经典高考语法专攻名词性从句

语法专攻,名词性从句,感受高考,But，totallyengagedinmyownstudy,Iseldompayattentiontowhatmotherneedsandfeels,andalwaysthinkstudyingwellistheonlythingIcoulddoinreturn.(2011江苏书面表达),Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplacessuggeststhatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.（2011江苏单项填空22）,_,_,_,_,_,介词宾语从句,同位语从句动词宾语从句,WhatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.(2011北京卷22),.Iamafraidhesmoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.(2011山东卷26）,_,_,主语从句,表语从句,一.概述,1.连接词2.语序：陈述；感叹句不变,1.连接词：引导名词性从句的关联词：连词三个，连接代词五对，连接副词四个,注：表语从句还可以由because,as(像的样子/那样),asif/though等引出,翻译：1.这是因为他们学习特别细心的缘故2.天好像要下雨似的3.情况并不是表面上看起来的那个样子。,Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulintheirstudies.,Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain,Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe,2、名词性从句中的语序问题问题1：1、Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.(全国2000)A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis2、Thephotographswillshowyou_（MET1989）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,D,B,问题2：1)Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_sillymistakesIhadmade.（05湖南卷）A.whatB.thatC.howD.which2)Parentsaretaughttounderstand_importanteducationistotheirchildrensfuture.（04广东）A.thatB.howC.suchD.so,A,B,二.考点归纳,考点一：连词，连接代词，连接副词的用法及区别考点二:同位语从句的引导和辨别考点三：同位语从句和定语从句的区别考点四：because/why引导的表语从句,与reason用于表语从句考点五：宾语从句的时态呼应考点六：名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致考点七.名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点八：it作形式主语与形式宾语考点九、其它需要注意的几个问题,考点一：连词，连接代词，连接副词的用法及区别,1.that与what的区别：1）含义：That无含义What:“什么”“所说的/做的.话/事”,what既是连词，又作成分。在从句中作_what相当于_that只是连词，不作成分引导_从句时，一般不可以被省略。引导多个宾语从句时，_可以省，其余的都不能省。,主语、宾语、表语、定语,主语、表语、同位语,2)作用,第一个that,allthat,Fillintheblankswiththeproperwords:,1.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.3.Astorygoes_ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.5.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.6._sheisntgoodatEnglishisnoneofmybusiness.7._hewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversitymadeallhisfamilyveryhappy.,where,what,that,what,what,That,That,that/what,8._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.9.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey10.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_acureforAIDSwillbefound.11.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_sillymistakesIhadmade.12.Is_youtoldmereallytrue?,What,that,that,what,what,what,1.Canyoutellme_countryyoucamefrom？2.Canyoutellme_countryyoucamefrom,EnglandorAmerica?,2.what/which的区别,what,which,3.if和whether的选用,不能使用if的情况：,a.主语从句,表语从句，同位语从句b.介词后的宾语从句c.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.d.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,以下是名词性从句吗？1)Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.2)IfIhaveenoughtime,Iwillplayfootball.,whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。,4.that、whether的区别:that用于表示肯定的意义，而whether表疑问。Idontdoubtthathewillwin.(Imsure)Idoubt/wonder/ItdoesntmatterItmakesnodifferenceItisuncertainItisnotmadeclearItisstillaquestionItisnotdecidedItistobefoundoutItistobedecidedIhavenoidea/dontknow,whether,5:who,whoever,whom和whomeverwhoever无论谁,不含有疑问意味。相当于thepersonwho,或anyonewho,who,意思是谁,含有疑问意味,1._willgiveusatalkisunknowntous.2._breaksthelawshouldbepunished.3.Itsamatterof_wouldtaketheposition.4.Youcangivetheticketto_youlike.你可以把票给任何你想给的人。,Exercises,Who,Whoever,who,whomever,6.Wh-ever,连接代词whoever，whomever,whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.,复合疑问连接代词引导的名词性从句相当于先行词+关系代词结构,Whoever=anyonewhoWhomever=anyonewhomWhosever=anyonewhoseWhatever=anythingthatWhichever=anyonewho/anythingthatWhatever无论什么；whichever无论哪一个需有一定的范围,引导状语从句：whoever=nomatterwhowhomever=nomatterwhomwhosever=nomatterwhosewhatever=nomatterwhatwhichever=nomatterwhich,Exercises:句型转换,1.Illshowyouanythingyouwanttosee.Illshowyou_youwanttosee.2.Youmaychooseanyonewhoyoulike.Youmaychoose_youlike.3.Nomatterwhoheis,hemustobeythelaw._heis,hemustobeythelaw.,whatever,whoever,Whoever,选词填空,whatever/nomatterwhat,_hesays,Ialwaysbelievehim.Ialwaysbelieve_hesays.,who/whoever/whomever/nomatterwho,Pleasegivetheprizeto_willcomefirst.Itisunwisetogivesuchanimportantjobto_youdonttrust._youare,youcantpassthisway._willgotoBeijingforthemeetingisntdecided._willgotoBeijingforthemeetingshouldstandforthewholecountry.,Whatever/Nomatterwhat,whatever,whoever,whomever,Whoever/Nomatterwho,Who,Whoever,7.引导词that的省略,that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略,that不可省略的情况：a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略f.that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时g.介词except,but,besides,in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时h.当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that(或this)时，that常不可省略。i.that引导的宾语从句位于句首时,that/(that),1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_heiscareless.4.Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.7.Havingchecked_thedoorswereclosed,and_allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,(that),that,that/(that),7.Wetookitforgranted_theywouldaccepttheproposal.8.Iknowwhatthetimeisand_thewindremainslow.9.Hesaid_thiswasnothisbook,buthissisters.10._sheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydontbelieve.11.Hejudged_,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine.12.Thereasonliesin_sheworksharderthantheothersdo.,that,that,that,that,That,that,注：,that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末,这时that可以省略。例如:Thathehaslosthisworkisnottrue.他丢了工作不是真的。=Itisnottrue(that)hehaslosthiswork.,考点二、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,1.（09江西）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists_theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though2.Thesuggestion_heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./,考点三:that引导同位语与定语从句的区别,同位语从句前的名词是一个具有抽象意味的名词。从句就是其内容。that在从句中_成分，_省略。而定语从句就是对前先行词进行修饰限定，that在从句中_句子成分，作_时可以省略。,作,宾语,不作,不可以,考点四：because/why引导的表语从句与reason用于表语从句Because的表语从句：句型为：This/That/Itis/wasbecause意为：“这是因为/这是的缘故”This/That/Itis/waswhy意为:这就是的原因Reason在表语从句中句型为：Thereasonisthat理由是Thereason(why)isthat的理由是Thatwasbecausehefellill.Thatwaswhyhefellill.Thereasonwasthathefellill.Thatwasthereasonwhyhefellill.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheearlybus.,这是因为他病倒了。,这就是他病倒的原因。,理由是他病倒了。,这就是他病倒得原因。,他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。,练习：-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where,A,考点五：宾语从句的时态呼应,1.主句是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,2.主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertellus_,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,Hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline.,考点六：名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致,主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwheretheaccidenttookplace_stillunknown.A：hasB：isC：wereD：are,B,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting_A.shouldputoffB.beputoffC.wasputoffD.puttingoff,表示一坚持，二命令，四建议，四要求的insist/order,command/advise,recommend,suggest,propose/ask,demand,require,request后的宾语从句谓语动词用_,(should)+do/bedone,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe_(was/be/is)satisfiedwithourwork.,was,考点七.名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1),考题点击：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.-Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmothersillness?-Hesuggestedthatshe_anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhad,B,C,a.IwishI_(know)theanswernow.,b.Iwishhe_(pass)theexamyesterday.,c.IwishI_(fly)tothemooninafewyears.,knew,hadpassed,wouldfly,宾语从句中（2）,B、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperativeItisapity,ashame,nowonder,考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold,D,B,C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry,A,1.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_cleaner.A.shouldbemadeB.ismadeC.wouldbemadeD.wasmade2.-HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had3.Themonitormadeaproposalthatthewholeclass_thematter.A.discussedB.woulddiscussC.bediscussedD.discuss,Exercises,4.Galileoinsistedthattheearth_roundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB5.Theoldprofessorsorderisthattheexperiment_before6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished,Exercises,考点八：it作形式主语与形式宾语,It作形式主语(1)Itis名词从句Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonor/commonknowledge/likely/true/surprisingthat遗憾的是/事实是/非常荣幸/是常识(2)Itis形容词从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat(4)Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.,(5)由wh-类的词引导的主语从句若放在句尾时，用it作形式主语。(除了what(ever)Ithasntbeenmadepublicwhentheywillcome.他们什么时候来还没有宣布。Itwontmaketoomuchdifferencewhetherhewilljoinus.她是否会加入我们不会有多大的影响。It作形式宾语如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放到宾补之后,it作形式主语或形式宾语的问题问题：1、_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2、Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.（04全国I）AthisBthatCitDone3、Thechairmanthought_necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.（05全国卷1）AthatBitCthisDhim,D,C,B,考点9、其它需要注意的几个问题在think,believe,suppose,expect,guess等动词后的否定转移问题；2）在hope,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,think,expect,fear以及beafraid等词语后，可用so代替一个宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)。3）关于doubtsb.doubtif/whether.sb.dont/doesntdoubtthat.Thereisnodoubtthat.Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegame.4)疑问词doyouthink/believe/suppose+(用陈述句语序)Whodoyouthinkweinvitedtogiveusthetalk?5)关注插入语,关注插入语,1.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat_.A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtright2.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who3.Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when,插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。在名词性从句中，可以将其省略，不受其影响。Iamsure，Ithink,Ibelieve，Iwonder，youknow，yousee，thatis(tosay)，asIseeit照我看来，whatisimportant/serious重要/严重的是，Imafraid等。,6）表语从句中连接副词how,where,why的活译。Thequestionishowwecanovercomethedifficulties.Thisishowweovercamethedifficulties.ThatiswhereheoncelivedThisiswhyhefellill.,问题是我们怎样才能克服困难。,这就是我们克服困难的方法（