定语从句高考考点例析

2020/6/12,定语从句高考考点例析,TheAttributiveClause,2020/6/12,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句也叫形容词性从句。,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词/所修饰名词或代词的后边。,定语从句的引导词,2020/6/12,关系代词,指人,指物,that(主语、宾语、表语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语),who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语表语),whose(定语),关系副词,where(地点状语),2020/6/12,why(原因状语),when(时间状语),关系词通常有三个作用：,(1)连接主从句；,(2)指代先行词；,()作成份。,2020/6/12,Attributiveclause:,限制性定语从句restrictive,非限制性定语从句non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,2020/6/12,Themanwhocamehereyesterdaycameagain.,Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedinmyoffice,Jenny,withwhomIplayedtableTennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.,2020/6/12,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which,注意：,2020/6/12,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。具体用什么关系副词要看先行词。如不齐全,用关系代词.,2020/6/12,Wewillgotothemountain_(wegrewtreeslastyear).,where,1982wastheyear_(hewasborn).,Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).,when,why,2020/6/12,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,Thehouse_(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.,whichthat,_,_,2020/6/12,Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive).,where,_,2020/6/12,Hewasbornintheyear_(theSecondWorldwarbrokeout).,when,inwhich,_,whowhomthat/,2020/6/12,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。无主语，用关系代词,Themeeting(_willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.,whichthat,2020/6/12,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where,October1stistheday_(newChinawasfounded).,when,2020/6/12,考点二：that和which的选择,b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.,that指物时一般可以与which互换，在下列情况引导词只用that不用which。,当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：,2020/6/12,Ivereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.,先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：,llthatwecandohasbeendone.,2020/6/12,考点二：that和which的选择,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.,Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.,2020/6/12,先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。,Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.,2020/6/12,当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：,Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.,2020/6/12,先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导,避免重复。,考点二：that和which的选择,Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichthatisonthetabledoyoulikebest?,2020/6/12,当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Maryisnolongerthelovelygirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthepoorcountrythatitusedtobe.,2020/6/12,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。,考点二：that和which的选择,（2）只用which的情况,B,B,2020/6/12,1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_madeherveryfrighted.2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.,2020/6/12,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Grammarisnotdead,as(=which)theteacheroncesaid.,.,2020/6/12,2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,theearthisround.,2020/6/12,3.用于thesameas,suchas，asas,soas中，e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.,Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.,2020/6/12,4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。,Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.,2020/6/12,Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected,Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.,2020/6/12,.,5.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.,a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.,2020/6/12,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?,2020/6/12,2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：CanyouexplaintomehowtousethesewordsaboutwhichImsure.,2020/6/12,3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,2020/6/12,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,2020/6/12,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,2020/6/12,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,2020/6/12,.,2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin,2020/6/12,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?,(去掉),theone,_,to,_,which,5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,_,that,2020/6/12,3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,2020/6/12,5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.,_,as,_,Whose,that,_,that,_,_,that,_,As,2020/6/12,7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently,2020/6/12,9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.,2020/6/12,练习题,1、All_isusefultousisgood.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,2020/6/12,2、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theone,D,2020/6/12,3、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,2020/6/12,4、Thisistheschool_heworked20yearsago.,A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where,D,2020/6/12,5、Thisistheveryfactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theone,A,2020/6/12,6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeen,B,2020/6/12,7、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,2020/6/12,8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,2020/6/12,9、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、wha