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HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge,tomaketheworldconvenient,SuperEngineering,姓名日期,Contents,1、BriefIntroduction,3、TwoArtificialIslands,3.工程总体方案,Thefirstmajorcombinedbridgeandtunnelsea-crossingprojectinChina.CostapproximatelyRMB105billion.Constructionbeganin15December2009atZhuhai.WillreducetraveltimefromHongKongtoMacauorZhuhaifromoverthreehourstojusthalfanhour.,1.BriefIntroduction,HongKongZhuhaiMacauBridge:theworldslongestsea-crossingbridge,oneofthemostchallengingconstructionsofitskindundertakenintheworldtodate.,TwoartificialislandsAnimmersedtubetunnelTheY-shapedbridge,1.BriefIntroduction,Totallenght:49.97kilometersUnderwatertunnel:6.7kilometersBridgeoverthesea:23kilometers,MacauLinkRoad,ZhuhaiLinkRoad,OffshoreBridge-and-Tunnel,HKLinkRoad,HKport,1.BriefIntroduction,1.thelifespanofthebridgeissetat120years.2.Itreportedlycanstandmagnitude-8earthquake,scale-16typhoonaswellasthecollisionwitha300,000-tonship,1.BriefIntroduction,thisprojectfeaturesadesign-and-buildcontract,coordinationofthethreeregionalgovernmentsintheconstructionandmanagement,andcloseattentionfromthesociety.Moreover,thereareenvironmentalconstraintsasthealignmentrunsacrossthenationalconservationareafortheChinesewhitedolphins,aswellascomplicatednavigationtrafficconditionsastheroutecrossesthebusiestshippingareaoftheLingdingSea.,2.FeaturesandDifficulties,HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgeisthenationalkeyprojectfeaturedwithstrategicsignificance,largeinvolvement,highlydifficultlevelofconstruction,longconstructiontime,highrequirementontechnicaldesignandenvironmentalprotection,manyparticipantparties,complexmanagementandcoordination.,2.FeaturesandDifficulties,3.TwoArtificialIslands,theWestArtificialIsland,theEastArtificialIsland,TheEastIslandhas59roundsteelcylinders圆钢筒.TheWestIslandhas61roundsteelcylinders.Thediameterofasinglecylinderis22.0m,andthecylinderwallis16mmthick.Theheightofroundsteelcylinderis40.5mto50.5m.Theroundsteelcylinderweighs445tto507t.,3.TwoArtificialIslands,4.TheImmersedTubeTunnel,Thewaterresistanceratiomustbelimitedto10%topreventaccumulationofsedimentattheLingdingyangChannel,otherwiseitwillimposeseriousimpactonthePearlRiverflowpathandflood-dischargecapacity,accordingtoagovernmentreport.Duetothelongdistancesbetweenthecities,theprojectisactuallyaseriesofbridgesandtunnels,connectedbyartificialislands，thiswasthefirsttimeChinahasbuiltanimmersedtubetunnel（沉管隧道）inopenwaters.The33tubeswillcomposea5.6-kilometerimmersed-tubetunnel,whichisdesignedtobeanimportantpartofthebridge.Eachofthetube,withaweightof80,000tonsandalengthof180meters,takesabouttwomonthstobuild.,4.TheImmersedTubeTunnel,5.TheSignificances,Britishnewspaper“TheGuardian”namedthemegastructureoneofits“sevenwondersofthemodernworldnearcompletion.”ItwillbethefirstnewlandtransportlinkbetweentheeastandwestcoastsofthePearlRiver,ThebridgewillbenefittheeconomicdevelopmentofthewholeoftheDelta.Th