《式微》—《子衿》—《送杜少府之任蜀州》—《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》ppt课件

诗经中国第一部诗歌总集。它收录了从西周初年到春秋中叶，也就是公元前1100年到公元前600年，约五百多年间的诗歌305篇。诗经分三部分。诗经六艺：。重章叠句：指上下句或者上下段，用相同的结构形式反复咏唱的一种表情达意的方法。,风、雅、颂,风、雅、颂、赋、比、兴,1,式微诗经邶bi风式微式微，胡不归？微君之故，胡为乎中露？式微式微，胡不归？微君之躬，胡为乎泥中？式微：式，微，胡：微：君：躬：中露：微君之躬：,意思是天黑了。,语气助词。,昏暗。,何，为什么。,（如果）不是。,君主。,即露中，在露水中。,（如果）不是为了养活你们。,身体。,2,式微诗经邶风式微式微，胡不归？天黑了，天黑了，为何还不回家？微君之故，胡为乎中露？（如果）不是为了你们，哪会在露水中？式微式微，胡不归？天黑了，天黑了，为何还不回家？微君之躬，胡为乎泥中？（如果）不是为了养活你们，哪会在泥中？,3,主旨：这首诗表达了对受奴役者的非人处境的同情，以及对统治者的满腔愤懑之情。【中考在线】1.这首诗在句式方面有何特点？有何作用？特点：重章叠句，押韵和谐，语言凝练，兼有长短。作用：节奏感强，体现了一唱三叹，余味无穷的特点。,4,2.这首诗以设问起笔，表达了诗人怎样的感情？从全诗看，“式微式微，胡不归”，并不是有疑而问，而是胸中早有定论的故意设问，诗人遭受统治者的压迫，夜以继日地在野外干活，有家不能回，苦不堪言，自然要倾吐心中的牢骚不平。,5,子衿,6,子衿jn诗经郑风青青子衿，悠悠我心。纵我不往，子宁nng不嗣s音？青青子佩，悠悠我思。纵我不往，子宁不来？挑to兮达t兮，在城阙qu兮。一日不见，如三月兮。,7,子：衿：悠悠：宁：嗣音：嗣：挑兮达兮：城阙：,你。男子的美称。,衣领。,深思的样子,岂，难道。,继续通音信。,接连，继续。,即挑达，独自徘徊的样子。,城门两边的楼台。,8,子衿诗经郑风青青子衿，悠悠我心。青青的是你的衣领，悠悠的是我的心境。纵我不往，子宁不嗣音？纵然我没去找你，你岂能不继续通音信？青青子佩，悠悠我思。青青的是你的佩带，悠悠的是我的思念。纵我不往，子宁不来？纵然我没去找你，你岂能不来？,9,挑兮达兮，在城阙兮。独自徘徊多少次，在城门楼台上张望。一日不见，如三月兮。一天没和你见面，好像三个月一样！全诗采用倒叙手法，前两章以“我”的口气自述怀人，第三章点明她在城楼上因久候恋人不至而心烦意乱，往来徘徊，觉得虽然只有一天不见面，却好像分别了三个月那么长。,10,全诗五十字不到，但女主人公等待恋人时的焦灼万分的情状宛然如在眼前。这种艺术效果的获得，在于诗人在创作中运用了大量的心理描写。诗中表现这个女子的动作行为仅用“挑”“达”二字，主要笔墨都用在刻画心理活动，如前两章对恋人既全无音信、又不见影儿的埋怨，末章“一日不见，,11,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,如三月兮”的独白。两段埋怨之辞，以“纵我”与“子宁”对举，急盼之情中不无矜持之态，令人生出无限想象，可谓字少而意多。末尾的内心独白，则通过夸张修辞技巧，造成主观时间与客观时间的反差，从而将其强烈的情绪心理形象地表现了出来，可谓因夸以成状，沿饰而得奇。,12,主旨：这首诗写一个女子在城楼上等候她的恋人，表现了这位热恋中的女子焦急不安、情深意切的真挚感情。主旨：这首诗鲜明地体现了那个时代女性所具有的独立、自立、平等的思想观念和精神实质，女主人公在诗中大胆表达自己的情感，即对情人的思念。,13,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,送杜少府之任蜀州,14,送杜少府之任蜀州王勃城阙qu辅三秦，风烟望五津。与君离别意，同是宦游人。海内存知己，天涯若比邻。无为在歧q路，儿女共沾巾。少府：县尉的别称。城阙：指长安。三秦：指关中地区。意：心情，心绪。海内：四海之内。知己：知心的朋友。天涯：天边，指极远的地方。无为：无须，不必。歧路：岔路口。儿女：恋爱中的青年男女。沾巾：泪沾手巾，指挥泪告别。,15,送杜少府之任蜀州王勃城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。与君离别意，同是宦游人。海内存知己，天涯若比邻。无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。三秦辅卫着长安，遥望蜀州，只见风烟迷茫。/与你离别的心情（相同），我们都是远离家乡，出外做官的人。/只要四海之内有知心的朋友，（即使）远隔天涯海角，也像近邻。/不要在分别的岔路口，像那些恋爱中的青年男女一样，任泪水打湿衣裳。,16,这首诗通过写与好友分别的情景，表达了诗人对朋友远行的留恋之情，同时也慰勉朋友乐观进取、勇往直前，去迎接新的生活，体现了诗人广阔的胸襟和远大的抱负。,17,【中考再现】(2014河南)1.这首诗表达了诗人怎样的思想情感？与友人的惜别之情。积极乐观的人生态度。2.请从炼字的角度，赏析首联中“辅”或“望”字。“辅”：“辅”是辅佐、护卫的意思，形象地写出了三秦大地护卫着长安的景象，气象雄伟，使诗歌开篇意境开阔。“望”：将相隔千里的京城和蜀地联系起来，表达了对友人的惜别之情。同时也为下文面对离别时的乐观积极态度做铺垫。,18,3.“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”表现了诗人这样的情怀？请简要分析。只要四海之内有知心的朋友，（即使）远隔天涯海角，也像近邻。表现了诗人对朋友的劝勉，即使生在天涯，只要心意相通，仍像在身边，表达了诗人的乐观精神。4.从“”可见王勃旷达的胸怀，他心中的友情已突破时空的阻隔；从可见杜甫博大的胸襟，他舍己为人，至死不渝（茅屋为秋风所破歌）。,海内存知己，天涯若比邻,“何时眼前突兀见此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足”,19,5.赏析“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”。这两句运用夸张、对偶的修辞手法，抒发了自己对友人的真挚感情，表现了诗人积极乐观的人生态度，道出了诚挚的友谊可以超越时空界限的哲理。,20,1.送杜少府之任蜀州流传千古的名句：海内存知己，天涯若比邻。2.表明不因行迹的疏远而淡漠感情的句子：海内存知己，天涯若比邻。3.有诗云：“丈夫志四海，万里犹比邻，恩爱苟不亏，在远分日亲。”送杜少府之任蜀州中与这首诗相似的诗句是：海内存知己，天涯若比邻。4.李白在赠汪伦)中写道：“桃花潭水深千尺。不及汪伦送我情。”与此诗意相似的是：,海内存知己，天涯若比邻,21,5.用来鼓励和安慰朋友，道出了古今上下几千年人们心声的名句是：6.表达朋友虽然相距遥远却如在身边的感情的是：7.表现“四海之内皆兄弟”意思，用以劝慰友人的诗句是：8.唐代陆龟蒙别离诗中“丈夫非无泪，不洒离别间”的诗句，由此可联想到：,海内存知己，天涯若比邻,海内存知己，天涯若比邻,海内存知己，天涯若比邻,无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。,22,9.王勃劝友人不要在离别时悲情伤感，作儿女之态的句子是：无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。10.表明不要因为离别而伤感的诗句：无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。11.在叙将别之时，气势宏伟，已寓不必伤别之意，为下文抒情情奠定基调的是：城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。12.劝慰友人不要哀伤，表达出诗人豁达，爽朗的胸怀的诗句：与君离别意，同是宦游人。,23,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,望洞庭湖赠张丞相,24,望洞庭湖赠张丞相孟浩然八月湖水平，涵虚混太清。气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。欲济无舟楫，端居耻圣明。坐观垂钓者，徒有羡鱼情。涵虚：涵，虚，混太清：欲济无舟楫：济，,天空。,指水映天空。,包含。,与天空浑然一体。,想渡湖却没有船只，比喻想从政而无人引荐。,渡。,25,端居：耻圣明：端居耻圣明：徒有羡鱼情：,闲居、平常家居。,因有负太平盛世而感到羞愧。,只能白白地产生羡鱼之情了。这句隐喻想出来做官而没有途径。,闲居在家，因有负太平盛世而感到羞愧。,26,望洞庭湖赠张丞相孟浩然八月湖水平，涵虚混太清。气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。欲济无舟楫，端居耻圣明。坐观垂钓者，徒有羡鱼情。八月湖水升涨，几乎与岸平。湖水与天空浑然一体。/云梦泽水汽蒸腾。洞庭湖的波涛摇撼着岳阳城。/我想渡湖却没有船只，闲居在家，却又因有负太平盛世而感到羞愧。/闲坐观看别人临河垂钓，只能白白地产生羡鱼之情了。,27,诗人借望洞庭湖有感，婉转地向张九龄表明了自己愿为国效力的心愿。此诗是一首投赠之作，诗人通过面临烟波浩淼的洞庭欲渡无舟的感叹，以及临渊而羡鱼的情怀，曲折地表达了希望张九龄给予援引之意，表现了诗人积极进取的人生态度。,28,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才