创意产业发展[英文]

1,Settingthescene,CulturalassetsandhumancreativityareinexhaustibleresourcesavailableinallcountrieswithbothculturalandeconomicvalueIdeas,knowledgeandinformationaredriversofcreativityGlobalizationre-shapedpatternsofworldculturalconsumptioninaworlddominatedbyimages,sounds,textsandsymbolsConnectivityinfluencingsocietylife-styleandthewaycreativeproductsarecreated,reproducedandcommercializedShifttowardsamoreholisticapproachtodevelopmentstrategiesinterfacebetweeneconomics,cultureandtechnology,2,CreativeEconomyReport-2008,ChapterI:ConceptandcontextofthecreativeeconomyChapterII:ThedevelopmentdimensionChapterIII:AnalysingthecreativeeconomyChapterIV:Towardsevidence-basedassessmentofthecreativeeconomyChapterV:InternationaltradeincreativegoodsandservicesChapterVI:TheroleofintellectualpropertyinthecreativeeconomyChapterVII:Technology,connectivityandthecreativeeconomyChapterVIII:PolicystrategiesforthecreativeindustriesChapterIX:TheinternationalpolicyframeworkforcreativeindustriesChapterX:LessonslearnedandpolicyoptionsStatisticalAnnex:Worldtradeofcreativegoodsandservices,1996-2005,3,ChapterI:CreativeEconomy,Conceptsanddefinitions:culturalindustries,culturaleconomics,creativeindustries,creativeeconomy,creativecities,creativeclusters,creativeclass,etcMajordrivers:technology,demandandtourismMultipledimensions:economic,socialandculturalMulti-disciplinarynature:needforconcertedinter-ministerialpoliciesanddialoguewithallstakeholders-Thecreativeeconomy:aleadingsectordrivingeconomicgrowth,employmentandtrade,4,CreativeEconomy,Anevolvingconceptbasedoncreativeassetspotentiallygeneratingsocio-economicgrowthEmbraceseconomic,culturalandsocialaspectsinteractingwithtechnologyandtourismobjectivesCanfosterincomegeneration,jobcreationandexportearnings,whilepromotingsocialinclusionculturaldiversityandhumandevelopmentIsafeasiblepolicyoptiontopromotetradeanddevelopmentgains(UNCTAD),5,CreativeEconomy,Isasetofknowledge-basedeconomicactivitieswithcross-cuttinglinkagestotheoveralleconomyCreativeIndustriesAretangiblegoodsandintangibleserviceswithcreativecontent,economicvalueandmarketobjectives,CreativeIndustries,CreativeEconomy,6,UNCTADClassification,7,ChapterII:Thedevelopmentdimension,MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsandpovertyreductionDevelopmentlinkages:beyondeconomics-cultural,socialandsustainabledevelopmentTraditionalknowledge,artsandthecreativeeconomyObstaclestoexpansionofthecreativeeconomy:capital,entrepreneurialskills,infrastructureandinstitutionaltoolsShapingamodelforenhancingthecreativeeconomy:UNCTADscreativenexus(C-ITET)modelThecreativeeconomyinthedevelopingworld:Africasshareinglobaltradeofcreativegoodsandservicesislessthan1%,8,Thedevelopmentdimension,9,ChapterIII:Analysingthecreativeeconomy,Needforsystematicanalysis,consistentmethodology,reliablestatisticsandqualitativeindicatorsOrganizationalstructure:predominanceofSMEsandfewlargetransnationalsworkinginternationallyEconomicanalysis:value-chainanalysis,IPRs,inter-industryandlocationalanalysis,contracttheoryImportantrole:publicandquasi-publicinstitutionsandindividualartistsandcreativeproducersDistributionandcompetitionissues,10,ChapterIV:Towardsanevidence-basedassessmentofthecreativeeconomy,Reliablebenchmark:internationalbaseusingtradedataOperationalmodel:universalcomparativeanalysistoallcountriesPracticalmeasures:furtherresearch,minimaladditionalcostsAssessmenttools:economicevaluationispartial,notexhaustiveProblematic:valuationofculture,technologicalchangesandboundariesbetweenarts/cultureandindustryCreativeproducts:relativelowvalueasmaterials,butrealvalueinintellectualproperty(blankCDcase)Tradeincreativeindustriesrelativelyinvisible,shadowsofIPRs,11,ChapterV:Internationaltradeincreativegoods&services,Worldtradeofcreativeproductsannualgrowthrateof8.7%during2000-2005,reachingUS$424,4billionin2005CreativegoodstotalledUS$335,5billionin2005,47%higherthanin2000,asshowninthetableDevelopedcountriesdominatedtradebutexportshaverisenfasterindevelopingcountriesduetoChinaNewopportunitiesfordevelopingcountriestoleapfroginhighgrowthsectorsoftheworldeconomy,12,Creativeeconomy:leadinggrowthandemploymentinadvancedcountries,InEuropeEU-25,thecreativeeconomyhasgrown12%fasterthantheoveralleconomyduring1999-2003UK:In1997-2004,asvalueadded5%growthcomparedwith3%fortherestoftheeconomy.EmploymentgrewtwicefasterEUledworldexports,US$145billionin2005Italy,rankedfirstinexportsofcreativegoodsduetocompetitivepositionindesignproductsExportsearnings42%higherindevelopedcountriesin2000-2005.Samecountriesamongtop10exportersduringtheperiod,13,Creativeindustriesexportsgoodsandservices,billionUS$,billionUS$,Source:UNCTAD,14,CreativegoodsandservicesAnewdynamicsectorinworldtrade,UNCTADfiguresshowthatworldexportsof:DesignArtcrafts-US$119.7billionin1996-US$14.7billionin1996-US$218.1billionin2005-US$23.2billionin2005,15,Indevelopingcountriesanuancedsituation,Despitetheabundanceofcreativetalents,mostdevelopingcountriesarenotyetfullybenefitingfromthepotentialoftheircreativeeconomiesInAsia-PacificandMiddle-EastthecreativeeconomyisgrowingfastwithcompetitiveproductsInLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeannoticeableimprovementsbutneedtoreinforcecreativecapacitiesAfricaveryfragmentedcreativeindustriesrequiringfinancingandbusinesssupport,16,Source:UNCTAD,Creativeindustriesgoodsshareinworldexports-2005,17,Regionaleconomicgroupsinworldmarkets,EuropeanUnionleadsworldexportswith43%marketshareExportsfromAsiaisnowhigherthanfromNorthAmericaFTAAcountriesexportedUS$45.5billionin2005,about14%worldmarket,mainlyfromNAFTAcountriesMERCOSURhasverysmallshareinworldtradeofcreativegoodsACPcountries,whichincludesCaribbean,AfricaandPacifichaveaninexpressiveparticipationinworldmarkets.,18,THAILAND,Source:UNCTAD,19,THAILAND,CREATIVEINDUSTRIESEXPORTSBYPRODUCTS(millionsofdollars),Source:UNCTAD,20,THAILAND,DESIGN:EXPORTSBYPRODUCTS(millionsofdollars),Source:UNCTAD,21,ChapterVI:IntellectualPropertyRightsandthecreativeeconomy,Intellectualproperty:sensitiveareawithdifferentapproachesCopyrights:sourceofwealth,canbeanincentiveandrewardforproductionanddisseminationofcreativeworksIPRscontributiontothecreativeeconomy:GDP/employmentTraditionalculturalexpressionsandpublicdomainissuesCopyrightandnewtechnologies:the“internettreaties”Possiblepolicyoptions,22,PolicyoptionsAnefficientandfairinternationalIPsystem,-ProtectIPinexportmarketsiscrucialIncreaseawarenessandadherencetointernationaltreatsViablereinforcementisoftenamorecriticalissueProtectingcopyrightisapublic-policygoalDevelopingcountriesbetterexploreflexibilitiesoftheTRIPsagreementandWIPO“DevelopmentAgenda”-No“one-size-fitsall”model,somealternatives,23,ChapterVII:Connectivityandthecreativeindustries,ICTsimpactonthecreativeeconomy:changesinmarketing&distributionandstimulusforcreativecontentDigitization:1/3developingcountriespenetrationrateoflessthan5%Convergence:newbusinessmodels,marketsstructuresandgovernanceImpactacrosstheproductionchain:fromconceptiontoaccesstomarkets/audienceLookingintothefuture,24,ChapterVIII:Policystrategiesforthecreativeindustries,-Theroleofpublicpolicies:governmentasfacilitator-Thepolicyprocess:objectives,tools,implementation-Policydirections:strategicconcertedactions-Targetmeasuresforenhancingcreativecapacities-Tailoringpolicyactionatthenationallevel,25,Policydirections,-Provisionofinfrastructure-Provisionoffinance&investment-Creationofinstitutionalmechanisms-Developmentofexportmarkets-Protectionofcreatorsrights-Establishmentofcreativeclusters-Toolsforeffectivedata-collectionmeasures,26,ChapterX:Lessonslearnedandpolicyoptions,LessonsLearned:Creativeeconomycallsformulti-disciplinaryandconcertedpolicyresponseWorldexportsofcreativegoodsandservicesgrewby8.7%annuallyduring2000-2005withfastergrowthindevelopingcountriesICTsandIPRsaremajordriversofthegrowthofthecreativeeconomyworldwideTechnologyoffersopportunitiesforSMEs:newdistributionchannelsforcreativecontent,innovativebusinessmodels-Thecreativeeconomystrengthensthelinksbetweencreativity,culture,technologyandeconomicdevelopment,27,Majorfindings,-Anevolvingconcept:nocommondefinitionofthecreativeeconomy,norauniqueclassificationofthecreativeindustries-Thereisnoone-fits-allrecipebutflexibleandstrategicchoicestobemadebygovernmentsatnationallevel-Thecreativeeconomyoffernewvenuesfordevelopingcountriestoleapfrogintohigh-growthareasoftheworldeconomy-Needtoreconcilenationalpolicy-makingforthecreativeeconomywithon-goingmultilateralprocesses,28,Policyoptions,Roleofgovernments:toarticulateaconduciveclimateandinfrastructuretostimulatecreativecapacitiesRoleofcreativeentrepreneurs:topromotecreativeentrepreneurshiptoupgradeskillsandlinkagesbetweenarts,creationandbusinessRoleofcivilsociety:forgingstrategicalliancestofacilitateinteractionswithallstakeholders