国际贸易实务双语教程课后题

.钥匙Chapter1I. Answer my ernational trade is business whose activities invoice the crossing of nationalborders . it includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but alsoencomasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation，tourism，Banking、advertising、construction、retailing、wholesaling、and mass communications。it includes all business transactions that invoice two or more countries . such businessrelationship may be private or government。2.sales expansion，resource acquisition and divers ification of sales and supplies。3.To gain profit。4.to seej out foreign markets and procurement。5.there are four major forms which are the following :Merchandise exports and imports、service exports and imports、investment andMultinational Enterprise。6.it is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all internationaleconomic and financial transactions between one nation(eg . the United States)andthe rest of the world over some period of time，usually one year。mor chandise exporting and importing。8.是。there are great differences between them。1)direct investment takes place when control follows the investment . it usuallyCapital、personnel、and technology abroad.it aims atgaining of foreign resources and foreign markets . direct investment may often gethigher foreign sales than exporting . and some times it invoices two or more parties。2)while port folio investments are not under control . and they are used primarilyfor financial purposes . treasures of companies，for example，routery more fundsfrom one country to another to get a higher yield on shortterm investments。9.MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise . its synonyms arennc(the multinational corporation)and transnational corporation(TNC)。10.examples aretravel、transport、fee、royalties、dividends and interest。11.the choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and theenvironments in which the company must operate。12.it is limited by the number of people interested in a firm s products andservices and by customers capacity to make purchase。13.this is because at an early stage of international invoicement these operationsusually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm s resources。14.royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad，such as forTrademarks patens，copyright，or other expeertise under contract known as licencingAgreements。royalties are also paid franchising。15.it is a way of doing business in which one party(the franchiser)the use of atrade mark that is an essential asset for the franchise RS business。ii match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1 . j 2 . a 3 . e 4 . b 5 . c 6 . d 7 . I 8 . g 9 . f 10 . hiii translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售12经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14型商品5成品15型进出口6边际利润16收支；上了年纪，长了肉7市场份额超过17的能力8贸易歧视18贸易经纪人(业务)；经纪人9时机选择了全部19个施工的施工合同方式10流通周期20许可证协议iv translate the following into English1.trade is offten the engine of growth . however over simplified this metaphorMay be，it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process ofgrowth . a healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition forRapid and sustained growth，but a strong positive association between the two iscleally undniable . trade expansion contributions to economic growth in many ways。among them are the benefits of special ization；the favorbable effects of internationalcompetition on domestic economic efficiency，The increated capacity to pay for Theimports required in development and more generally the stimulus to ernational trade is the exchange of goods and services producted in onecountry for goods and services producted in another country . in addition to visibleTrade，which invoies the import and export of goods and merchandise，there is alsoInvisible trade，which involves the exchange of services between nations . nationssuch as Greece and Norway have large marietime fleets and provide transportationservice . this is a kind of invisible trade . invisible trade can be as important to somenations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others .in both cases，thenations earn the money to buy neckessies。3.there exist different ways of conducting international business . exclusive salemeans the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a partictularproduct in a designated area within a specified period of time . in this kind of businessTransaction，the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sellThe product by himself，assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss。exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is invlved。anddifference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusiveseller enjoys exclusive right in a partictular area。4.there is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs。thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production andreproduction . some times a country can buy goods and services from abroad on aBarter basis。barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goodsOf another sort without using money。barter trade itself is not enough to meat acountry s import needs . but as a form of international trade，it is still attractive indeveloping countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreignf