广东省高考英语总复习--阅读理解解题技巧--猜测词义

阅读基础训练,猜测词义练习,词义猜测题常用提问方式有：Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.Theword“”ismostlikelytomean_.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?Theunderlinedword“”means_.,一、Definition定义法,三、Similarity相似法,二、Contrast对比法,四、Causeandeffect因果法,猜测词义,五、Example例举法,七、Context上下文,六、WordFormation构词法,Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,一、Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组来确定词义,Checktheanswers,从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思,Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。,二、Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。,Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.,从表示转折的词however可推断出dissented就是disagreed,Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.,AontimeBlateCslowlyDquickly,A,根据句意及but可推知,后半句的意思是他今天在“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出他平时一向“准时”的结论。,三、Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义,Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.,四、CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因,Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.,从后面“急需食物和衣服”中可以看出destitute是“穷困的”意思。,Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.,既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了。,五、Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。,Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washing-machine,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.,六、WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）、词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有super-(超)mini-（极小的，微小的）micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向),Canyouguessthemeaningsofthefollowingwords?,supermannonnaturalhomelessrebuildmicrowavemispronouncenonsmokereastwards,superman(超人)nonnatural(非自然的)homeless(无家可归的)rebuild(重建)microwave(微波),informal(非正式的)mispronounce(发错音)nonsmoker(非烟民)eastwards(向东),Haveyougottherightanswers?,Imgoingtobuyamicrobus.,micro+bus微型公共汽车,1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.AseeclearlyBunderstandCexpect,B,从上句“他显得非常紧张，讲了一会我才懂得他讲的内容”中判断makeout意为understand，故选B。,七、Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义,A,A,Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?-1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A雪山B树枝C冰河D冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.AweakBfirmCkindDclever3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A租用B借出C购买D参观,C,B,A,4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.AworkBstudyCnameDinterest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A爱猫的B古怪的C闲不住D动物保护主义者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A便士B温饱C非常贫困D虚弱,A,B,C,7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A活泼的B好动的C多嘴多舌的D可爱的8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.AtownBcapitalCcountrysideDhouse9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A勤奋的B愚蠢的C聪明的D情报,C,C,C,Passage1TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparentsroadtothefeedingareas.AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreedingseason.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?AeatBgetCsellDbuy,B,Letsdosomeexercises,Passage2Amanspositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage,andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_inthistext.AhonorBendangerCproudDshame,D,Passage3Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenateopposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever.Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_.AkilledbystoningBsentawayCimprisonedDpunishedbywhipping,B,同学们在解这类题时一定要注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的