能力训练-写作基本要领及步骤

写作基本要求与步骤,审题段落构思谴词造句,怎样写好段落,段落的三个组成部分：主题句(topicsentence)扩展句(developmentsentences)结论句(concludingsentence),sample,1.Drugaddictionisagrowingproblemamongyoungpeopleinmanycountriesnowadays.Surveysshowanincreasingnumberofteenageaddicts.Addictionisoftenlinkedtopovertyandunemployment.Intheirdespair,youngstersareturningtotheeasyreliefofdrugswithoutrealizingthedamagetheyaredoingtotheirbodies.Thegovernmentmustdosomethingtocombatthisproblem.,篇章连接词语,1。用于“启”的过渡词语First,firstofall,firstly,inthefirstplace,atfirst,2.用于承的过渡词语Second,secondly,inaddition,moreover,whatsmore,forexample,Forinstance,inotherwords,etc,3。用于转的过渡词语however,ontheotherhand,but,whereas,onthecontrary,nevertheless,yet,4.用于合的过渡词语Therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inaword,finally,atlast,inshort,ingeneral,段落展开方法,1。排列（listing)Travelingbybicyclehasmanyadvantages.First,.Second,.last,InChina,bicyclesareverypopularandwelcomedbyalmosteveryone.Thereasonsareasfollows:First,abikeischeap,andmostpeoplecanaffordit.Abikecostsfromonlyabout200yuanto500yuan.Second,ridingabikeisagoodexercise,anditcanhelpustokeepit.Third,bikesdontcauseairpollution,sothatpeopleinacitywillhaveaniceenvironmenttolivein.Finally,abikedoesntneedalargeparkingspace.Forthesereasons,manypeopleinChinalikeabikeverymuch.(seep101),Thesedayse-mailisverycommon,andispopularamongalmostallcity-dwellers.Itsadvantagesareasfollows.First,emailischeap:forexample,ifyousendane-mailmessagetotheUnitedStatesitwillcostyouonlyafewfens.Second,itisfast.Ane-mailmessagetakesafewsecondstoreachthepersonwhoitisintendedfor.Finally,e-mailisconvenient,youcansenditoutthroughyourcomputerathomeoroffice.Forthesereasons,manypeoplelikee-mailverymuch.,2.举例（Examplification）Cooperationisimportantinacompetitivesociety.Bycooperation,peoplecanfinishdifficulttasksotherwiseimpossibleforanyindividualalone.Forexample,Takeforexample,.(seesampleinP102),Today,therearemanymeansoftransportforpeopletotravelby.Oneofthebest,forexample,.Myfavoritemeansoftransportis.,3.比较与对照（Comparisonandcontrast）Althoughtherearesomesimilaritiesbetweenthecityandcountryside,therestillexistgreatdifferences.Lifeinthecityismoreconvenient.Butitisnoisyandcrowdedinthecity.Lifeinthecountryside,ontheotherhand,ismuchsimplerandcomparativelydull.Butanyhow,thereismuchlessnoisethere,andtheairiscleaner.(seesampleinP101),4.因果法(causeandeffect)Eachyear,thousandsofstudentsleavehighschoolbeforegraduation.Isthereaparticularreasonforthehighdropoutrate?Educationalsurveysuncovermanycontributingcauses.TobeginwithBesides,Furthermore,.Andfinally,Therefore,.,Samplesofwriting,Sample1,ItpaystobehonestNowadays,whereveryougo,youwillhearpeoplecomplainaboutpeoplesdishonesty.Oncampus,peoplearetalkingaboutstudentscheatinginexams;injobmarket,theemployersaretroubledwithconfusingfalsecredentials;andinshoppingareas,customersareworryingaboutmanyfakecommoditiestheycanneverprotectthemselvesfrombuying.Inaword,thereischeatinganddishonestpracticeineverywalkofourlife.,Whyisdishonestysoprevailing?Thereare,tomymind,plentyofcontributingcauses,amongwhich,thefollowingonesareparticularlyworthmentioning.First,competitionisalwayssofierceeverywhere,fromcampustocompany,andfromjobmarkettosupermarket.Second,peopleareattachingtooimportancetotheimprovementoftheirmateriallifethattheyneglectthedevelopmentofthespiritualandmoralvalues,andconsequently,theydoalotofthingsinsensibly.,Itpaystobehonestinthelongrun,andhonestywillbringyoufriendsandmorebusinesspartners,andthusbringyouhappinessandfortune.Besides,tobehaveourselvesistobehaveinanhonestway.Andfinally,beinghonestisthefirststeptowardsspiritualcivilization.Therefore,letsrememberthatnestisalwaysthebestpolicy.,Sample2,AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheATM(自动取款机）,Nowadays,theATMispopulararoundus.Likeeverythingelse,ithasbothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagecanbelistedasfollows.First,itisconvenient.DepositorscandrawmoneyfromanATMwithoutfillinginadrawingform.Beside,itissafe.NooneelsecandrawmoneyfromanATMexceptthedepositorhimselfbecausethedrawerhastoputinthesecretcodetodrawmoney.Mostimportantofall,whendepositorsneedmoneyatnight,theycandrawmoneyfromaround-theclockATM.,Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,incaseadepositorforgetshissecretcode,hecannotdrawmoneyfromtheATM.Tomakemattersworse,ifadepositordoesnotoperatetheATMproperly,hiscardwillbewithheldbytheATM.Worstofall,theATMinsomebanksoftenmalfunctionanddepositorscannotdrawmoneyfromthem.,Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoutweighthenegativeones.Therefore,moreandmorepeopletendtousetheATMforthesakeofconvenienceandsafety.,Sample3,PeoplesconceptofconsumptionischanginginChinaManypeoplearebuyingoncreditMypersonalviewisthat.(Seep168),Sample4,TheadvantageforChinatoenterWTOThechallengesforChinaafteritentersWTOMyownopinion(seep217),Sample5,HowtosolvetheproblemofHeavytrafficWiththeboomingofthemotorindustry,thereareanincreasingnumberofvehiclesontheroads.Asaresult,trafficjamsoftenoccur.,Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,roadsshouldbebroadenedtolowerthedegreeofcongestionandtospeeduptheflowofheavytraffic.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemofheavytrafficistoopenupmorebusroutesto