名词性从句之宾语从句与表语从句

ObjectClauses宾语从句,M3U3Grammar,什么是宾语？,Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydontyoupayattentiontome?,宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,一、宾语从句的概念,在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）语序时态,MrGreenteachesEnglish,iftheseanswerswereright,从属连词that,whether,if,连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,（一）引导词,1,2,3,连接副词where,how,why,when,e.g.Ihear(that)_.Hesaid(that)_.,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,that不能省略的3种情况,(1)that引导多个并列宾语从句，第二个及以后的that不可省。Hetoldmehewouldhaveapartyandthathewantedmetotakepartin.(2)当that作介词except,in,but的宾语时IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromBeijing.但：YoumaydependonitthatIllhelpyou.(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,1.Iwanttoknow_.2.Askhim_.,if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus,whether(if)hecancome,if/whether“是否”，常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idontknowwhetherhesfreeornot.2.在动词不定式前(whethertodosth.)：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.在介词后面：Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.4.宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrue,Icantsay.,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Iwonder_heiswell.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,1.Heasked_.2.Doyouknow_?3.Heasked_.4.Doyouknow_?5.Pleasetellme_.6.Canyoutellme_?7.Couldyoutellme_?,whocouldanswerthequestion,whomtheyarewaitingfor,whosebikewasthebestintheclass,whenwellhaveameeting,whereheis,howIcangettothestation,whythetrainislate,由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idontknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idontknowwhathewantedtobuy.,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?Whathappened?,注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：,eg:Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?,做主语,做表语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.,Idontbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.,Iknowhe_（live)here.Iknowhe_(live)heretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathe_(come)tomorrow.,三、时态,1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。,2.如果主句是过去的时态,从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态,Iknewwho_(live)here.Isawshe_(talk)withhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfather_(come)backtomorrow.Hesaidthathe_(see)it.,lives,lived,willcome,lived,wastalking,wouldcome,hadseen,Thebosstoldmehewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.,3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时,仍用一般现在时。,Dadtoldusthatit_bettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthree_six.Hetoldmetheearth_(move)aroundthesun.,4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。,is,is,moves,宾语从句三要素,时态,Summary(小结）,引导词（连接词）,语序,ThepredicativeClauses表语从句,M3U3Grammar,表语从句,在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be/系动词后面)叫做表语从句。,我们的目的是他能认识到错误。,Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.,1.注意：引导表语从句的连接词that一般不省略。,问题是它是否值得做。,Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.,2.注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”,他为什么迟到的原因是交通拥挤。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatthetrafficwasbusy.3.注意：有reason时表语从句不用because而用thatHewaslate,thatsbecausethetrafficwasbusy.Thetrafficwasbusy,thatswhyhewaslate.4.Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.作为常用结构记,试区分以下句子,Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?,Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?,Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?,注意：这种句子考试时一定要把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。,(表从),(定从),(定从),1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,Practice,5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,D,8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo,B,C,D,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise),willbe,goes,havereturned,hadbeen,rises,Howwegetonwithourparents,Telluswhatyourwishistoyourmother-,Thereasonisthat_Thatiswhythereisagenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren.Mywishisthat_,我泪已干,心已死,可一个孩子一个家啊!家里每天都死气沉沉,因为孩子整天上网,不肯上学,没有了人生目标。一位母亲致陶教授的信陶教授:,Howmychildspendshistimeoncomputer_WhatIwanttosay_WhatIwanttodoformychild_WhethertheactionItakewillbeeffective_Whomakesmychildbecomeacomputeraddict_Whysomanychildrenbecomecomputeraddicts_Thereasonisthat_Thetroubleis_Mywishis_.,Telluswhatyourwishistoyourmother-,Mywishisthat_Thereasonisthat_ourparentsaretoobusytotalkwithus.theycantunderstandus.ourparentsdontliketoacceptnewthings.wecantunderstandourparentseither.Mywishisthat_shecanspendmoretimewithme.shecantakemoreexerciseandtakecareofherself.shewontonlyconcernmyst