lecture 9 翻译技巧八 顺序和逆序法

技巧7-语态变换法翻译练习：1.ThedockerswereseenunloadingthechemicalfertilizerfromS.S.“Apollo”.2.TheFinnishTradeMissionwasgivenawarmwelcomebytheircounterparts.3.OurreasonablepricehasalreadybeenacceptedbySears,whichwillleadtofurtherbusiness.4今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要和大家交换意见，5只有你方把现有订货量增至我们所确定的最低数字，我们才能供货。,练习：1.ThedockerswereseenunloadingthechemicalfertilizerfromS.S.“Apollo”.2.TheFinnishTradeMissionwasgivenawarmwelcomebytheircounterparts.3.OurreasonablepricehasalreadybeenacceptedbySears,whichwillleadtofurtherbusiness.4今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要和大家交换意见，5只有你方把现有订货量增至我们所确定的最低数字，我们才能供货。,1有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗”号轮船卸化肥。2芬兰贸易代表团受到同行们的热烈欢迎。3我方合理的价格已由西尔斯公司接受，这样可促成更多的贸易。4Youhavebeeninvitedtothisforumtodaytoexchangeideason5.Wewillnotbeabletodispatchyourshipmentuntilyourorderislargeenoughtoqualifyourminimumrequirementinsize.,技巧7-语态变换法翻译练习答案：,1有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗”号轮船卸化肥。2芬兰贸易代表团受到同行们的热烈欢迎。3我方合理的价格已由西尔斯公司接受，这样可促成更多的贸易。4Youhavebeeninvitedtothisforumtodaytoexchangeideason5.Wewillnotbeabletodispatchyourshipmentuntilyourorderislargeenoughtoqualifyourminimumrequirementinsize.,翻译技巧（八）SequencingandInversion(顺序和逆序法）,Conversiongoeshandinhandwithinversion,anotherimportantprincipalleadingtoexpressingidiomaticlanguageintransition.Inversionimpliesanecessarychangeofwordordertoconformthegoodusageinthetargetlanguage.Besidesdifferencesinwordorder,sentencestructures,logicalandtemporalsequencesofthinking,sayingandwritingbetweenthetwolanguagesmaydiffer,whichisespeciallytrueoflongsentences.LetscomparethedifferentordersbetweenChineseandEnglish.,Inversion(倒置法/词序调整法）,Basicordersinaffirmativesentences1).Birdsflyandfishswim.鱼儿游，鸟儿飞。2).ShecouldntunderstandthisEnglishsentence.她无法明白这个英语句子。,2.Basicordersininterrogativesentences1).ShallIwritehimaletter?我要给他写信吗？2).Pourmeacupoftea,willyou?给我倒杯茶好吗？3).Whatareyoudoinghere?你在这里做什么呢？Thinkaboutthisquestion：Dodifferentlanguageshavethesamebasicorder?（E.g.我爱你。）,I.ComparativeStudybetweenChineseandEnglishorder,3.Differentordersofobjectsandcomplements1).Mr.LihastaughtyouEnglishforyears.李老师教你们英语好多年了。（给、教、借等）2).Ishallwritehimaletter.我要给他写封信。3).Weselectedhimmonitorofourclass.我们选他当班长。4).WeallcallhimLaoWang.我们都称呼他为老王。(我们都叫他老王。)5).Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinourclass.她是我班最漂亮的女孩。,4.AttributesFirst，Englishhaspre-nounandpost-nounattributeswhileChinesehasonlypre-nounones.E.g.afatoldlady一个胖老太abigroundconferencetable一张又大又圆的会议桌Ahandsomeyoungmaninourschool我们学校的一位英俊的小伙子Theoldmanwhoisstandingtherewithourteacher和我们老师一起站在那边的老头,限定词数词评价性形容词新旧（年龄）形容词形状（尺寸、大小）形容词颜色形容词国籍（出处）形容词分词定语名词定语中心名词,Second，Englishhassomegeneralprincipalstoplaceseveralattributivemodifiersbeforeanoun:ThisbeautifulyoungladyManyinterestingAmericandetectivestoriesAnoldbigcountryhouseSomeexcellentyoungfilmstarsthosetwogoodbignewbrownbrickhouses英语修饰语顺序的掌握要点：限定词+形容词+分词或动名词+名词+中心名词+短语或从句限定+评价+描绘(新旧大小颜色)+性质+中心名词总体思想：依据关系的密切程度来确定其距离的远近。,Third,differentdeterminersareputincertainorder:,predeterminer+centraldeterminer+postdeterminerallthefourteachers(pre-+central+post-)allyourthreebooks(pre-+central+post-)alltheselastfewdays(pre-+central+post-+post-)bothhistwosisters(pre-+central+post-)我的三位朋友她的许多本书,Fourth,generalprincipalforplacingseveralattributivemodifiersbeforenouninChinese:,AnexcellentyoungmodernChinesewomanwriter,ScoresofexperiencedEnglishteachersinourschool,Theseseveralup-to-dateandpracticalspeechscriptsongrammarforcollegestudents,Manyofourimportantnewwaterconservancyprojectsinotherareas,5.Adverbialsofmanner,place,andtimeInChinesetheseadverbialsarearrangedjustinthereverseorderbeforetheverbsasinEnglish(verb+manner+place+time).Westudyhardintheclassroomeveryday.我们天天在教室里认真学习。Hisaddressis518WenhuaRoad,GuzanTown,PA626001,Kangding.他的地址是康定县姑咱镇文化路518号，邮编编码626001。TheywerebadlydefeatedatLudinginNovember,1945.他们于1945年11月在泸定附近大败。5).SheoftenteachesusEnglishsongsatschoolintheevening.她晚上经常在学校里教我们唱英语歌。,6.Logicalorder:First,bothlanguageshavesomesimilarordersbecauseofcommonenvironmentsandsituations,e.g:DayandnightTheskyandtheearthUpanddownHereandthereThisandthatBoysandgirlsMenandwomenFatherandmother,Second,therearealsosomedifferentsequencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,whichhavedifferentbackgrounds:我你他youheandI新郎新娘brideandbridegroom男女老少menandwomen,youngandold大中小学elementary,secondaryandtertiaryschool捉迷藏hide-and-seek又快又多thickandfast血肉相连ascloseasfleshandblood水火不容asincompatibleasfireandwater无论晴雨rainorshine手疾眼快quickofeyeanddeftofhand饥寒交迫sufferfromcoldandhunger救死扶伤healthewounded,rescuethedying,冷热hotandcold左右leftandright前后backandforth水陆landandwater强弱weakandstrong沉浮upsanddowns新旧oldandnew悲欢joyandsorrow贫富richandpoor好坏badorgood迟早soonerorlater田径trackandfield视听audio-visual图文textualandvisual,中英文EnglishandChinese工农业agricultureandindustry钢铁工业theironandsteelindustry文学艺术artandliterature团结统一unityandsolidarity中小企业smallandmedium-sizedenterprises衣食住行food,clothing,shelterandtransportation东南西北westandeast,northandsouth知识分子和青年学生studentsandintellectuals,II.翻译时对句子语序的几种处理方法：1顺序法:即按原文的句子顺序翻译。1)Itwasstrangethatadayofwarwasadaywestoodstill.Wecouldntmovethatmusthavebeenthewholeideasowehadnochoicebuttowatch.奇怪的是战争的那天我们却原地按兵不动。我们不能动弹这就是这次战争的整个含意除了监视敌人，我们别无他法。,2).Inordertosurvive,tofeed,clotheandshelterhimselfandhischildren,manisengagedinaconstantstrugglewithnature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。,2逆序法:即颠倒原文的顺序，将句首的内容放到句尾，句尾的内容放到句首。1).Hewasdumbfoundedatherinsistencethatheexplainwhereeverycentofhisallowancehadgone她非要他讲清楚他津贴中的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，这使他哑口无言。2).Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。,1).IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置）2).改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningpolicy.(全部倒置),部分倒置和全部倒置：,3.时序法:按事件发生时间的先后顺序翻译。1).WehadbeendismayedathomewhilereadingofthenaturalcalamitiesthatfollowedoneanotherforthreeyearsafterweleftChinain1959.我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为低沉。,4.拆分法:将句中的插入成分提取出来单独翻译，另起一句放在句末。1).They,notunexpectedly,didnotrespond.他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。2).Illogically,shehadexpectedsomekindofmiraclesolution.她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。,Hemingwayisanou