人教版八年级英语上册知识点

八年级英语上册各单元知识点Unit11. Someone, something, somewhere/anyone, anything, anywhere/everyone,everything, everywhere/no one, nothing, nowhere,不定代词的用法总结：不定代词有特点，修饰词语放后边，用作主语谓单三例1：I want to do _ _ (something interesting/interesting something) 例2：Everyone _(is / are)here. 例3：Everything _ (tastes/taste)good.2. 好久没见 Long time no see!3. 在度假 be on vacation 4. 上个月 last month5. 相当多 quite a few+可数名词复数6. 拍照 take photos7. 呆在家里 stay at home8. 大多数时间 most of the time9. 给某人买某物 buy sb. sth./ buy sth. for sb.（先说人直接连，先说物介词填） 例：I want to buy a book for my sister.=I want to buy my sister a book.10. 做某事很愉快have a good time doing sth.=have fun doing sth.=enjoy oneself doing sth.例: I have a good time playing basketball.=I have fun playing basketball.=I enjoy myself playing basketball.11. 听起来sound；尝起来taste；闻起来smell；看起来look；摸起来feel（都是系词）+形容词 例：That sounds good; It tastes wonderful; It smells terrible; she looks young; It feels cold.12. 你觉得.怎么样？What do you think of.?=How do you like .?13. 第一次做某事Its the first time to do sth. 例：Its my first time to eat durian. Although it smells terrible, it tastes really good.14. 你的假期怎么样？How was your vacation?15. 除了什么都没有(只有)： nothing but+名词/动词原形例：he has nothing but books(他除了书什么都没有);You can do nothing but read in the library(你在图书馆里只能读书)16. 似乎：seem+形容词；seem to do; it seems that+句子She seems very happy. /She seems to be happy. /It seems that she is happy.她似乎很开心 17. 去度假 go on vacation；在度假 be on vacation18. 到达 arrive in/at=reach=get to19. 决定做某事 decide to do =make a decision to do ; 决定不做某事：decide not to do sth.20. 尝试做某事try doing sth. 努力做某事 try to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 try ones best to do sth.21. 想要做某事feel like doing sth.= would like to do sth. 另外：feel like 还可以表示“感觉像”后跟名词或句子。例：He feels like a bird=He feels like that he is a bird.22. 骑车去某地ride a bike to sp.=ride to sp.23. 一百年以前100 years ago 总结: 多少时间以前：时间段+ago24. 三年后：after 3 years=3 years later总结: 多少时间以后:after+时间段=时间段+later25. 想知道：wonder=want to know+宾语从句（用陈述句语序：情/系放到主语后，助动词去掉)例1：I wonder what he can do. 例2：I wonder who he is. 例3：I want to know what he likes eating.26. 在过去 in the past27. 在周围散步walk around 例：Uncle Tom likes walking around his farm after dinner.28. 有影响；创造不同；起作用: make a difference 例：IvolunteerbecauseIwant tonot justseetheworld,butmakeadifferenceinit.29. 开始做某事start/begin +doing sth.= start/begin to do sth.30. 走进；走向 walk up to31. 下小雨It rains a little;下大雨It rains hard/heavily32. 等待某人wait for sb.;等待某人多长时间wait for sb. for +时间段；等待做某事wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 cant wait to do sth.33. 因为 because+句子；because of+单词/短语34. 在下面under（正下方）；below（斜下方）35. 足够的enough：放在“名前形副后”，重点句型:形容词/副+enough to do 例1：I have enough money. 例2：He is old enough to go to school.基础训练P6第6小题36. 一碗 a bowl of 37. 忘记要去做某事forget to do sth.(没有做)；忘记做过了某事forget doing sth.(做过了)38. 停止做某事stop doing sth.(停下正在做的事)；停下来去做某事 stop to do sth. （停下来原来做的事情，去做另外一件事）例1：Hearing the doorbells, she stopped washing the dishes. 听见门铃声，她停止洗碗了例2：Hearing the doorbells, she stopped to open the door. 听到门铃，她停下手中的活去开门39. 三者或以上中的另外一个:another用法1：another+名词单数；用法2：another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数例1：This apple is bad, please give me another one.这个苹果坏了，请给我另外的一个。例2：To make apple soup, three apples are not enough, we need another two apples.为了制作苹果汤，三个苹果不够，我们需要另外两个苹果。40. 发现find out（经过思考查明事实）;找到find（直接用眼睛发现）例1：He found his key under his desk.他在他的书桌下面找到了他的钥匙。例2：I will try to find out who broke the window.我会尽力查出谁打破了窗户。41. 吩咐某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.42. 让某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.43. 使某人做某事 make sb. do sth.44. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. do sth.=help sb. with sth.45. 花费某人多少时间做某事It takes sb. +时间+to do sth.例：我每天花2个小时写作业It takes me two hours to do homework.46. 继续/持续做某事keep doing sth. ；保持什么状态 keep+形容词47. 上下跳动jump up and down.48. 兴奋地 in excitement49. 去钓鱼go fishing; 去购物go shopping; 去划船 go boating；去游泳go swimming50. 记日记 keep a diray51. 对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：“It is形，动词用不定”it+is+形容词+for/of sb.+ to do sth.例：it is important for us to learn English and math.52. 动词变形容词规则：“人加ed,物ing” The book is interesting and the girl is interested in it. 基础训练P4第4小题；P12.第5小题53. 独自；自己 （by）oneself 例：He finished his homework by himself.54. 一点儿：a few+可数名词复数（表示肯定意思）；a little +不可数名词（肯定意思）；few+可数名词复数（表示否定意思）； little +不可数名词（否定意思）例：基础训练P14第5题。55. 为工作: work for；作为而工作: work as 例：He works as a waiter before he became famous. 基础训练P13第7题。They all work for the big company. 他们都为那家大公司工作。56. 如此以至于 so+形容/副词+that+句子例：He was so tired that he wanted to have a rest.57. 喜欢做某事 like to do sth.=like doing sth.=enjoy doing sth.58. 练习做某事practice doing sth.59. 完成做某事finish doing sth.60. 没有任何东西nothing=notanything例：She was so sad that she said nothing=She was so sad that she didnt say anything.她是如此伤心以至于她什么都没说。基础训练P10第3小题Unit21. 帮助做某事help with/do sth.帮助某人做某事help sb. (to)do/with sth.2. 做锻炼exercise=do exercise=do/play sports;名词exercise可以表示“练习题”（可数）；“体操”（可数）；“锻炼”（不可数）3. 去购物go shopping;去钓鱼go fishing; 去划船 go boating；去游泳go swimming4. 提问频率（always/usually/often/sometimes/hardly ever/never/every day/once a week）用how often 例：How often do you watch TV? Twice a week.5. 多长how long；多少how many+可数名词复数；多少（钱）how much+（不可数名词）；多远how far;6. 区分hard 与hardly：hard 作为形容词是：困难的；坚硬的，作为副词是：努力地；辛苦地； hardly只是副词：几乎不 注意：切记hardly不是hard的副词形式7. 你想吃蛋糕吗？Would you like some cakes? 肯定回答Yes，please。否定回答No，thanks.这里的问句中要用some。8. 让某人做某事tell/ask sb. to do sth. 让某人不做某事tell/ask sb. not to do sth.9. 想要做某事want to do sth.=would like to do sth. 想要某人做某事want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do sth.10. 对有好处/坏处 be good/bad for（主语一般是物）; 擅长be good at+名词/代词/动名词;（主语是人）；对好be good to sb.=be friendly to11. 你最喜欢的运动是什么？Whats your favorite sport?=What sport do you like best? 我最喜欢的运动是篮球My favorite sport is basketball.=I like basketball best12. 上课 have classes/lessons13. 有空be free =have time 例：明天你有空吗？ Are you free tomorrow?=Do you have time tomorrow.14. full 可以表示“满的”；“饱的”；“忙的”Next month is very full for me表示忙时主语是“时间”。15. 熬夜stay up late16. 吃早餐eat breakfast; 吃健康的早餐eat a healthy breakfast 三餐饭前有修饰词时要加冠词a/an17. 至少at least; 至多at most; 少于less than; 超过more than18. 阳光下读书对眼睛不好Reading books _( is/are) bad for our eyes动词做主语时要用ing形式，并且谓语动词用单三形式。19. 在某人的空闲时间里in ones free time20. 询问某人关于某事 ask sb. about sth.21. 百分之15的学生 fifteen percent of the students百分数作主语时,主语的单复数由后边的名词定。例1：Fifty percent of the students are in the classroom.可数用复数例2：Seventy percent of the water is in the sea不可数用单数22. 每周46次 four to six times a week23. 一点也不notat all24. 问题的答案the answer to the question门上的钥匙the key to the door；比赛的门票the ticket to the match；难题的解决方法the resolution to the problem。25. 最受欢迎的the most popular26. 放松的最好方法the best way to relax做某事的最好方法 the best way to do sth.27. 例如 such as+名词/代词/动词ing;=for example，+句子28. 对感兴趣 be surprised at 29. 花费时间做某事spend+时间段+ on sth.=spend+时间段+ doing sth. 花费时间陪伴某人 spend+时间段+with sb.30. 开始做某事start/begin +doing sth.= start/begin to do sth.31. 做运动play sports=do sports32. 通过使用网络放松是好的Its good to relax by using the Internet33. 最好的放松方式是通过锻炼The best way to relax is through exercising34. 它对头脑和身体都有好处Its good for the mind and the body.35. Linda是一个16岁的女孩 Linda is a sixteen-year-old girl（复合形容词作定语：一单定）；Linda16岁了Linda is sixteen years old（分开的三个单词作表语：三单表）36. “但是”but+句子，不与though同时出现；“然而”however+，+句子37. 饮食习惯eating habits38. 去看牙医go to the dentist39. 去购物中心go to the shopping center40. 没有人no one（只表示人） ;没有任何人或物none（可表人或物，可用none of） 41. 使用它为了娱乐use it for fun42. 看look at；看见see；43. 听listen to；听见hear44. 寻找look for； 找到/发现find； 查明（真相）find out45. 保持健康(形容词)be healthy=keep healthy； 为了你的健康（名词）for your healthUnit31. 比较级的三种句型：1) A比B：A +be +形容词比较级+than +B; A+动词+宾语+副词比较级+than +B eg: Linda is quieter than Lisa. / Peter plays basketball better than Paul.2)A与B一样A +be +as+形容词原级+as +B; A+动词+宾语+as+副词原级+as +BEg: Linda is as quiet as Lisa. Peter plays basketball as well as Paul.3）A不如BA +be not +as（so）+形容词原级+as +B; A+dont/doesnt+动词+宾语+as+副词原级+as +B2. 就近原则汇总：1)既不也不 neithernor，eg: Neither Tom nor LinTao knows the news2)或者或者either or eg: Either you or I am the first one to get the top.3)不但而且 not only but also eg: Not only you but also I am good students.3. 与都 both and Both you and I are good students.4. 跑得快 run fast/quickly5. 早起 get up early6. 对某人友好be friendly to/with sb.7. 留短头发的那个 the one with short hair8. 玩的开心have fun(doing sth.) =have a good time(doing sth.)=enjoy oneself9. 修饰比较级的副词有：much, even, a little, a bit, far, 10. 修饰原级的副词：a little, a bit, very, pretty, quite, too, so11.在某方面有才能 be talented in 12. 与一样 the same as13. 与不同 be different from14. 使某人做某事 make sb. do sth.15. 看起来像：look like=be like16.喜欢做某事 like doing =like to do sth=enjoy doing sth17. 对某人来说做某事是 Its+形容词+to do =Doing sth.+is +形容词 eg: It is easy for me make friends.=Making friends is easy for me.18. 擅长运动 be/get good at sports 更擅长be/get better at19.努力工作work hard20.关心 care about21.与交朋友make friends with22.只要 as long as23.使显现bring out24.实际上in fact25.分享一切share everything with26.取得好成绩get good grades27.感觉更好feel better28. 与相像be similar to29. 更多的信息more information这里的information为不可数名词30.多于；超过more than=over31.看起来一样look the same32.比较级的判定：1)有than时 eg: I am taller than Tom.2有俩个比较对象时：Who is taller , Tom or Jerry?3)形容词或副词前有much或其他词修饰时，She is much more beautiful than her sister.33. 注意more 与much，前者是与多音节形容词连起来构成比较级的，不可以省去；much是修饰比较级的，去掉还是比较级。Eg: She is more serious than most kids.不可省She is much more serious than most kids.可以去掉34.反义疑问句：在陈述句后加一个简短的小问句。注意：1）前后句意思相反She is a good girl, isnt she?/ She isnt a good girl, is she? 前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定2）提前词与主句保持一致eg：They can swim, cant they?/Bob likes ping-pong, doesnt he?3）小问句主语要用代词eg: Lucy watched TV yesterday, didnt she35. 谈论talk about36.与相处的好be good withUnit 41. 舒适的座椅comfortable seats2. 距离近close to 另外：close可以表示“亲密的”3. 到某前为止so far4. 最短的等待时间 the shortest waiting time5. 最差的商店 the worst store6. 最高级的判定方法：1）形容词前有the+（序数词）。2）后边有in+比较范围。3）后边有of+比较对象。7. 你认为怎么样？How do you like?=What do you think of ? 回答时用I like it。或It is interesting8. 我可以问你一些问题吗？May I ask you some question?这里的some表示期望得到对方肯定的答复。9. 考虑做某事think about+doing10. 想起；认为think of11. 在这附近around here12. 感谢做了某事thanks for doing sth。13. 一点也不not at all eg: I dont like the movie at all.14. 服务：名词service；动词serve(服务；提供)；serve sb. sth.=serve sth to sb.15. 才艺展示talent show16. 有共同特征have in common17. 各种各样all kinds of 18. 由决定be up to you19. 在发挥作用play a role in doing sth.20. 编造make up21. 例如: such as +名词、代词、doing22. 例如，for example+，+句子23. 认真对待takeseriously24. 实现come true 主语是“梦想”25. 看见某人做