodoingorusinganother,Iusedtocookonelectricity,butIveswitchedtogas.,2)turnoffamachine,light,radio,etc.usingaswitch,Wouldyoupleaseswitchtheradiooff?,2.n.theactofturningorchanging,Whendidyoumaketheswitchfromgastoelectricityinthishouse?,几次转向之后,我发现自己来到了邮局门口。,AfterseveralswitchesofdirectionIfoundmyselfinfrontofthepostoffice.,intuition:n.,Theabilitytounderstandorknowsth.becauseofafeelingratherthanbyconsideringthefacts;anideaaboutwhatistrueinaparticularsituationbasedonafeelingratherthanfacts,IcantexplainhowIknewIjusthadanintuitionthatyoudbeeninvolvedinanaccident.,没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你.我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的.,Nobodytoldmewheretofindyou.Itwassheerintuition.,Collocations:,haveanintuition,trustonesintuition,byintuition,有一种直觉,相信某人的直觉,凭直觉,magic:,1.n.theabilityofparticularpeopleinchildrensstoriestomakeimpossiblethingshappenbysayingspecialwordsLikemagic,thecarchangesintoaboatwhenithitsthewater.,他们相信那都是魔法造成的。,Theybelievethatitwasalldonebymagic.,2.adj.verygoodorveryenjoyable,Thatmusicisreallymagic!,Yougotthetickets?Magic!,我们今天玩得很痛快!,Wehadamagictimetoday!,catchonesbreath:,restsoastobeabletocontinueanactivity,stopbreathingforamomentfromsurprise,shock,etc.,Afterrunningtothebusstop,wesatdowntocatchourbreath.,长途追逐后，这几条狗气喘吁吁,Thedogswerecatchingtheirbreathafterthelongchase.,Collocations:,holdonesbreath,outofbreath,under(ones)breath,inonebreath/inthesamebreath,屏息,气喘吁吁,压着嗓音，低声说,同时，立刻,matter,1.v.beimportant,especiallytobeimportanttoyou,ortohaveaneffectonwhathappens,IknowCharlesdoesntthinkthisprojectisimportant,butitmatterstome.,我们迟到了，可好像没什么关系。,Wewerelatebutitdidntseemtomatter.,2.n.asubjectorsituationthatyouhavetothinkaboutordealwith,CouldItalktoyouaboutapersonalmatter?,谈论世界问题是一回事，解决问题却是另一回事。,Talkingabouttheworldsproblemsisonething,butsolvingthemisanothermatteraltogether,analysis:n.,studyofsth.byexaminingitspartsandtheirrelationships,Thechemistismakingananalysisofthepoison.,Wemustmakeacloseanalysisofthesituation.,analysis的复数形式是analyses,动词形式为analyse或analyze与其有相似变化的词还有：basisbasesbaseparalysisparalysesparalyse/paralyze,NB:,rare:adj.,notseenorfoundveryoften,ornothappening