初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题

中学英语动词不定式的使用动词不定式是由“不定式符号to动词原型”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词没有To，动词不定式可以作为句子的主题、表语、宾语、定语、补语、副词或单独使用。不定式保留动词的特定特征，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式与其后的宾语、副词等一起构成词组，称为不定式。一、用作主题动词不定式很少直接放在句子的开头。大部分情况下，将it用作形式主语，将实际主题动词不定式放在句子末尾。尤其是在否定句较长的情况下。动词不定式是主语，谓语动词是第三人称单数形式。有疑问词的否定词作为主语经常放在句子的开头，复合否定句作为主语经常放在句子的末尾。例如：1.I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems。2.the head teacher said it was nec essary to talk with his mother。3.how to learn English well is important。4.To see is to believe。(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)二、用作表语动词的不定式用表语说明经常主语的内容、性格和特点。例如：1.the best way is to join an English club。2.the first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully。三、用作目标1.能带来to的动词不定式主要是：要求选择同意(ask，choose，agree)，期待决定学习(expect，hope，decide，learn)，宁愿假装知道(prefer，pretend，)例如：1)we decided to talk to some students about why they go there。2)he prefers to eat white breakd and rice。3)Id love to visit Mexico。2.动词decide，know，learn，show，teach，tell.介词结构论.可以用疑问词作为to的不定式短语为对象，但why后面的不定式没有to。例如：1)could you please tell me where to park my car？2)it gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations。3.动词feel、find、make、think等可以用it代替实际宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel/find/make/.it adj./n. to do。例如：I find it difficult to remember everyhing。4.动词不定式和结冰形式都是以对象为对象。差异不大的动词是begin、start、ving、love等。一般来说，动词不定式表一次，多次特定动作，以后动作或动作的全过程，ving形式习惯性的连续动作。但是这种差异不是很严格。特别是美国英语，即使是惯常的行为，也可以使用动词不定式。例如：1) Then I started to watch Tv。2)I am beginning to understand my parents。Begin使用时态，其后以不定式为对象，表示工作刚开始，必须继续。3) I like to eat vegetables。知觉动词like，love，know等通常不使用时态。5.把动词不定式或宾的形式嫁接到宾语上。意义大的动词有forget、remember等。以不定式为对象后，表动作还没有发生；宾语发生了后续的ving表单，表动作。Stop to do停下来做其他事情，to do是目的副词；Stop doing停止做，不做现在的事，doing是宾语。Try to do尽最大努力，try doing尝试；Go on to do做了别的事情，go on doing继续原来的工作。例如：(1) when I left home，I forgot to bring it with me . 2)I stopped using them last year。四、用作属性1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与那个修饰名词代词等有逻辑移动目的关系。1)I have so many clothes to wash today。(2)I can t think of any good advice to give her . 3)we have no houses to live in .2.动词不定式修饰的名词在place、time、way等时，不定式表示这些术语的出动关系或奇偶。示例：1)He needs time to do homework。2)he wants to know the best way to travel around the city。3.“there be .”在句型中，句子的主语是动词不定式的对象：1)there s just so much to see and do here。2).but there are still many things to do there。五、用作对象补充语言1.带有to的动词被否定为宾语补足语的动词主要是接受建议(ask，allow，advise)、鼓励邀请(expect，invite，encourage)、教导(teach，teach)例如：1)id invite her to have dinner at my house。2 we should allow the children to choose their own clothes。2.动词不定式补语，主动语态语句中没有to，被动语态语句中有to时，大部分动词是官能动词和使役动词，包括4“看”:look at，observe，see，watch，3“看”:have示例：1)this picture makes me feel exceited！2)we saw liuyu play baseball last week。如果在3.help后加上动词不定式，就可能没有to。1)they can help you to learn English . 2)using email English helps you write quickly。六、用作副词1.目的副词放在句子的开头或句子的末尾，放在句子的开头总是表示强调。例如：1) in order to catch the early bus，she got up very early。2)a group of young people got together to discuss this question。3)she came to this city to visit her daughter。2.原因副词是“sb .be adj. to do .”在名为的结构语句中发现了很多。例如：1) I feel very lucky to have him。2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes。3.结果副词是“too.to ， enough to . 在结构语句中发现很多。例如：1) Im too tired to do it well。2)the room is big enogh for three people to live in .七、动词不定式复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for/of sb .to do sth . ro，for/of是引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以用主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等来写。不定式复合结构的介词是for还是of，主要取决于前面形容词的性质。一般来说，of之前的形容词用careful、clever、foolis、good、kind、nice、wise等来说明人的特性和不正当动作的特性。For前面的形容词一般说明dangerous、difficult、easy、hard、heavy、important、interesting、neceary等不定式动作的特性，前面是名词用(for)例如：1.it s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening . 2 . it s wise of him to do it well .3)is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog？八、有疑问的单词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可能有疑问代词what，which，who或疑问副词how，when，where，why等。这种结构起到名词的作用，在句子中用作宾语、主语、表语等，或单独使用。请注意，Why后面的不定式没有to。例如：1.作为句子的成分写。(1)I dont know what to try next。(用宾语)2)Where to go is not decided yet。(作为主语)单独使用时，就像特殊的疑问句。1)What to do next？(=What will we/you do next？2)Why go there？(=Why do we/you go there？九、动词不定式不定式是not/never to do.没有to的不定式是not/never do.如所示：1.they decide not to talk to each other。2.his parents tell him never to play soccer in the street。单一选择：()1。the teacher told them _ _ _ _ _ _ make so much noise。A.dont B. not C. will not D. not to()2 .my mother offten tells me _ _ _ _ _ somany mistakes。A.not to make b . to not make c . don t maked。not make()3 .tell him _ _ _ _ _ _ the window。A.“to shut(关闭)”not b. not to shutoc .to not shutded。not shut()4。the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _ _ _ _ _ . a . not to b . not to do c . not do it d()5。Mrs Smith warned(警告)her daughter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ after drinking。A.never to drive b . to never drive c . never driving d . never drive()6。the doctor asked the patient _ _ _ rich food after the operation。A.to eat not b . eating not c . not to eat d . not eating()7。the workers want us _ _ _ _ _ _ _ together with them。A.work b.working c.to work d.worked()8。I saw him _ _ _ _ _ _ out of the room。A.go B. went C.is going D. goes()9 .he offten makes his little sister _ _ _ _、A.cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry()10 there re so many kinds of