机电专业英语第2版21Unit-21机电一体化

Mechatronics,Unit21,机电一体化,Mechatronics,Mechatronics,Mechatronicsisthecombinationofmechanicalengineering,electronicengineeringandsoftwareengineering.Thepurposeofthisinterdisciplinaryengineeringfieldisthestudyofautomatafromanengineeringperspectiveandservesthepurposeofcontrollingadvancedhybridsystems1.Theworditselfisaportmanteauof“Mechanics”and“Electronics”.,Mechatronicsiscentredonmechanics,electronics,controlengineering,computingandmolecularengineering2.Theportmanteau“Mechatronics”wasfirstcoinedbyMr.TetsuroMori,aseniorengineeroftheJapanesecompanyYaskawa,in19693.Mechatronicsmayalternativelybereferredtoas“electromechanicalsystems”or1essoftenas“controlandautomationengineering”，asshowninFig.21-14.,Fig.21-1thevariousfieldsmakingupmechatronics,Engineeringcyberneticsdealswiththequestionofcontrolengineeringofmechatronicsystems5.Itisusedtocontrolorregulatesuchasystem.Throughcollaborationthemechatronicmodulesperformtheproductiongoalsandinheritflexibleandagilemanufacturingpropertiesintheproductionscheme.Modernproductionequipmentconsistsofmechatronicmodulesthatareintegratedaccordingtoacontrolarchitecture6.Themostknownarchitecturesinvolvehierarchy,polyarchy,heterarchyandhybrid.Themethodsforachievingatechnicaleffectaredescribedbycontrolalgorithms,whichmayormaynotutilizeformalmethodsintheirdesign.Hybridsystemsimportanttomechatronicsincludeproductionsystems,synergydrives,planetaryexplorationrovers,automotivesubsystemssuchasanti-lockbrakingsystems,spin-assistandeverydayequipmentsuchasautofocuscameras,video,harddisks,CD-players,washingmachines.,mechatronics,mektrniksn.机电一体化；机械电子学combination,kmbineinn.结合；组合；联合interdisciplinary,intdisiplinriadj.各学科间的；跨学科的automata:tmtn.自动装置；机器人（automaton的复数）perspectivepspektivn.观点；前景，展望，前途；透视图adj.透视的portmanteaup:tmntun.旅行皮箱；混成词adj.多用途的，多性质的coinkinvt.铸造（货币）；杜撰，创造，发明n.硬币，钱币cybernetics,saibnetiksn.控制论regulaterejuleitvt.调节，调整；规定；控制；校准collaborationk,lbreinn.合作，协作；勾结；通敌inheritinheritvt.继承，遗传而得,flexiblefleksibladj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的agiledailadj.敏捷的；机敏的；活泼的propertyprptin.性质，性能；财产；所有权hierarchyhai,r:kin.层次结构polyarchypli,:kin.多元化结构heterarchyhet,r:kin.变态分层结构utilizeju:tilaizvt.利用；使用servethepurpose为目的服务，有助于解决becentredon集中在上,以为核心,1.Thepurposeofthisinterdisciplinaryengineeringfieldisthestudyofautomatafromanengineeringperspectiveandservesthepurposeofcontrollingadvancedhybridsystems.译文：这种跨学科的工程领域旨在从工程学的角度研究自动控制，从而达到控制各种先进的混合动力系统的目标。说明：“fromanengineeringperspective”canberewrittenas“fromtheperspectiveofengineering”.“fromperspective”means“fromviewpoint,inopinion”(从的角度).“servethepurpose(of)”means“管用；为目的服务，有助于解决；可充当”,e.g.1)Themostthreateningchange,frommyperspective,isexterminationofspecies.在我看来，威胁最大的莫过于物种的灭绝。2)Icantfindascrewdriverbutthisfileshouldservethepurpose.我一时找不到螺丝刀，这把指甲锉可暂时凑合着用。,2.Mechatronicsiscentredonmechanics,electronics,controlengineering,computingandmolecularengineering.译文：机电一体化以机械学、电子学、控制工程、计算机技术和分子工程为核心。说明：“becentredon”means“focuson,concentrateon”(集中在上,以为核心),e.g.1)ThediscussionwascentredonthedevelopmentofEastEurope.讨论围绕东欧发展这一中心议题进行。2)Althoughthedeclineintotalorderbookswasmainlycentredonthedomesticmarket,growthofnewexportbusinessalsoeasednoticeably.尽管在总订单中的下跌主要集中在国内市场，但新出口业务的增长也明显减缓。,3.Theportmanteau“Mechatronics”wasfirstcoinedbyMr.TetsuroMori,aseniorengineeroftheJapanesecompanyYaskawa,in1969.译文：“机电一体化”这一合成词最早是由日本公司Yaskawa的高级工程师TetsuroMori先生于1969年首创的。说明：“aseniorengineeroftheJapanesecompanyYaskawa”istheappositiveof“Mr.TetsuroMori”.“becoinedby”means“beinventedby”(由某人首创或发明),e.g.TheexpressionblackholewascoinedbytheoreticalphysicistJohnWheeler.“黑洞”这个词汇是由理论物理学家约翰惠勒创造的。,4.Mechatronicsmayalternativelybereferredtoas“electromechanicalsystems”or1essoftenas“controlandautomationengineering”，asshowninFig.21.1.译文：机电一体化也可以称作“机电系统”，极少数的时候也可称作“控制与自动化工程”，如图21.1所示。说明：“asshowninFig.21.1”omitsthelinkverb“is”.“as”introducesanadverbialclaueofmanner.“bereferredtoas”means“becalled”(被称为)e.g.1)Thedaysaregonewhenwomencouldbereferredtoastheweakersexwithoutcausingtrouble.称女人为弱者而不会惹上麻烦的日子，已经一去不复返了。2)Naturallyoccurringrockoilisreferredtoascrudeoilorpetroleum.天然形成之石油，我们称作原油或石油。,5.Engineeringcyberneticsdealswiththequestionofcontrolengineeringofmechatronicsystems.译文：工程控制论处理机电系统中的控制工程问题说明：“dealwith”means“manage,copewith”(处理；论述，讨论),e.g.1)Teachyourchildnottodealwithstressoremotionsbyusingfood.教育孩子不要用食物来对付心理压力、情绪。2)Thebestwaytodealwiththesedrawbacksofthedatadelugeis,paradoxically,tomakemoredataavailableintherightway,byrequiringgreatertransparencyinseveralareas.处理海量信息的这些缺陷的最好方式是是使更多的信息能够从正确的途径获得，即在这些领域要求信息更加透明。,6.Modernproductionequipmentconsistsofmechatronicmodulesthatareintegratedaccordingtoacontrolarchitecture.译文：现代生产设备由根据控制结构所集成的机电模块组成。说明：”that”introducesanrestrictiveattributiveclausemodifying“mechatronicmodules”.“consistof”means“beformedwith,becomposedof”(由组成，包含),e.g.1)TheMOSdynamicshiftregistersdonotconsistofflip-flops,butofinverters.MOS动态移位寄存器不是用触发器组成，而是用反相器组成。2)Allbodiesconsistofmoleculesandtheseofatoms.一切物质都由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。,I.Answerthefollowingquestions.,WhatisthemajorpurposeofthestudyofMechatronics?2.WhydoestheauthorsayMechatronicsisaninterdisciplinaryengineeringfield?,ThepurposeofMechatronicsisthestudyofautomatafromanengineeringperspectiveandservesthepurposeofcontrollingadvancedhybridsystems.,Otherfundamentalmachineelementshaveevolvedfromwheelandlever.,Key,Key,I.Answerthefollowingquestions.,Whataretheadvantagesofusingthemechatronicmodules?4.Whathybridsystemsareimportanttomechatronics?,Throughcollaborationthemechatronicmodulesperformtheproductiongoalsandinheritflexibleandagilemanufacturingpropertiesintheproductionscheme.,Hybridsystemsimportanttomechatronicsincludeproductionsystems,synergydrives,planetaryexplorationrovers,automotivesubsystemsandeverydayequipment.,Key,Key,II.Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.,regulateintegratedportmanteauhybridautomaton,anewwordformedbyjoiningtwoothersandcombiningtheirmeanings2.amechanismthatcanmoveautomaticallysomething(asapowerplant,vehicle,orelectroniccircuit)thathastwodifferenttypesofcomponentsperformingessentiallythesamefunction4.tofixoradjustthetime,amount,degree,orrateof5.formedintoawholeorintroducedintoanotherentity,portmanteau,automaton,hybrid,regulate,integrated,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,Mechatronicsiscentredonmechanics,electronics,controlengineering,computingandmolecularengineering.2.Throughcollaborationthemechatronicmodulesperformtheproductiongoalsandinheritflexibleandagilemanufacturingpropertiesintheproductionscheme.,机电一体化以机械学、电子学、控制工程、计算机技术和分子工程为核心。,机电模块通过协作来完成生产目标，同时在生产过程中继承了柔性制造和敏捷制造的特性。,Key,Key,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,3.Themostknownarchitecturesinvolvehierarchy,polyarchy,heterarchyandhybrid.,最为人熟知的结构包括数据层次结构、多元化结构、变态分层结构、混合结构。,Key,机电产品说明书是机电产品标识的重要组成部分，良好的阅读机电产品说明书的能力是我们从事相关行业的基本条件，对我们来说就是通过阅读机电产品的说明书掌握相应产品的特征、性能、质量状况，使用、保养条件等内容。下面是两例产品说明书的节选。,机电产品英文使用说明书范例,.InstructionBookForRefrigerator电冰箱说明书Featuresofproduct产品特点Luxurywidedoorseries,Europeanoptimizedman-machinedesign.Nodoorhandle,openitbypullingofthedooredge.豪华宽门系列，欧洲最优化人机工程设计无门把手，随处开门；Highenergysaving.Phasinginhighenergy-savingcompressor,threecyclingsystemandthickinsulationgettheappliancehavinghighcoolingefficiencyandbetterenergysaving.高效节能，采用高效节能压缩机、三循环制冷系统及加厚发泡层，制冷效率更高、更节能。Safetyinformation安全注意事项Makesuretouseaseparateearthedsocket.务必使用单独的、带接地线的三芯电源插座。Pulloutthemainsplugwhenyourepairorcleanthemachine.维修或清洁冰箱时，必须拔下电源插头。Donotstoreinflammableorexplosivematerialsinappliancestoavoidexplosionorfire.禁止将易燃、易爆物品放在冰箱中，以防爆炸和火灾。,Transportationandplacement搬运和放置Donotmovetheappliancebyholdingadoorordoorhandle.不可抓着门或门把手来搬运冰箱。Youshouldliftitfromthebottom.应从底部抬起冰箱。Youcannotliedownorreversetheappliancetomove.不宜将冰箱横抬或倒置。Connectingtheappliance电器联接Theratedvoltageoftheapplianceis220Valternatingcurrentandtheratedfrequencyis50Hz.Itcanvaryfrom180Vto220V.冰箱的额定电压为交流220V，额定频率为50Hz，允许电压波动范围为180V到220V。,.InstructionBookFor3PhaseLowVoltageInductionMotor低压三相异步电动机使用维护说明书Receptioncheck收货检查Immediatelyuponreceiptcheckthemachineforexternaldamageandiffound,informourfactorythroughtelephoneorfaxnumberwithoutdelay(tel:0086-21-6463-1777,fax:0086-21-6463-7180).收到电机后立即检查是否有损坏，如发现请立即拨打电话：0086-21-6463-1777，或发传真至0086-21-6463-7180。Checkallratingplatedata,especiallyvoltageandwindingconnection(starordelta).Turnshaftbyhandtocheckfreerotation.检查铭牌数据特别是额定电压、接线方式（星形或三角形）是否与合同订货要求相符，用手转动电机轴检查轴转动是否灵活。Insulationresistancecheck绝缘电阻检查Measureinsulationresistancebeforecommissioningandwhenwindingdampnessissuspected.Resistance,measuredat25C,shallexceedthereferencevalue,i.e.where：（表达式略）在电机调试前或怀疑线圈受潮时要测量电机的绝缘电阻，在25时的电阻值应超过以下表达式的值，表达式中：R:ohms(measuredwith500VdcMegger)R：单位欧姆（用500V绝缘电阻表测量）U=voltage,Volts;U表示电压，单位VP=outputpower,kW.P表示功率，单位kW,ARNING警告：Windingsshouldbedischargedimmediatelyaftermeasurementtoavoidriskforelectricshock.测量完绝缘电阻后应立即将测量线从电机上断开，以免线圈再次受到高电压冲击。Insulationresistancereferencevalueishalvedforeach20Criseinambienttemperature.环境温度每升高20，绝缘电阻将降低一半。Ifthereferenceresistancevalueisnotattained,thewindingistoodampandmustbeovendried.如果绝缘电阻值达不到计算值，表明线圈已经受潮需进行烘干处理。Oventemperatureshouldbe90Cfor12-16hoursfollowedby105Cfor6-8hours.先在90温度下烘12-16小时再在105下烘6-8小时。Operatingconditions运行条件Themachinesareintendedforuseinindustrialdriveapplications.Normalambienttemperaturelimits-25Cto+40C.Maximumaltitude1000mabovesealevel.电机是用来驱动其他机械，通常环境温度为-25C到+40C，海拔高度为1000米以下。,Storage储存Allmachinestorageshouldbedoneindoors,indry,wellventilationanddustfreeconditions.所有电机应储存于干燥,通风以及干净的室内。Unprotectedmachinedsurfaces(shaft-endsandflanges)shouldbegivenanti-corrosioncoatings.裸露的表面如轴伸和法兰面应涂以防锈脂。InstallationFoundation安装基础Thepurchaserbearsfullresponsibilityforpreparationofthefoundation.买方要准备好电机安装的基础。Metalfoundationsshouldbepaintedtoavoidcorrosion.金属结构的基础应涂以防锈漆防止被腐蚀。Foundationsshallbeeven,andsufficientlyrigidtowithstandpossibleshortcircuitforces.电机基础应平整，并有足够的刚度承受突然短路产生的应力。Theyshallbedimensionedastoavoidtheoccurrenceofvibrationduetoresonance.要计算其尺寸以避免因共振引起基础振动。Alignment校正中心Correctalignmentisessentialtoavoidbearingfailures,vibrationsandpossiblefracturedshaftextensions.校正电机安装中心有利于避免轴承发生故障、振动和可能发生的轴伸断裂事故。,Connection接线Thenormalmachinedesigniswithterminalboxontheright,whenviewingtheshaftfaceatthemachinedriveend.Availabilityofthesesolutionsisdescribedintheproductcatalogues.通常出线盒在电机的右侧（在电机拖动端面对轴伸视），还有其他位置可供样本选择。Besidesthemainwindingandearthingterminalstheterminalboxcanalsocontainconnectionsforstandstillheatingelements,bimetallicswitches,orPT100resistanceelements.除了绕组和接地，出线盒还可以接停机加热器、双金属温度开关或PT100测温元件等。,Motorstarting电机启动Direct-on-lineorstar/deltastarting单速电机启动（直接或Y/启动）Theterminalboxonstandardsinglespeedmachinesnormallycontains6windingterminalsandatleastoneearthterminal.Earthingshallbecarriedoutaccordingtolocalregulationsbeforethemachineisconnectedtothesupplyvoltage.Thevoltageandconnectionarestampedonthenameplate.标准单速三相异步电动机的出线盒内有6个接线头和至少1个接地接头，接地须根据操作规程在电机接上电源前进行，接线方式和电压应根据铭牌指示。Terminalsanddirectionofrotation出线与旋转方向Directionofrotationisclockwisewhenviewingtheshaftfaceatthemachinedriveend,whenthelinephasesequenceL1,L2,L3isconnectedtotheterminalsasshowninthefigure.电机的旋转方向：当相序为L1、L2、L3时，在电机拖动端面对轴伸视为顺时针旋转。Start-upofvariablespeedmotor多速电机启动Thevariablespeedmotorstartsatlow-speedstatusandthenshiftedtohigh-speed.Forvariablespeedmotorwithmanysetsofwindings,thespeedshiftshallbefulfilledwhenonewindinghaslostpower.多速电机一般应低速档启动后切换到高速，对多套绕组的变速电机在不同转速档切换时，应在一绕组失电后才能向另一绕组送电。Start-upofvariablefrequencymotor变频电机启动Whenthevariablefrequencymotorstarts,thevariablefrequencyblowershallstartssimultaneously.变频电机启动时，变频风机也必须同时启动。Thepowersupplyofvariablefrequencymotorshallbeofinvariablefrequency,andtherotatingdirectionshallbeasspecifiedinthenameplateofblower.变频电机电源必须是不变频电源，转向必须按风机外壳上的指示牌。,Maintenance保养与维护Generalinspection一般检查-Inspectthemachineatregularintervals.-在计划停机时检查-Keepthemachinecleanandensurefreeventilationair-flow.-保持电机清洁，确保良好通风-Checktheconditionofshaftsealsandreplaceifnecessary.-检查轴承密封状态，如有必要即进行更换。-Checktheconditionofconnectionsandmountingandassemblybolts.-检查各连接、地脚及装配螺栓。-Checkthebearingconditionbylisteningforunusualnoise,vibrationmeasurement,bearingtemperature,inspectionofspentgrease.-通过听声音、测量振动、轴承温度以及检查润滑油是否过期来检测轴承的状态。Lubrication更换润滑油Machineswithsealedbearings装有密封轴承的电机Machinesuptoframesize160arenormallyfittedwithsealedbearings.Itneedntregreaseduringoperation.中心高在160mm以下的电机装有密封轴承，装有密封轴承的电机在运行期间不必加油。Machinesfittedwithgreasenipples带加油口的电机Machinesframefrom180to355isnormallyfittedwithgreasenipples.Lubricatethemachinewhilerunning.中心高180355的电机轴承通常配有加油口，可以在电机运行时加润滑脂。,IntelligentManufacturingSystemsProductionengineeringandmanufacturingindustriesfacedifficultiesindevelopinganewparadigmtocopewiththepostmass-productionera.Consumerspreferenceschangeveryquicklyandvaryoverawiderangeoftaste.Aproductslifecyclebecomesshorterandshorter.Thus,rapidprototypingtechniqueshavebeenrequested,andsomenewconceptsonmanufacturinghavebeenpresentedincludingFlexibleManufacturingSystem,Factory(orFlexible)Automation,ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystem,andConcurrentEngineering,智能制造系统生产工程和制造业为开发一种新模式来应付后批量生产时代而面临困难。消费者的喜好变化无常而且口味各种各样，产品的生命周期变得越来越短。因此，已要求使用快速成型技术，同时已经提出了关于制造的一些新概念，包括柔性制造系统、工厂自动化、计算机集成制造系统和并行工程。,Aftertheterminationofthecoldwar,manyregionaleconomiescombinedthroughinternationaltradeanddynamicallyevolvedintoglobaleconomies.Suchchangehadsignificanteffectsonmanufacturingindustriesandconsequentlyonproductionengineering.Asanewparadigminthepostmass-productionera,thecreationofmanufacturingculturehasbeenadvocatedbyProf.HiroyukiYoshikawa,PresidentofUniversityofTokyo.Itcontainsnotonlythemovementtowardsstandardizationofconventionalmanufacturingknowledgebutalsothedevelopmentofaglobalmanufacturingsystemwithuseofcomputerization.Athisadvocation,theinternationalresearchprojectofIntelligentManufacturingSystems(IMS)wasinitiated.,冷战结束后，许多区域经济通过国际贸易相结合并逐渐发展为全球经济。这种变化对制造业和生产工程具有重要影响。制造文化是后批量生产时代的一种新模式，由东京大学校长吉川弘之教授所提出。它不仅包括传统生产知识的标准化趋势，还包括使用计算机化建立一个全球制造体系。在他的倡导下，智能制造系统国际合作研究项目开始启动。,ThisbimonthlyjournalisaspecialissueontheIMSprojectandsimilartopicswidelycoveringintelligentmanufacturingsystems.TheformerpartofthecontentsisthedescriptionoftheIMSproject.ItconsistsofthecommentaryarticlesquotedfromtheIMSnewsandthelatestreportsofIMSinternationaltestcases.TheJapanIMScenterpublishestheIMSnewsandstronglysupportstheIMSprojectitselfwithcollaborationofMinistryofInternationalTradeandIndustryofJapan(MITI).Theauthorsofthesereportsareprimarilyenrolledintheactualresponsibilitytopromotetheirprojectsandnewlywritethearticlesforthisjournal.IwouldliketothanktheIMScenterandeachauthorfortheircontributionstothisspecialissueontheIMSproject.,这本双月刊是关于智能制造系统研究项目和智能制造系统类似话题的特刊。前半部分内容是对智能制造系统项目的介绍，它包括从智能制造系统新闻引用的评论文章和智能制造系统国际案例的最新报道。日本智能制造系统中心发布智能制造系统的新闻，并在日本国际贸易工业部的配合下强烈支持智能制造系统项目。这些报道的作者主要负责推广他们的项目，期刊里面的文章是他们新写的。我非常感谢智能制造系统中心和向这期智能制造系统项目的特刊投稿的各位作者。,ThelatterpartofthecontentsconsistsofthearticlesontheStandardfortheExchangeofProductmodeldata(STEP)andsometechnicalpapersonmanufacturing.Aconferencereportonthe2ndJapan-FranceCongressonMechatronicsisalsoprovidedinthisissue.Iwouldliketothankallcontributorsfortheircooperationincreatingthisspecialissue.Ascanbeeasilyseen,thisissuefocusedontheforthcomingadvancementonproductionengineeringandmanufacturingthroughthemovementofIntelligentManufacturingSystems.AstheeditorofthisspecialissueonIntelligentManufacturingSystems,Ihopethatthereaderspayattentiontothisnewmovementandbecomeinvolvedinthenearfuture.,后半部分内容包括关于产品模型数据交换标准的文章和一些制造业的技术论文，还包含日本法国第二次机电一体化会议上的一篇会议报告。我要感谢所有的投稿人，感谢他们合作完成了这期特刊。显而易见，这本特刊主要探讨即将来临的由智能制造系统的发展所引起的生产工程和制造业取得的的进步。作为这期智能制造系统特刊的编辑，我希望读者注意到这一发展趋势，并在不就的将来融入其中。,paradigmprdimn.范例；示例；模范；规范preferenceprefrnsn.偏爱，倾向；优先权varyvrivi.变化；变异；违反vt.改变；使多样化termination,t:mineinn.结束，终止combinekmbainvt.使联合，使结合vi.联合，结合；化合dynamicallydainmikliadv.动态地；充满活力地evolveivlvvt.发展，进化vi.发展，进展consequentlyknsi,kwntliadv.因此，结果，所以advocatedvkeitvt.提倡，主张，拥护n.提倡者standardization,stnddaizeinn.标准化；数规格化,computerizationkm,pju:traizeinn.电脑化，计算机化initiateiniieitvt.开始，创始；发起n.开始；新加入者commentarykmntrin.评论；注释；评注；说明contributorkntribjutn.捐献人；(向报刊等)投稿人advancementdv:nsmntn.前进，进步；提升focuson集中注意力于；以(某事物)为重点；使(光线等)聚焦于beenrolledin参加；入学,1.Whyisitdifficulttodevelopanewparadigmtocopewiththepostmass-productionera?2.Whatnewconceptsonmanufacturinghavebeenpresentedtocopewiththepostmass-productionera?,IAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothereading,Becauseconsumerspreferenceschangeveryquicklyandvaryoverawiderangeoftaste.,FlexibleManufacturingSystem,FactoryA