土壤学专业词汇

土壤学专业术语(1)土壤矿物质固氮菌diazotroph矿物mineral (四)土壤理化性质石英quartz土壤物理性质soil physical properties长石feldspar布料texture岩石rock粒子群soil separate花岗岩granite砂质sandy风化(作用) weather土壤质量loam粘土clay(minerals )粘质clay母质parent material /subsoil粘度heavy苏达soda砂砾gravel石灰lime土壤结构soil structure土壤soil团粒granular土体solum土壤微孔系统soil pore system云母mica孔隙率porosity(二)土壤有机质土壤容积重体积密度/apprantdensity有机质有机质土壤比重particle density泥炭peat土壤湿度状况soil temperature regime腐植质humus土壤透气性soil aeration附着物litter土壤水soil water林褥forest floor土壤湿度soil moisture积累累积/沉积含水量soil moisture content分解合成/合成水势water potential矿化mineralization毛细管作用capillary(3)土壤生物土壤颜色soil color土壤生物soil organism蒙泽尔土壤颜色卡土壤动物(区系) soilfaultnamunsellsoilcolorchart细菌bacteria土壤化学性质真菌fungi (ploffungus ) soilchemistryproperties藻类algae氧化还原(作用) oxidation-reduction土壤植物(区系) soil microflora胶体colloid蚯蚓earthworm吸附adsorption蚂蚁ant阳离子交换量螨虫mite cation exchange capacity根圈the rhizosphere阴离子交换anion exchange根瘤root nodule/root tubercle碱饱和度salt base percentage/菌根mycorhizabase-saturation percentage土壤酶soil enzyme土壤反应(pH) soil reaction(pH )酸性acid不完全肥料incomplete fertilizer酸度acidity厩肥stable manure (长期肥料)碱化alkalinization粪便excrement碱性的alkaline (碱土类)鸟粪guano /gwa:neu/碱度alkalinity骨粉bone meal(6)养分、肥料及肥力炉(沵)制(堆肥化) compost土壤养分soil nutrient essential (要素)草皮turf必需营养素nutrient element草炭peat大量元素macro-element草木灰ash微量元素micro-/trace element石灰lime氮氮石膏gypsum水解氮hydrolysable nitrogen硝酸盐肥料nitrate硝酸态氮nitratatenitridogen过磷酸肥料superphosphate氨态氮ammonium nitrogen钾盐肥料kainite磷phosphorus )土壤的发生和分布分类有效磷available phosphorus风化作用weathering钾potassium土壤发育(发生)钙calciumpedogenesis/soil development/genesis/formation镁magnesium土壤产生因素factor of soil development硫磺sulphur土壤发育过程processes of铁iron淋溶(作用) leaching/eluviation铝铝淀积沉积沉积锰manganese沉积illuviate(soil专用)土壤养分供给soil nutrient supply沉淀(沉降) precipitation土壤肥力soil fertility (水)饱和saturate肥料fertilizer or manure还原(条件) reduction or reducing condition施肥fertilization or manure潜在培育gleys吸收absorption or uptake好氧条件aerobics(pl) (condition )空中施肥(飞机) aerial fertilization累积accumulation叶面施肥foliar fertilization富集(积) enrichment/concentrationdeficiency没有生锈的mottling缺乏氮的nitogendeficicy噪声，均匀的mottled钾不足potassumdeficicy过滤器percolate肥料(施肥)效果response to /effect of fertilizer土壤截面soil profile土壤植物诊断soil and plant diagnosis断面发育轮廓开发视觉症状visual symptom发生层horizon (层)化肥fertilizer有机质层organic layer完全性肥料complete fertilizer腐殖质层humus layer绿肥(作物)绿色石斛矿床mineral horizona、b、c层a、b、C horizon土地经营land管理湿层eluvial horizon地力等级land classification淀层叠illuvial horizon立地site潜在培育层gleying horizon布局指数site index土壤分布soil distribution深ripping地带性土壤zonal soils松土 scarifying /ai/非地带性土壤(包括)内部soil土壤改良soil reclamation/improvement土壤带soil stripes /ai/水土保持soil conservation土壤复盖区域soil complex荒地virgin land土壤分类soilclassclassification垦荒reclamation土壤分类系统soil taxonomy/k sc/or系统工程防治(水保) mechanical control诊断层诊断horizon生物防治(水保) biological control分类单元categories排水沟clinch土纲soil order )地质地形土类great group风化残渣residue n亚类组(subgroup )残土residual soil湿土Alfisols底土subsoil干燥的土Aridisols堆积物deposit sediment新成土Entisols冲积物alluvial material有机土Histosols冲积砂fluvial sand起始土Inceptisols冲积土alluvial soil软土莫里斯ols冰川glacier氧化土Oxisols冻土glacial soil灰土(灰土) Spodosols松散的岩石(母质) unconsolidated rocks老成土Ultsols非破碎岩石uncrambled rocks变性土Vertisols山脉mountain range黑暗的蟾蜍Dark Brown Forest Soil山脊mountain ridge草缅甸土Meadow s