110KV降压变电站继电保护设计文献翻译

南 昌 工 程 学 院 2008 级毕业（设计）论文文献翻译 机械与电气工程 学（院） 电气工程及其自动化 专业 题 目 广西某水泥厂110kV降压变电站继电保护设计 学 生 姓 名 陈 欣 班 级 08电气工程及其自动化（1）班 学 号 指 导 教 师 张 兴 旺 日 期 2012 年 1 月 8 日南 昌 工 程 学 院 教 务 处 订 制评语： 指导教师： 年 月 日Development and current situation of the relay protectionAbstract ：Substation is an important part of the power system, which directly affect the whole power system security and economic operation, power plants and users are linked to the intermediate link, plays a transformation and distribution of electric energy effect.This paper reviewed the power system protection technology in China after the process of development, this paper Outlines the microcomputer relay protection technology achievements, this paper puts forward the future relay protection technology development trend is：Computerized, and the electric network, protection, control, according to the results of the survey and data communications integration and artificial Intelligent. Key word：relay protection present situation development The future development of the relay protection substation1. relay protection development present situation The electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection proposed unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time. After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50s, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical teams establishment. The relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching complete system in the 60s. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our country relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation. From the end of the 50s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60s to the 80s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to depend upon completely from the overseas import time. From the 70s, started based on the integration operational amplifier integrated circuit protection to study. Has formed the complete series to at the end of 80s integrated circuit protection,substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circuit protects which to the beginning of the 90s still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role , the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in strip 220kv and on the 500kv line. Our country namely started the computer relay protection research from the end of the 70s , the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunners function. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the Tianjin University, Public transport in Shanghai University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing electric power automation research institute one after another has all developed the different principle, the different pattern microcomputer protective device. In 1984 the original North China electric power institute developed the transmission line microcomputer protective device first through the appraisal, and in the system the find application, had opened in our country relay protection history the new page, protected the promotion for the microcomputer to pave the way. In the host equipment protection aspect, the generator which southeast the university and Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops loses magnetism protection, the generator protection and the generator?Bank of transformers protection also one after another in 1989, in 1994 through appraisal, investment movement. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute develops microcomputer line protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development microcomputer phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection, the Xian Jiaotong University and the Xu Chang relay factory cooperation development positive sequence breakdown component direction high frequency protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the appraisal. Heres, the different principle, the different type microcomputer line and the host equipment protect unique, provided one batch of new generation of performance for the electrical power system fine, the function has been complete, the work reliable relay protection installment. Along with the microcomputer protective device research, in microcomputer aspect and so on protection software, algorithm has also yielded the very many theories result. May say started our country relay protection technology from the 90s to enter the time which the microcomputer protected.2. How to design a safe and economic flexible substation一The main electrical wiring schemes of the selected The main electrical wiring is the electrical substation backbone. Substation the main electrical wiring refers to the substation of electric power distribution in the collection, circuit, usually called substation a connection, is by the transformer, circuit breakers, isolating switch, transformer, generatrix, lightning arrester and electrical equipment according to certain connected to order. it is the an important part of electric power system overall design form.The wiring should be based on the substation form substation in power system, the function, the status of his back, characteristics of the equipment and the load conditions set properties, and should meet the reliable operation, simple, convenient operation and flexible save investment requirements.The Lord wiring basic requirements of design for: (1)the power supply reliability. The Lord wiring design should meet the requirements; When the system is at fault, power requirements range, restore power fast. (2) Adaptability and flexibility. Can adapt to a certain period to load level not expected to change; When change operation mode operation is convenient, facilitate the expansion of substation. (3)Economy. To ensure that the power supply reliability, meet in power quality, under the premise of to try to save construction investment and running costs, reduce the area of land. (4) the simplified wiring. Distribution network automation, substation unmanned is the modern network development inevitable trend, the simplified wiring for the technology to the full implementation of creating more favorable conditions. (5) With the same type of substation Lord connection form, can make the Lord wiring normalization, standardization, be helpful for system operation and equipment maintenance. Along with the development of electric power system, raise the level of dispatching automation of new equipment and wide application of new technologies, the substation the main electrical wiring form also had the very big change. The common connection form of Lord: single bus bar, single bus bar section, single bus bar section with bypass, double-bus configuration, double block bus with bypass, one and a half circuit breaker wiring and bridge connection form and circuit transformer group wiring.1997 years after the wiring type in the transformer substation built by a single mother, bridge form and line transformer group mainly. Reaching 85%. And with bypass the bus, wiring type only a, just 5%. Substation design in China began to tend to be in substation wiring schemes simple, recent domestic new many substation of 110 kV and 220 kv voltage grade of the connection with double bus and not with bypass bus. The application of GIS, give priority to the out-lines single bus. Terminal substation, make use of line transformer wiring, etc. A lot to adopt new technology, the substation electrical equipment class continuously improve, power distribution equipment from the traditional form of no oil to change, vacuum switch, SF6 switch and machine, electricity combination of small equipment development integration.Viewed formally, the development process of the connection is from the simple to the complex, again by complex to simple process. In the 70 s, it was made by the electrical equipment technology, the communication technology and control technology restrictions, in order to improve the system power supply reliability, produced from simple to complex Lord wiring evolution process. In todays technology environment, along with the new technology, high quality electrical products widely used in some conditions using simple wiring way than the complex Lord wiring way more reliable and more security, the substation Lord wiring is simplified. Therefore, the substation the main electrical wiring forms should be based on reliability, flexibility, economy and technology environment unity to decide.The main electrical wiring schemes for the selection of the substation electrical equipment choice, site layout, protection and control adopted by the way, the running reliability and flexibility, economy, maintenance, operation and maintenance of the safety and so on, all have direct impact, so, choose the optimization and auto-switch manner, which has special meaning.2 Choose a more secure and reliable electrical equipment (1) high voltage circuit breaker (or say high voltage switch) line normal, used to hige load current; Line fault, used to cut off the huge short-circuit current. Circuit breaker with good arcing device and strong arcing ability. According to the arcing media division, the circuit breaker is divided into oil circuit breaker, air circuit breaker, SF6 circuit breaker, etc.(2) load switch line normal, used to hige load current, but cannot be used to cut short circuit current. Load switch only simple arcing device, its arcing ability is limited. Load switch in the broken has obvious disconnect point. (3) isolating switch (or said that high pressure breaker) isolating switch no arcing device, its arcing ability is very small. Only when the electrical power equipment maintenance, used to isolate the power supply, cause an obvious disconnect point, to ensure the maintenance staff job security. (4) in a high pressure fuse load or short circuit, can use the melt fusing to remove diseased fault. In some cases, fuse and load switch or isolating switch to cooperate to use to replace expensive high voltage circuit breaker, in order to save the project investment.(5) the main loop current transformer will be the large current transformation for the small current for measurement and relay protection use. Current transformer secondary side usually rated current for 5 A or 1 A, in the use of secondary side is not allowed to open.(6) the high voltage transformer voltage transform into low voltage, measure and relay protection for use. The voltage transformer secondary side usually for 100 V rated voltage, in the use of secondary side is not allowed to short circuit.(7) lightning arrester is mainly used to suppress the overhead lines and distribution on the bus but operation lightning overvoltage overvoltage, to protect the electrical equipment from damage.(8) the transformer substation internal motive power and lighting to load, operational power supply to provide power.As mentioned above, all sorts of electric equipment to our substation design to have crucial role. Therefore the reasonable configuration is the key of the key. First to be said to have higher reliability of SF6 and vacuum circuit breaker a little oil or more comprehensive replace oil type circuit breaker. Bypass facilities set the goal is to reduce the maintenance of the user into a circuit breaker in the influence of the power supply. SF6 circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breakers maintenance cycle can be as long as 20 years, in use in substation the SF6 circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breaker, circuit breaker overhaul chance is greatly reduced and the single back to improve the reliability of the power supply lines into the second fundamental measures construction power supply circuit. Because in a single line power supply case back to interrupt the power supply has been the main factor is line fault. Instead of circuit breaker overhaul. So with the recent ten years and SF6 vacuum circuit breaker in the transformer substation of 110 kV and widely used with bypass the connection mode of bus in 110 kV and below voltage grade already said goodbye to the stage of history. Other equipment, we should also be calculated according to the need of design and reasonable choice, so as to ensure security and economy.1.isolating switch configuration (1) generators export general should be installed isolating switch: capacity for 220 MW and above the large units and double winding transformer for unit connected, its export not installed isolating switch, but shall be detachable connection. (2) in the outlet of reactor is installed on 6-10 KV power distribution equipment, when to different users of the two back to share power supply line a circuit breaker and a set of reactor, each return should be installed a group of online the qualification isolating switch. (3) up in generator, transformer to qualify for the neutral or you may not have lightning arrester isolating switch.(4) the common type transformer neutral point directly grounded all should through the isolating switch grounding; Since the transformer neutral point of lotus root are not installed isolating switch.2. the configuration of voltage transformer (1) the number of voltage transformer and configuration and the relevant connection mode, and should meet the measure and protection in the same period, and automatic device requirements. The voltage transformer configuration should be able to guarantee operation mode changes, the protection devices do not gain and loss pressure, on both sides of the same period point can draw to the voltage. (2) 6-220 KV voltage level of each group should be installed on the three-phase busbar voltage transformer is presented. On the bus whether to bypass installed voltage transformer, should inspect each to the outlet of voltage transformer installed and need to be addressed. 11 (3) when need to monitoring and testing lines have voltage, the side of the outlet should be installed on a phase voltage transformer is presented. 15(4) when in need of 330 KV and below, the main transformer loop of the extraction voltage, can try to use transformer capacitive voltage extraction device.三 current transformer configuration (1) all the circuit breaker with all should be installed the number should satisfy the current transformer measuring instrument, protection and automatic device requirements. (2) does not have a circuit breaker in the following sites also should be installed with a current transformer: generators and transformers of neutral, generators and transformers, bridge connection form of export across classy article. (3) the directly grounded system, general press three-phase configuration. The grounding system to directly, in accordance with the specific requirements according to two phase or three-phase configuration.(4) a half a circuit breaker in the wiring, the line-line can be installed four groups of current transformer, in can satisfy the protection and measurement requirements can also be installed under the conditions of the three groups of current transformers. Line-transformer string, when transformer, the casing current transformer can use, can be installed three groups of current transformers.四lightning arrester device (1) the power distribution equipment each group on the bus, should be installed with a lightning arrester, but the outlet except when lightning arrester in