毕业设计外文文献翻译

毕业设计(论文)外语文学翻译职业计算机科学和技术学生姓名上课学号指导教师信息工程学院1、外语文学The History of the InternetThe Beginning-ARPAnetthe internet started as a project by the us government。the object of the project was to create a means of communication s between long distance points，In the event of a nation wide emergency or，morethe project was called arapanet，And it is what the internet started as。funded specifically for military communication，the engineers responsible for arapanet had no idea of the possibilities of an internetBy definition，an internet is four or more computers connected by a network。ARPANET achived its network by using a protocol called TCP/IP . the basics around this protocol was that if information sent over a network failedBy the 80s ARPANET，just years away from beoming the more well known internet，had 200 computers。the defense department，Satisfied with arpanets results，decided to fully adopt it into service，And connected many military computersARPANET then had 562 computers on its network。by the year 1984，it had over 1000 computers on its network。in 1986 ARPANET(supposedly)shut down，but only the organization shutDown，and the existing networks still existed between the more than 1000电脑。it shut down due to a fail IED link up with NSF，who wanted toconnect its 5 countywide super computers into ARPANET。With the funding of NSF，new high speed lines were successfully installedat line speeds of 56k(a normal modem noadaays)through telephone linesIn 1988。按that time，there were 28，174 computers on the(by then decided)互联网。in 1989 there were 80，000 computers on it。by 1989，there were 290，000。another network was built to support the incredible number of people乔斯。it was construted in 1992。Today-The InternetThe internet has become one of The most important technological advancements in The history of humanity。every one wants to get on line to experience t He wealth of information of the internet .millions of people now use the internet，And its predicted that by the year 2003 every single person on the planet will have internet access。the internet has truly become a way of life in ou R time and era，and is evolving so quickly its hard to determine where it will go next，as computerHOW IT WORKS:its a standard thing . people using the internet . shopping、playing games和convesing in virtual internet environments。The internet is not a thing itself .the internet cannot just crash . it functions the same way as the telephone system，only there is no internet company that runs the internet。the internet is a collection of Millo ins of computers that are all connected to each other，Or have the means to connect to each other。the internet is just like an office network，only it has millions of computers connected to it .the main thing about how the internet works is communication。how does a computer in Houston know how to access data on a computer in Toyo to view a web page？internet通信，communication among computers connected to the internet，Is based on a language . this language Is called TCP/IP . TCP/IP estabasebut TCP/Ip assumes that there is a physical connecetion between one computer and another。this is not usually the case .there would have to be a network wiret Hat went to every computer connected to the internet，but that would make the internet impossible to accessthe physical connection that is required is establish by way of modem，phone lines，And other modem cable connections(like cable modemmodem on computers read and transmit data over establish lines，Which could be phone lines or data lines . the actual hard core connections are estentsa router is a computer that serves as a traffic controller for information。To explain this better，lets look at how a standard computer might view a网页。1.the users computer dials into an internet service provider(ISP)。the ISP might in turn be connected to another ISP，or a straight connection into the internet backbone。2.the user launches a web browser like Netscape or internet explorer and types in an internet location to go。3.heres where The tricky part comes in . first，The computer sends data about its data request to a router。a router is a very high speed powerful computer running special software。the collection o F routers in the world make what is called a backbone，On which all the data On the internet is transferred .the backbone presently operates at a speed of several gigabytes per-second . such a speed compare Ed to a normal modem is like comparing the heat oorouteers handle data that is going back and forth。a router puts small chunks of data into packages called packets，Which function similari to envelopes . so，when the request for the web page goes4.the router sends these packets to other routers，eventually leading to the target computer。its like whisper down the lane(only the information remains intact)。5.when The information reaches The target web server，The web server the