过去分词作状语 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿

2.作定语,1.作表语,3.作补语,4.作状语,过去分词,Review,1.Ilikereadingthenovels_(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl_(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_(repair).4.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself_(hear).5.Ifoundthelittlegirl_(cry)atthecorner.,written,writing,repaired,heard,crying,6.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_(paint)white.7.Therewasa_(surprise)lookonhisface.8.Hewas_(excite)atthegoodnews.9.Thestorywasso_(move)thathewas_(move)totears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,分词作状语,1.基本形式:doing,done,havingdone,havingbeendone,being+形容词，not+分词各种形式2.句型结构:Doing/Havingdone-,主语+谓语-Done/Havingbeendone-,主语+谓语-Being+形容词/Not+分词形式-,主语+谓语-主语+谓语-,doing/done(伴随）主语+谓语-,doing(结果）3.功能解析：a.分词作状语用于表示动作发生的时间，原因，条件，让步（多位于句首）结果，伴随方式（多位于句末）b.分词状语大多可变为状语从句,并列句或with的复合结构c.谓语为主要动作,分词为次要动作,结果状语只用现在分词。,4.各种形式的判断选择：1.Doing-,主语+谓语+其他a.与主语呈逻辑主谓关系,和谓语同时或紧接发生b.与主语呈逻辑主谓关系,且分词动作处于进行之中c.与主语呈逻辑主谓关系,分词动作无明确时间意义A.Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavehimanote.B.Walkinginthestreet,hemetanhisoldfriend.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.Hesatinachair,readingabook.C.Workinghard,youllsucceed.NotknowingherTel.No,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Turningtotheright,youllfindthepostoffice.,2.Done-,主语+谓语+其他A.及物动词:与句子主语呈逻辑动宾关系,强调动作被动或被动完成B.不及物动词:与句子主语呈逻辑主谓关系,强调动作主动完成或状态A.被动或被动完成:Encouragedbyhisteacher,heworkedevenharder.Disturbedbythenoise,Icouldntfallasleep.Whenaskedtosingasongattheparty,sherefused.B.主动完成或状态:Dressedinwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.Tiredout,theystoppedtohavearest.,Lostindeepthought,heforgottohavedinner.,3.A:Havingdone-,主语+谓语+其他与主语呈逻辑主谓关系,强调分词动作主动且先于谓语动作发生,且有明显时间间隔。B:Havingbeendone-,主语+谓语+其他与主语呈逻辑动宾关系,强调分词动作被动且先于谓语动作发生，且有明显时间间隔。A.Havingfinishedthework,hewenttobed.Havingwateredthetrees,theydecidedtohavearest.B.Havingbeengivenawrongtelephonenumber,Icouldntgethimthrough.Havingbeenshotbyabullet,thebirdfelloffthetree.,4.Being+形容词-,主语+谓语+其他Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.Beingpoor,hecouldntaffordapen.5.Not+各种分词形式-，主语+谓语+其他Notknowingheraddress,Icouldntwritetoher.Nothavingreceivedhisreply,Iwrotetohimagain.Notinvitedtotheparty,shefeltdown.6.主语+谓语-,doing/done(伴随）Heranuptome,breathingheavily.Anoldmanwascrossingthestreet,supportedbyagirl.7.主语+谓语-,doing(结果）Hedroppedtheglassontheground,breakingitintopieces.,5.具体功能：,1.分词表示时间状语，a.相当于一个时间状语从句。b.常位于句首，前可保留when,while,untilA.现在分词的各种形式作时间状语：Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.)Hearingthebadnews,hecouldnthelpcrying.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.Havingfinishedmyhomework,IwenttowatchTV.,1.Seenfromthetower,thecitylooksbeautiful.从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。(=Whenthecityisseenfromthetower.)2.Shownaroundthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。(=Afterwehadbeenshownthelab.)3.Completelyexaminedbythedoctors,hewentbacktoschoolrightaway.经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(=Afterhewascompletelyexamined.)4.WhenAskedtosingasong,sherefused.当有人要求她唱首歌时，她拒绝了。5.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.当从山顶往下看，公园看起来更加漂亮。,C.有时分词形式前可加连词when,while,until等来强调时间概念.Whilewalkinginthestreet,hesawanoldfriend.Whenlookingoutofthewindow,Isawabird.Whileplayingthepiano,shegotexcited.Whenaskedwhyshewaslateforclassagain,shehungherheadinshame.当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。Oncestarted,theclockwillgohalfamonthandkeepgoodtime.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。Dontspeakuntilaskedto.Whenaskedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.,D.时间状语的几种特殊形式：1.on+doing=assoonasOnarrivinginBeijing,youcancallme.=assoonasyouarriveinBeijing,youcancallme.2.after+doing=havingdone-,Afterturningofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.=Havingturnedofftheradio,-=Afterhehadturnedofftheradio,-,2表示原因，a.相当于一个原因状语从句。b.常位于句首，之前一般不加because,since等A.现在分词的各形式的原因状语：Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill.)Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavehimanote.Notknowinghisaddress,Icantwritetohim.Nothavingreceivedhisreply,Idecidedtowritehimagain.Havingbeenusedforyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.Havingbeenpraisedtoomuch,hebecameproud.Being+形容词，此结构常表原因状语：Beingpoor,hecouldntaffordthebike.Beingill,IdidntgotoschoolBeingsoangry,hecouldntsayaword.Beingusedbyhimnow,thebikecantbelenttoyou.,B:动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Movedbyhisdeeds,thechildrencouldnthelpcrying.孩子们被他的事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。(=Sincetheyweremovedbytheheroicdeeds.)Writteninhurry,herletterisveryhardtoread.因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。(=Asitwaswritteninhurry.)Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtocelebrate.我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定庆祝一下。(=Becausewewereexcitedby.Senttohospitalwithoutdelay,theboywassavedatlast.Greatlyinspiredbyhisteacherswords,Hedecidedtoworkhard.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytounderstand.,3.分词作条件状语a.相当于一个条件状语从句。b.常位于句首，之前可加if,unless,once等A：现在分词作条件状语：Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.=workhardatyourlessonsand-如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Stayinghereforsometime,youlllikethecity.如果你在这儿呆上一段时间，你会爱上这座城市。Turningtotheright,youllseethepostoffice.如果你向右转，你就会看见这家邮局。,B.动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.加热，水就能变成蒸汽。(=Ifwaterisheated.)Givenmoretime,hewouldhavedoneitbetter.假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。(=Ifhewasgivenmoretime.)Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。(=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprofessors.)Waterednowandthen,treeswillgrowmuchtaller.United,westand;divided,wefall,点津坊为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。Unlessinvited,hewillnotcomebacktothecompany.除非被邀请，不然他不会回到公司来的。Onceseen,itwillneverbeforgotten.Ifgivenantherchance,hellsucceed.Ifgivenmoreattention,treescouldhavegrowntaller.Evenifinvited,Iwontgo.即使受到邀请，我也不去。Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theydidnotloseheart.虽然被对手打败，但他们并没有丧失信心,4.分词表示让步状语a.相当于一个让步状语从句。b.常位于句首,之前可加though,evenif,whetherA.现在分词各形式的让步状语：Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失Thoughbeingbusy,hestillsparestimetohelpothersAlthoughworkinghard,hefailedintheexam.Workingfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.Thoughhavingmadegreatprogress,hedidntpride.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hecouldntunderstandwhatImeant.,B.动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(=Althoughtheywereexhaustedbytherunning.)Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。(=Evenifhewaslaughedbymanypeople.)Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.Thematerialdoesntexpandwhetherheatedornot.Beatenbythevisitingteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouraged.,点津坊有时动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。Suddenlyseizedwithahighfever,hewasunabletoattendschool.=Beingsuddenlyseizedwithahighfever,hewasunabletoattendschool.他因突然发热不能来上学。Broughtupinthecountryside,hefoundithardtogetusedtotownlife.=Havingbeenbroughtupinthecountryside,hefoundithardtogetusedtotownlife.因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城镇生活。,5.现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语，表示一个因为某原因而造成的自然而然的结果。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.Hisparentsbothdied,leavinghimalone.MoreandmorepeoplecametoNewYork,makingitthelargestcityintheworld.Hedroppedtheglassontheground,breakingitintopieces注意：不定式作结果状语表示一个未能料到的结果Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.WhatdidIsaytomakeyousoangry?,6分词状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，A.相当于一个并列结构或with的复合结构。B.常位于句末，表示在谓语动作发生的同时，另一动作或状态同时发生或存在。A.现在分词作伴随状语。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Shesatonthebeach,facingthesea.=andfacedthesea.Theycameintotheroom,laughingandtalking.Hesatinthechair,readingnewspapers.Heranuptome,breathingheavily.Shestoodunderthetree,feedingthechicken.Hestoodthere,leaningagainstthewall.,B动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。(=andhewassurroundedbythestudents)Hewentintotheoffice,followedbysomechildren.他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(=andhewasfollowedbysomechildren)Anoldmanenteredtheroom,supportedbyagirl.注意：形容词化的过去分词仅表状态Hecamehome,greatlytired.Heleftthere,disappointed.Thedoglayontheground,dead.,Considering（that）conj.就而论，就来看,supposing（that）conj.假如(if)(主句多为特殊疑问句),providing（that）conj.倘若,provided（that）conj.倘若，在条件下,speakingofprep.说起，谈到,talkingofprep.说起，谈到（常放在句首）,7.作独立成分的分词状语：,accordingto.按照，根据，根据所说，,includingprep.包含，包括,given（that）conj.假定是,考虑到,generally/strictlyspeaking一般来严格地说,judgingfrom/by根据由判断,allowingfor考虑到，体谅，允许有,Consideringhisoldage,heisnotfitforthework.（连词）,Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatthen?（连词）,Ishallgoproviding(that)itdoesntrain.(连词),Speakingofbooks,haveyoureadGonewiththeWind?（介词）,分词的独立主格结构：,1.形式：名词/代词主格分词2.功能：当句子主语与分词逻辑主语不一致时，可给分词加上自己的逻辑主语3成分：可表时间，原因，条件，让步，伴随方式独立主格结构在句中作状语，相当于状语从句。4考点：注意与动名词复合结构区别,1.表时间：-whenspringcomes,thefieldsarefulloflife.-springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife-assoonasthemeetingwasover,theywenthome.-whenthenightcameon,westartedtogohome.-wheneverythingwasprepared,webegantocarryouttheplan.-afterherteawasfinished,shewentonwithherwork.-good-byesaid,heleftthere.-aftertheworkhadbeenfinished,Idecidedtohavearest.-theworkfinished,-havingfinishedthework,-,2.表条件：-iftimepermits,wellgotovisittheGreatWall.-ifmoretimeisgiven,Icandoitmuchbetter.-unlesseverythingisprepared,wewontcarryouttheproject.-ifyourhomeworkisfinished,youcanwatchTV.-Weatherpermitting,wellgooutingtomorrow,3.表原因：-becausehismotherwasill,hehadtolookafterherathome.-asmanypeoplewasabsent,theydecidedtoputoffthemeeting-becauseitrainedheavily,Ihadtostayathome.-becausehislegwasbroken,hehadtostayinbed.-ashissonwaskilledinthewar,shewasquitesad.-asitisSundaytoday,youneedntgotosc