过去分词短语(past participial phrases) 作状语

Grammar,Grammar(1),Readthesentencesandunderlinethev-edforms.,1.Encouragedgreatly,theyworkedevenharder.2.Givenbetterattention,theseflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.,3.Consideredmorecarefully,itwouldhavehadagoodresult.4.Borninapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.,Rewritethesentences,beginningwiththewordsgiveninbrackets.,1)Spokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappearinthefuture.(because)Becauseitisspokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappear.,2)Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.(when)Whenitisseenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.,3)Passedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.(because)Becauseitispassedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.,4)Lookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.(when)Whentheyarelookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.,5)Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.(if)Ifitwerecompletelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.,Summary:thefunctionsofv-edformasadverbials.,过去分词(pastparticiples)或过去分词短语(pastparticipialphrases)作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,(1)作时间状语。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbeautiful.从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。Heated,liquidscanbechangedintogases.液体被加热会变成气体。注意:作时间状语时,过去分词如果同时表被动和动作完成,常可换用现在分词的被动完成式;过去分词如果只表被动,不表完成,则不可与现在分词的被动完成式换用。,如:Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.在讨论了多次之后,问题终于解决了。(过去分词既表被动又表完成)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。(过去分词只表被动)相当于when引导的状语从句.如果两个动作同时发生,可在分词前用when,while等使其时间意义更明确,(2)作原因状语。如:Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。,(3)作条件状语。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。相当于if,unless引导的从句。,相当于as,since,because引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。,(4)作让步状语。如：Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。Exhaustedbytheclimbing,theoldmanwasdeterminedtogettothetopofthehill.尽管已经爬得筋疲力尽，那位老人决定爬到山顶。相当于though,although引导的从句。,(5)表方式或伴随情况。如：Followedbysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.被一些官员跟随着,拿破仑视察了他的军队。Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。作状语表示方式或伴随情况时,过去分词可用并列句代替，如:Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.(=Hewasfollowedbythedog.),注意,(1)过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致，它们之间存在着被动关系。如：Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。,(2)有时,为了明确时间、条件、让步或原因等,分词前面可加连词when,if,unless,once,although或副词如deeply,completely,greatly等。如：Sugar,whenmixedwithwater,dissolvesquickly.糖与水混合很快就溶解。Althoughtired,Imustgoonworking.我虽然累了，但必须继续干。,(3)过去分词短语还可以和介词“with”或“without”连用。如：Youshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.你应该把灯熄了再睡。Withoutanythingleftinthekitchen,wedecidedtoeatout.厨房里没有剩下任何东西，我们决定出去吃。,(4)如果分词的逻辑主语与所修饰的句子的主语不一致，就要有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构(theabsoluteconstruction)。如：Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。,Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinthebox.,1)When_inspring,thehillsarecoveredwithflowers.2)_asoneoftheloveliestplacesinChina,Yunnanisnowvisitedbymanytourists.,visited,Known,Practice,3)_inthestreets,wedecidedtoaskforhelp.4)_intoaNaxihome,youshouldacceptwithpleasure.5)If_somethingyoudontwanttoeat,justrefusepolitely.,given,Invited,Lost,Completethefollowingsentences,usingthegivenwords.,1)_(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.2)_(put)intouseinApril2004,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.,Faced,Put,3)When_(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”4)“Youcantcatchme!”Janetshouted,_(run)away.,offered,running,Writecompletesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.,1.discover/onlyrecently/oldtown/be/stillveryquietDiscoveredonlyrecently,theoldtownisstillveryquiet.,2.visit/largenumbers/tourists/oldtown/cangetverycrowded(When)visitedbylargenumbersoftourists,theoldtowncangetverycrowded.3.build/side/mountain/village/be/veryattractiveAsitisbuiltonthesideofamountain,thevillageisveryattractive.,4.cook/traditionalway/food/be/delicious(When)cookedinatraditionalway,thefoodisdelicious.,TranslatethesentencesusingV-edform.,(1)因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(2)工作提前完成了，他非常满意。,Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!,Hewassatisfied,withtheworkfinishedaheadoftime.,(3)教授走进了教室，学生跟在身后。(4)这样的机会一旦失去了，恐怕不会再来了。(5)他静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。,Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.,Oncelost,suchachancemightnevercomeagain.,Hesattheresilently,(with)hiseyesfixedonthelake.,Grammar(2)Phrasalverbs,Matchthephrasalverbswiththeirmeanings.,comeacrossmakeuphearofgoonputsb.upfallforthinkover,fallinlovewithrunintocontinueletsb.stayinyourhomeconsiderbeacertainpartofsth.knowabout,Completethesentenceswiththephrasalverbsabove.,1.Ifyou_agoodbookonYunnan,canyoubuyitforme?2.Ill_yoursuggestionsbutImnotsureIagreewiththem.,comeacross,thinkover,3.AfriendofminewenttoYunnanand_aDaiwoman.Theyremarriednow.4.IknowalotabouttheDaipeoplebutIvenever_thecustom.,fellfor,heardof,5.Anoldmanofferedto_us_inhishouse.6.Non-Hanpeople_nearly30%ofYunnanspopulation.7.Imsointerestedinwhatyouresaying.Please_.,puts,up,makeup,goon,Choosethebestanswers.,1.Itseemsdifficultto_“hurt”from“injure”inmeaning.A.judgeB.tellC.divideD.separate,B,Practice,2.Whatapity!Imissedtomeetmybossattheairportbecausemycarwas_inthetrafficjam.A.brokenupB.keptbackC.heldupD.keptup,C,3.Th