动名词和动词不定式

Module3Ontheradio,Unit3Languageinuse,动名词和动词不定式,Grammar,动名词和动词不定时的句法功能（句子成分）,动词不定式和动名词作主语时的用法比较,1.表一般抽象概念时可互换。Readinggoodbooksenrichesourmind.Toreadgoodbooksenrichesourmind.注：动词不定式和动名词作主语时位于动词一定是单数的。,2.表具体的、特定情形下的或有待完成的动作，通常用动词不定式。Tofinishreadingsuchalongnovelwilltakesmeseveraldays.读完这么长的小说要花费我好几天的时间。Tofinishreadingsuchalongnovel表具体的待完成的动作。,Swimmingisgoodforhealth,buttoswiminsuchapollutedriverisharmfultohealth.游泳有益健康，但在这条污染如此严重的河里游泳是有害的。Toswiminsuchapollutedriver指特定情况下的动作。,3.当it作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是doingortodo.Itisdifficulttomaketheairclean.makingtheairclean.Itisnicetomeetyou.meetingyouhere.,注：当表语是important,necessary,easy时后面只能用不定式。且在itis+adj/n.+for/ofsbtodosth句型只能用不定式作真正的主语；而表语nouse,nogood,awasteoftime,worth时，常用动名词。Itisimportanttoprotectourenvironment.Itisnouseatallarguingwithhim.,4.在thereisno后面只用动名词。Thereisnoknowingwhetherhewillcome.Thereisnotellingwherehehasgone.,动名词和动词不定式作表语的用法比较,1.通常可以互换Hishabitistakingawalkaftersupper.totakeawalkaftersupper.,2.动词若指具体的、特定情况下或未来的动作，通常动词不定式。Yourworktodayistofinishthisarticle.3.主语的形式与表语的形式通常应一致。Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.,动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的用法比较,1.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语affordofferagreeaskdecideexpecthopewishrefusepretendmanage,2.有些动词只能用动名词作宾语avoidadviseappreciatesuggestadmitpermitkeepconsiderdelayenjoycompletefinishdelaypractisemindexcuseescaperiskmisscantstand/bearbeusedtolookforwardtoputoffgiveupputupwithkeepongetdownto(prep)devoteto(prep)havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing,3.在某些动词后learn,continue既可以跟动名词也可以跟动词不定式，意义上基本无差别。,4.begin,start后面跟动词不定式和动名词都可以，通常可以互换，但在以下三种情况下只能用不定式形式。A.begin,start本身为进行时态B.注意为非生物的名词或it时C.后接表示心理状态的动词不定式，如knownseeunderstandfeelrealize,在like,dislike,love,hate,prefer后，若表示习惯性行为、通常的动作多用动名词；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的动作时，多用不定式。,有些动词后既可用动名词又可用不定式作宾语，但含义有所不同,如：forgetrememberstoptrymeangoonregretbeafraid,Part1Putthewordsinthecorrectcolumn.,agreecontinuedecideenjoyhatelearnkeeplikeloveneedrememberstartstoptrywant,agreedecidelearnneedwant,enjoykeep,continuehatelikeloverememberstartstoptry,Part2Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.,Tonyhates_(see)histeamlose.Damingenjoys_(listen)tomusic.Theydecided_(visit)RadioBeijingwithSally.,seeing/tosee,listening,tovisit,4.Theyhavetostop_(talk)whentheredlightison.5.Keep_(study)EnglishifyouwanttoworkonRadioBeijing.6.Youneed_(speak)Englishtoworkinradio.,talking,studying,tospeak,7.Hestarted_(make)hisownradioprogramme.8.Heremembers_(get)hisfirstjobinradio.9.Helearnt_(speak)ontheradio.,making/tomake,getting,tospeak,Part4.Choosethewordwhichdoesnotbelongineachgroup.,1.articlereportnewspaperreporter2.sunnyrainglassweather3.scoreresultmatchstudio4.presentermanagernewsreaderreporter5.sportnewsjokesunny,Part5.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.,latestpreparerainresultscoresportssunnyweatherweatherreportwin,Didyoulistentothe_?Whatwillthe_beliketomorrow?2.Itsgoingtobe_.Itisntgoingto_.3.Wecanhaveapicnic!Ill_thefoodtoday.,weatherreport,weather,sunny,rain,prepare,4.Itssixoclock.Letslistentothe_newstofindouttheofthe_footballmatch.5.Hey,ourteam_threegoals.They_thematch.Thatsfantastic!6.Doyoulikeother_aswellasfootball?,latest,result,scored,won,sports,Part6.Askandanswerthequestions.,1.Howdoyouprepareforatest?2.Whatdoyoulikedoinginsunnyweather?3.Howdoyoufeelwhenyouarewaitingforyourtestresults?4.Howmanydifferentwaysarethereoffindingoutthelatestnews?,7ListenandsaywhatKatesjobis.a)Anewspaperreporter.b)Aradiopresenter.c)Anewsreader.,8.Listenagainandchoosethebestanswer.,1HowdoesKatefindoutaboutthenews?a)Whileshesatthepark.b)Whileshesrunningtothepark.c)Whileshesontherunningmachineatthegym.,2WhodecideswhatwillbeonKatesshow?a)Kate.b)Katesteam.c)Kateandherteam.,3HowlongisKatesprogramme?a)Twoandahalfhours.b)Fourandahalfhours.c)Threeandahalfhours.,4HowdoesKatetrytogivetheshowapersonalfeeling?a)Shetalkstothelistenersinperson.b)Sheimaginesthatsheistalkingtothelistenersinperson.c)Sheinterviewsthelisteners.,5WhichofthefollowingareinKatesprogramme?a)phone-insb)weatherreportsc)interviewsd)sporte)news,Part9.Completethepassagewiththephrasesinthebox.,closesdownlookoutforlookoutoftakeyouaroundtheendofwouldliketo,Imgoingto_theradiostation.Youmust_theredlight.Whenitson,youhavetobequiet.Iknowsomeofyou_workinradio.Illintroduceyoutothepresentersandyoucantalktothem.Thisscreenshowsuswhatshappeningoutside.Wecant_thewindow,becausetherearentanywindows.Thefirstprogrammeofthedaystartsat5am,andthestation_at12pm.OK,thats_thetour.Hasanyonegotaquestion?,takeyouaround,lookout